Introduce Canadian articles in Chinese and English.

Canada-the most livable country in the world

According to the report published by the United Nations, Canada ranks first among more than 60 countries in terms of comprehensive indicators such as employment level, per capita gross national product, income, education and health level.

Beautiful natural environment and safe and advanced lifestyle.

Canada is located in the northern half of North America, with a total area of 9.97 million square kilometers, second only to Russia, and is the second largest country in the world. With a population of more than 29 million, it is one of the countries with the lowest average population density in the world, and every three people occupy one square kilometer of land. 89% of the land has no permanent settlements. The south is about 5000 kilometers away from the United States, and is rich in oil, minerals, wood, seafood and water resources. Canada has four distinct seasons, and the west is influenced by the Pacific monsoon. The four seasons are pleasant, tulips are in full bloom in spring, the sun shines in summer, the maple leaves are dyed in autumn, and the snow falls in Wan Li in winter, which is very amorous.

Canada is a federal country, which consists of ten provinces and two regions. Ethnic composition is English, French, Dutch, German, Polish and China. The official languages are English and French.

There are 26 urban areas in Canada with a population of over 65438+ 10,000, and 3 cities with a population of over 1 10,000. Many of them are the safest, cleanest and most beautiful downtown areas in North America. The serious crime rate in Canadian cities is less than half that in American cities. What is more commendable is that people of different races live in harmony in the international environment. The government and industry are committed to keeping the air and food clean, and work together to maintain a healthy environment.

Canadian cities have high-quality opera houses, orchestras and dance troupes, art galleries, museums and public libraries. There are internationally renowned ballet, opera house and symphony orchestra in Canadian cities. At the same time, the best artists from all over the world are often invited to visit and perform. The Canadian government's per capita subsidy for the arts is one of the highest in the world. Canadian cities are a blend of European, Asian, Latin American and African cultures. For example, Vancouver is home to many Asians; Toronto blends European, Asian and other cultures; Quebec has added a bilingual European flavor to North America.

The climate in Canada varies from place to place, which often surprises tourists who expect colder weather. The vast majority of the country's population lives within 250 kilometers from the US border, while the southernmost tip of Canada is at the same latitude as Northern California. Therefore, the climate of major cities in Canada is mostly similar to that of the northern United States or northern Europe. Towns in Canada provide comfortable living facilities, but compared with other international commercial centers, the cost of living is indeed kept at an affordable level.

It ranks among the best in the world in terms of economic and technological development.

Canada is one of the seven western countries, and its industrial production automation, electrification and modernization level are in a leading position in the world. Agricultural production is also highly specialized, commercialized and modernized. Canada has advanced world level in telephone, microwave, satellite and optical fiber communication, aerospace, microelectronics industry and biotechnology. Canada's transportation is very convenient, with 654.38 million kilometers of railways and 730,000 kilometers of highways, 900 airlines and 600 large airports.

An ideal place for investment

Canada is a big trading country. With a well-educated workforce, reasonable production costs and government policy support, international people are full of confidence in Canada's business investment environment.

Canada's economic growth is strong among the seven industrialized countries, and its inflation rate has been below 2% for a long time. The living standard index ranks third. Many leading industries in the future have made great contributions to the Canadian economy. These industries include communication equipment, laser products, environmental protection technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, computer software and other high-tech industries.

Many international enterprises increasingly regard Canada as a research and development center. Canada is the richest market in the world. 1 994 65438+1October1The entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement has brought unparalleled convenience to Canadian enterprises. Rich raw materials, cheap energy, low-cost commercial buildings, advanced and efficient infrastructure, little government intervention and preferential policies to support small and medium-sized enterprises, technology and R&D plans make Canada one of the few ideal investment places in the world.

A complete education system

Canada provides free primary and secondary education. Primary education pays attention to educating students to actively participate in learning, and the admission conditions are simple, mainly according to the residence and age distribution of students. For the children of new immigrants, the school will also arrange ESL English courses. The primary school curriculum is arranged according to the instructions of the provincial education department, and the school attaches no less importance to students' academic performance than their life etiquette. I hope the students will develop in a balanced way; Secondary education in Canada generally lasts 5-7 years. You only need to complete 30 credits and attend classes for 1 10 hours per credit, and you can get the secondary school diploma. The subjects of elementary courses are the same, while the subjects of advanced courses are more flexible and the subjects to be studied will be different. The school has student counselors to help students plan their future. The school also organizes various community activities to enable students to develop in all aspects. Higher education in Canada can be divided into community colleges, universities and research institutes. International students and new immigrants usually take language classes first, and university courses usually last for 3-5 years. There are two kinds of bachelor's degrees and honorary bachelor's degrees. There are 88 universities and more than 200 community colleges in Canada. The admission qualification of these schools is decided by the students themselves. Students apply for universities alone, and there is no national entrance examination. For a master's degree, students must have a university degree in related disciplines.

Social welfare system envied by the world

Canada is a high welfare country, and the expenses are borne by the federal government. Although the specific regulations vary from province to province, the social welfare is basically the same. Including:

Resettlement allowance: parents of children under 18 can enjoy it. The specific amount depends on the family income level;

Day-care allowance: If children's parents are working and cannot pay all the day-care expenses, they can apply for day-care allowance;

Unemployment insurance: Most people who work in Canada have unemployment insurance. You can pay unemployment insurance if you are unemployed.

Old-age pension: if you are over 65 years old and have lived in Canada for 10 years, you can receive a full pension;

Pension: People who pay pension tax during working hours can apply for a pension;

Medical insurance: Canada implements a universal medical insurance plan, and residents enjoy free medical services;

Canadian passport is universal.

Canada opens its doors to all eligible people in the world, accepting more than 200,000 immigrants and refugees every year, of which about 80,000 are from general skilled immigrants, most of whom are from Asia. China immigrated to Canada for more than 100 years. At present, China people account for 5% of the national population. China's investment includes banks, real estate, hotels, department stores, electronic communications, computers and so on. China people have excellent employment opportunities, and more and more people are engaged in senior white-collar jobs. Chinese has become the third largest language after English and French, and its status is getting higher and higher.

multiculture

Canada practices multi-cultural and multi-racial peace. Unlike Australia, which opposes Asian immigrants, there is more racial discrimination. In big cities such as Toronto and Vancouver, the number of Chinese has exceeded 500,000.

More personal development opportunities

After immigrating to Canada, you can apply for naturalization and become a Canadian citizen after living in Canada for three years within four years. Canadian passport holders can travel visa-free to and from the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Greece, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, Taiwan Province Province, Singapore, Malaysia, Brazil, Venezuela and other countries 100. After immigrating to Canada, it is also very easy to move to the United States for development.

Canada

Canada, an independent nation (200 1 pop. Northern North America, with an area of 9,976, 1, 787 square kilometers. Canada occupies all of North America except Greenland and French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, that is, the northern part of the United States and the eastern part of Alaska. It borders the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean and Alaska in the west. A transcontinental border, partly formed by the Great Lakes, separates Canada from the United States; The Nels Strait and davis strait separate Canada from Greenland. The Arctic Islands extend all the way to the Arctic Ocean.

Canada consists of 10 provinces-Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia-and three regions-Nu Loewit, Northwest Territories and Yukon. The capital of Canada is Ottawa and the largest city is Toronto. Other important cities include Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Quebec.

land

Canada has a long and irregular coastline; Hudson Bay and St. Lawrence Bay are indented into the east coast, and the internal passage extends along the west coast. The channel blocked by ice between the northern islands of Canada forms the northwest passage. During the ice age, the whole of Canada was covered by continental ice sheets, which washed away and depressed the surface, leaving behind glacial drifts, sedimentary landforms and countless lakes and rivers. Except for the Great Lakes, which are only partially located in Canada, the largest lakes in North America-Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Winnipeg Lake-are all located in Canada. St Lawrence River is the main river in eastern Canada. Saskatchewan river, Nelson, Churchill and Mackenzie rivers flow through central Canada, while Columbia, Fraser and yukon river flow through the western part of the country.

Canada has a bowl-shaped geological structure, surrounded by highlands, and the lowest point is Hudson Bay. The country has eight major physical and geographical regions-canadian shield, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Western Cordillera Mountains, Inland Lowlands, Great Lakes-St Lawrence Lowlands, Appalachians, Arctic Lowlands and Inuit.

The exposed part of canadian shield covers more than half of Canada. This once mountainous area, which contains the oldest rocks on the mainland, has been worn out by thousands of years of erosion. Its upturned eastern edge is jagged by the fjord. The shield is rich in minerals, especially iron and nickel, and has potential hydropower resources. At the center of the shield is the Hudson Bay Lowland, including Hudson Bay and the surrounding marshes.

West Cordillera is a young mountain system in geology, which is parallel to the Pacific coast and consists of a series of north-south mountains and valleys, forming the highest and most rugged part of the country. Mount Logan (19,551foot /5959 m) is the highest point in Canada. Part of this area consists of rocky mountains and coastal mountains, which are separated by plateaus and basins. The islands in western Canada are coasts partially submerged in mountains. The western Cordillera Mountains are also rich in minerals, timber and potential hydropower resources.

Between the Rocky Mountains and canadian shield is the inland lowland, a vast area filled with sediments from the highlands on both sides. The lowlands are divided into prairies, plains and Mackenzie lowlands. Prairie is Canada's granary, and grazing on the plains is very important.

The smallest and southernmost area is the Great Lakes-St Lawrence Lowland, the heart of Canada. Dominated by the St Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, this area provides a natural corridor into central Canada, and saint lawrence seaway provides inland cities with access to the Atlantic Ocean. This part is composed of gently undulating surfaces on sedimentary rocks, and it is home to large areas of farmland, large industrial centers and most of Canada's population. In southeastern Canada and Newfoundland, it is the northern end of the Appalachian mountain system, which is an ancient and complex area with generally low and circular terrain.

The Arctic lowlands and Inuit are the most isolated areas in Canada, which are barren and covered with snow for most of the year. The Arctic lowlands include most of the Arctic Islands and contain sedimentary rocks that may contain oil-bearing strata. At the northernmost point, mainly in ellesmere island, is the Inuit Mountains, with an altitude of about10,000 feet (3,050 meters).

The climate in Canada is influenced by latitude and topography. Inland lowlands make it possible for polar air masses to move south and subtropical air masses to move north into Canada. Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes have played a role in changing the local climate. The western Cordillera Mountains are a climate barrier, which prevents polar air masses from reaching the Pacific coast and prevents humid Pacific winds from entering the inland. Cordiller A has a typical plateau climate, which varies with altitude. There is abundant rainfall on the hillside in the west, and the whole area is forest. Inland lowlands are located in the rain shadow of Cordillera mountains; The south is a grassland climate, dominated by grass. The climate in southern Canada is mild, with snow in winter (especially in the east) and cool in summer. Farther north, extending to the tree line, it has a humid subarctic climate, which is characterized by a short summer and about half a year of snow. The huge boreal forest is the largest surviving relic of the vast forest that once covered most parts of North America, and it is dominant in this area. On the Arctic Islands and the northern continent are tundra, with moss and lichens, permafrost, perennial snow and ice sheets. A famous phenomenon along the eastern coast of Canada is the persistence of dense fog. When the Gulf Warm Current and the Labrador Cold Current meet in Newfoundland, the two warm currents pass through the Labrador Cold Current and form dense fog.

human

About 40% of the Canadian population is of British descent, while 27% is of French descent. Another 20% have other European backgrounds, about 65,438+00% have East Asian or Southeast Asian ancestry, and about 3% have indigenous or Mé tis (mixed-race indigenous and European) background. In the late 1990s, Canada had the highest immigration rate in the world, and more than half of the immigrants came from Asia. More than 75% of the total population lives in cities. Canada has complete religious freedom, although its growing multiculturalism sometimes leads to tensions between ethnic and religious groups. About 45% people are Roman Catholics, while about 40% people are Protestants (the largest groups are the United Church of Canada, the Anglican Church and the Presbyterian Church). English and French are the official languages, and federal documents are published in both languages. 199 1 year, about 6 1% of Canadians speak English as their mother tongue and 24% speak French as their mother tongue.

economy

Since World War II, the development of manufacturing, mining and service industries in Canada has created a wealthy society. Service industry now accounts for 66% of GDP, while industry accounts for 3 1%. Tourism and financial services are the most important services in Canada. However, manufacturing is the single most important economic activity in Canada. The main products are transportation equipment, pulp and paper, processed food, chemicals, primary metals and metal products, petroleum, electrical and electronic products, wood products, printing materials, machinery, clothing and non-metallic minerals. Industry is concentrated in Ontario and Quebec, followed by British Columbia and Alberta. Canada's industry depends on the country's abundant energy resources, including hydropower, oil, natural gas, coal and uranium.

Canada is a major mineral producer, although many of its mineral resources are difficult to exploit due to permafrost. It is the largest source of nickel, zinc and uranium in the world and the main source of lead, asbestos, gypsum, potassium carbonate, tantalum and cobalt. Other important mineral resources are oil, natural gas, copper, gold, iron ore, coal, silver, diamonds, molybdenum and sulfur. Mineral resources are distributed in many areas; Some of the most productive areas are sudbury, Ontario. (copper and nickel); Timmins, Ontario. (lead, zinc and silver); And Kimberley (lead, zinc and silver) in British Columbia. Oil and gas have been discovered in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Agriculture employs about 3% of the population and makes a similar contribution to GDP. The biggest source of agricultural income is livestock and dairy products. The biggest income-generating crops are wheat, oats, barley, corn and rape. Canada is one of the world's leading agricultural exporters, especially wheat exporters. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are major grain-producing provinces, and together with Ontario, they are also the main sources of beef cattle. The main fruit growing areas are in Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec and Nova Scotia. Apples and peaches are the main fruits in Canada. More than half of the total land area is forest, and Canada's timber production ranks among the top in the world.