How many types of climate are there on Earth?

There are fifteen types of climate in the world, including tropical rainforest climate, savannah climate, tropical desert climate, tropical monsoon climate, tropical oceanic climate, temperate oceanic climate, and temperate oceanic climate. , temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate continental humid climate, subtropical humid climate, temperate continental climate, subarctic continental climate, polar long-cold climate and polar ice sheet climate.

Tropical rainforest climates are mostly distributed on both sides of the equator on each continent, such as the Amazon Plain in South America. These areas are located in the equatorial low-pressure zone, and the air flow is mainly upward movement. There are many opportunities for water vapor to condense and cause rain. It rains all year round, with no dry season, and the annual precipitation is more than 2,000 mm. Many plants still grow densely under such climate conditions of high temperature and rain all year round.

Savanna climate is mainly distributed on both sides of the equatorial rainy climate zone. Its main feature is that it has distinct dry and wet seasons throughout the year. Secondly, the temperature is relatively high throughout the year, with the average temperature in the coldest month being above 16°-18T. The climate in this area is usually divided into three seasons: dry, hot and rainy. The annual temperature range is slightly larger than that in the equatorial rainy climate area.

Tropical desert climates are mostly distributed outside the savannah climate zone, with the widest distribution in central and western Australia, northern Africa, Southwest Asia and central and western Australia. The main characteristic of this climate is high temperature, which is known as the "hot pole" in the world. There is very little precipitation, with the annual rainfall less than 200 mm. The annual rainfall is unstable and varies greatly. Sometimes it does not rain for many years. In addition, strong sunshine and strong evaporation further aggravate the dryness of the climate.

The tropical monsoon climate is mostly distributed in Indochina, most parts of the Indian Peninsula, the Philippine Islands, southern Taiwan, Leizhou Peninsula, and Hainan Island. This climate zone has heavy annual precipitation, concentrated in summer, with a lot of convective rain. The tropical monsoon is developed and has distinct dry and wet seasons.

Tropical maritime climate occurs on the east coast of the continent with trade winds and on islands in tropical oceans. Such as the Caribbean coast of Central America, the West Indies and other areas. These areas are affected by trade winds from the tropical ocean all year round, and tropical ocean air masses prevail all year round. As the name suggests, tropical ocean climate is a climate type with oceanic climate. The annual and daily temperature differences are relatively small, but the average temperature of the coldest month is slightly lower than that of the equator. The annual range is slightly larger than that of the equatorial rainy climate. The annual precipitation is generally more than 2000 mm, and the seasonal distribution is relatively even.

The temperate maritime climate is located on the west coast of the continent in the westerly zone. It is greatly affected by oceanic air masses, and there are warm currents passing along the coast. There is no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. The average temperature of the coldest month is above 0°C. , the average temperature in the hottest month is below 221, and the annual and daily temperature ranges are small.

The Mediterranean climate is located on the west coast of the continent at subtropical latitudes. It is a transition zone between tropical semi-arid climate and temperate maritime climate. For example, areas along the Mediterranean Sea and the coast of California, USA, have such a climate.

The temperate monsoon climate is distributed on the east coast of Eurasia, the north of Japan, and the Far East of the Soviet Union. The annual precipitation of this climate type is about 1,000 mm, and about two-thirds of it is concentrated in summer.

The subtropical monsoon climate is located at 25° north latitude. ?35° on the east coast of the subtropical continent, it has no obvious dry season. The annual precipitation is usually between 1000 and 1500 mm, with more rainfall in summer.

Most of the temperate continental humid climate is distributed on the east side of the temperate maritime climate zone of the Eurasian continent, as well as the eastern part of the North American continent between 35° and 55° north latitude. This climate has some similarities with the temperate monsoon climate in terms of changes in temperature and precipitation. In the temperate continental humid climate area, there is more precipitation in winter due to the influence of cyclone activity; convective rain generally occurs in summer, but the concentration of rain is not as significant as in the temperate monsoon climate, and the non-periodic changes in weather are also great.

The humid subtropical climate is mainly distributed in the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of the eastern part of the North American continent at 25° to 35° north. The precipitation in this climate area is relatively uniform.

The temperate continental climate occupies a relatively large area in the northern hemisphere, mainly distributed at 35° north latitude. ?50° in the central part of the Asian and North American continents. Areas with a temperate continental climate have polar continental air masses all year round. Because these areas are blocked by high mountains and have no influence from sea breezes, they have polar continental air masses. It has cold winters and hot summers, with large annual and daily temperature ranges and very little precipitation, showing continental climate characteristics.

The subarctic continental climate mainly occurs between 50° and 65° north latitude, with a zonal distribution. The main characteristics of this type of climate are long and severe winters. Severe cold weather often occurs in areas with subarctic continental climates, with temperatures often reaching -50°C. Summers are short but very warm, with average monthly temperatures above 10°C and annual precipitation. Generally it is 300 to 600 mm, mainly in summer rain. Because evaporation is weak, the relative humidity is high.

Most of the polar cold climate is distributed on the northern edge of the North American continent and the Eurasian continent, part of the coast of Greenland, and several islands in the Arctic Ocean.

This climate is characterized by winter all year round, which is extremely cold and long. In areas with a polar cold climate, precipitation is mainly snow, with an annual precipitation of about 200 to 300 mm. Therefore, the ground in areas with such a climate is often dry. There is ice and only lower plants such as lichens and mosses.

Polar ice sheet climate is distributed in the polar regions and nearby areas, including Greenland, several islands in the Arctic Ocean and the ice sheet plateau of the Antarctic continent. Areas located in polar ice sheet climates are in a state of permanent night in winter. Although there is permanent daylight in the second half of winter, the heat received is very weak because the sunlight is oblique. Therefore, this kind of climate is severely cold all year round, and it is the coldest continent in the world. Therefore, it is also called the "cold pole" of the world.