What are the common varieties of litchi _ Methods of planting litchi

There are many varieties of litchi in China. According to the investigation in the early days of liberation, there are 82 varieties in Guangdong, 4 1 variety in Fujian, and the varieties in Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Taiwan Province provinces are not fully counted. Next, I will introduce the common varieties of litchi to you.

What are the common varieties of litchi? Feizixiao

Sichuan is called thallium, and Taiwan Province is called green purse or jade purse. Feizixiao is rich in Xiamen, Guangdong, Sichuan, Taiwan Province and other regions. Feizixiao is characterized by green and red skin, big head, gray meat color, crisp and sweet, and small stones. Legend has it that Emperor Tang Ming smiled at Yang Guifei, and the litchi sent thousands of miles away was the princess's smile. (The world of mortals laughs at the princess, no one knows it's litchi)

Common variety of litchi: white sugar poppy

Also known as honey poppy (electric white). This variety is precocious, mainly produced in Genzi Town, Gaozhou City, Maoming City, and also cultivated sporadically in Dianbai Yang Jiao Town. It has a cultivation history of about two or three hundred years.

Common variety of litchi: March Red.

Because it matures in the late March of the lunar calendar, it is named March Red. It is the most precocious variety. Mainly produced in Xinhui, Zhongshan, Zengcheng and Lingshan, Guangxi. The fruit is heart-shaped, wide at the top and sharp at the bottom; Lobes are different in size, irregularly arranged, and suture lines are not obvious; Thick skin, reddish; The meat is yellowish-white, slightly tough, rough in texture, large in core, sweet and sour in taste, and has residue after eating. Because it was listed early, it is still very popular with consumers.

Common variety of litchi: round branch

Also known as Shuidong or Shuidong Black Leaf. Distributed in the suburbs of Guangzhou and counties in the Pearl River Delta. It is named because it is suitable for planting in watery places, and its leaves are slender and similar to black leaves. The fruit is short oval, or slanting heart-shaped, with high shoulder edge and low shoulder edge; The cracked slice is slightly flat and wide, and it should be dark red. The pulp is soft, smooth and juicy, sweet and sour, and slightly fragrant. Mature at the end of May or early June.

Common variety of litchi: black leaf

The fruit is short oval, round or obtuse at the top, and flat; Dark red skin, thin shell, flat and blunt lobes, uniform size, regular arrangement, obvious cracks and stitches; The meat is firm and crisp, sweet and juicy, and most of them are big stones. Mature in mid-June. More resistant to storage.

Common litchi varieties: Hu Aizhi

Also known as Ye Mi, Fenghua, Gu Feng, Hu Aizhi (according to legend, an ancient book passed by Lingnan, so it was named after the litchi given by villagers) and Hu Aizhi. Guangdong is the most widely cultivated and prolific variety. Both fresh and dry are suitable. The fruit is round or nearly round, and the pedicle is flat; The shell is thick and tough, crimson, with large lobes, slightly convex or nearly flat, irregularly arranged, with occasional spikes near the pedicle, dense and few; The meat is milky white, soft, clear and juicy, sweet and sour, with large and long nuclei and occasional small nuclei. Mature in early July.

Common variety of litchi: Guiwei

Also known as cassia twig, it is named after the fragrance of osmanthus. Is one of the best varieties, produced in the suburbs of Guangzhou and Lingshan, Guangxi. There are two kinds of cinnamon flavors: Hong Quan and Duck Head Green. The fruit is spherical, the shell is light red, thin and crisp; The chapped slices are small and sharp, and there are deep grooves around the top of the fruit from both sides of the pedicel, which is the characteristic of cinnamon; Yellow and white, soft and full, small core and sweet taste. It ripens in early July.

Common variety of litchi: glutinous rice paste

Also known as Mizhi, it is the most valuable variety in Guangdong. It is a famous Guangdong specialty fruit at home and abroad. Mainly produced in Luogang District, a suburb of Guangzhou, and Xintang Town, Zengcheng City, followed by Conghua County and Dong Fan County. The fruit is heart-shaped, nearly round and its stalk is skewed. Yellow wax color at the beginning of listing, bright red at the beginning; The cracks are large and long, longitudinally arranged, sparse and slightly convex, and the suture line is wide and obvious; The top of the fruit is plump and the pedicel is slightly concave; The meat is thick, the core is small, the pottery color is yellow, white and translucent, and the soluble solid content reaches 20%. It is very sweet, fragrant, waxy, tender and of good quality. It is the favorite variety of consumers. Best for fresh food and drying. Mature in early July. There are two strains of red glutinous rice and white glutinous rice.

Common varieties of litchi: Justin

Also known as wrinkled core, it is mainly produced in Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The fruit is heart-shaped and the top of the branch is full; The fruit stalk is long; The pericarp is purplish red, with lobules and spines in the center, and the suture line is not obvious; The meat is thin, milky white, the size of the core is less than 7, and it tastes sweet and sour. Mature in mid-July.

Common variety of litchi: Gualv

It is the treasure of litchi in Zengcheng, Guangdong Province, and one of the famous litchi varieties in Guangdong Province. Tribute of feudal times. "Lingnan Litchi Spectrum" describes: What is its fruit? One side of the pedicle protrudes slightly higher, which is called faucet; One side is low, called phoenix tail. When cooked, the red clothes alternate with each other, and a green line runs through the end, so it was renamed. ? The fruit is as big as a chicken print and the core is as small as a pea; Pericarp dark red with green; The lobes are flat and the suture lines are obvious; The meat is thick and crisp, sweet and juicy, fragrant and unique in flavor. Mature from late June to early July. At the 2002 Green Litchi Auction held in Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province, a litchi sold for 555,000 yuan. Is this litchi in Zengcheng? Xiyuan? Hanging green old trees has a history of more than 400 years and produces few fruits every year. Its characteristic is that the shell color is slightly green and six dividends, and a green line runs through the fruiting body. The flesh is crisp, tender and slightly fragrant, and it is wrapped with non-wet paper after peeling. Become the most expensive fruit in history.

Common variety of litchi: crystal ball

Guangdong origin, crisp and sweet flesh, transparent flesh color and small stone, is an excellent variety with a cultivation history of hundreds of years. Chen Ding's litchi dialect. Caption: Crystal ball? White flowers, white shells, white and white, and the flesh is as sweet and fragrant as blood. ?

The method of planting litchi. Requirements of litchi growth and development on temperature conditions

When the ground temperature is 2326℃, the root system of litchi grows fastest. The lowest temperature of tree top growth is 16 18.5℃, and the fastest temperature is 2429℃. The lowest temperature of flower bud differentiation is 0.2℃. When the lowest temperature is lower than -2℃, the floral organ is easy to freeze to death. When the temperature was stabilized at 13℃, litchi began to blossom, and the pollen germination rate was the highest at 2024℃. When the temperature is higher than 2627℃, flower bud differentiation and germination are inhibited.

Second, litchi's requirements for water conditions

It grows well in the area with annual rainfall 1000 1800 mm, and the growth of branches needs sufficient water. If it rains once every 57 days or there is enough water for irrigation, the branches will germinate quickly and grow vigorously, which is conducive to the formation of mature and fruitful mother branches. The flower bud differentiation period needs relatively dry weather. However, after the miscellaneous ear is pulled out, a proper amount of water is needed to facilitate the growth of the ear; Fruit needs water most during the expansion period, but heavy rain or continuous rain will cause downy mildew of fruit, resulting in a large number of fruit drop.

Third, the requirements of litchi for sunshine conditions

Litchi branch growth and flower bud differentiation need some sunshine, but too strong sunshine and a large amount of evaporation of water are easy to cause filament withering, stigma consolidation and pollination difficulties. When the fruit is ripe, it needs enough sunlight to improve its color and taste. Four, the adverse weather types of flowering and fruiting

1, low temperature and rainy type. Low temperature and rainy for more than 5 10 days (the daily average temperature is lower than 16℃ and the daily rainfall is 2 10 mm). The anthers of male flowers do not crack and loose powder, pollen loses its germination ability, and insects such as bees stop moving because of low temperature and rainy weather.

2. The shower cools quickly. The northeast wind is 5 10 m/s, with moderate to heavy rain, even heavy rain, the temperature drops by more than 5℃, and a large number of female flowers fall off.

3. Strong wind and dry cooling type. When there is a 67-level gale, the temperature drops by more than 5℃ and the relative humidity is less than 60%, it will cause a large number of falling flowers.

Five, the relationship between fresh fruit storage and meteorological conditions

Litchi ripens at high temperature and humidity, with high water content and sugar content. Not resistant to long-distance transportation and storage after harvest. At the room temperature of 28℃, it will generally deteriorate and rot in a week or so. Cold storage or spontaneous modified atmosphere can keep fresh and prevent decay. Generally, spontaneous controlled atmosphere storage is adopted, that is, litchi is bagged and sealed. At the low temperature of 15℃, the spontaneous preservation of litchi in low oxygen and high carbon dioxide storage environment is caused by its own respiration, and it can be kept fresh for 3040 days.

Determination of the northern boundary of tropical and subtropical fruits such as litchi and longan

Division index: annual extreme minimum temperature? 0℃ frequency? 20% to divide the northern boundary of litchi and longan planting in Guangxi.

North boundary: south of Wuxuan New City in Pingnan, Rong County, south of Du 'anchang, northeast of Baise and north of Xilin. The area south of the boundary has good wintering conditions and is a suitable cultivation area for litchi and longan. The counties and cities north of this limit have poor wintering conditions, and litchi and longan are generally not suitable for large-scale planting because of their high probability and high risk. Wuzhou, Cenxi and tengxian are one of the litchi and longan producing areas in our region, but the wintering conditions in this area are not ideal. Mainly the mountains in western Guangdong are in the east, and there are clouds and mountains in the southeast. It is difficult to discharge the cold runoff formed after the cold wave sinks into valleys and low-lying areas. It is the most severely damaged area of litchi and longan in southern Guangxi over the years.

The key factor affecting litchi yield 1 and the relative low temperature during the wintering period are beneficial to inhibit the occurrence of winter shoots.

Specific indicators:

(1) Under the premise of not being damaged by freezing, the high-yield year is when the average daily temperature in winter is lower than 10℃ and the low-temperature cold storage is between 50 120℃. ? 25℃ is a year of labor shortage.

(2) Under the premise of not being damaged by freezing, it is a high-yield year when the average daily temperature in winter is below 10℃ and the highest low temperature is between 4072℃; ? 20℃ is a year of labor shortage.

(3) When the extreme minimum temperature in winter is 0.52.0℃, it is mostly a high-yield year; ? -2.5℃ or? 4.5℃ is mostly a poor harvest year.

In February, April and May, there are few rainy days, and there are few heavy rains and strong winds.

Litchi fruit trees are particularly sensitive to water and light conditions during flower bud differentiation, flowering and pollination. If there is no long-term rainy day or long-term high temperature and drought in April, the temperature is normally high and the sunshine is sufficient, which will be beneficial to the flowering and pollination of litchi fruit trees and improve the fruit setting rate. On the contrary, it is not only not conducive to the improvement of flowering, pollination and fruit setting rate of fruit trees, but also easy to cause a large number of physiological flowers and fruits. In addition, the occurrence of strong convective weather, such as hail, thunderstorm and strong wind, is also easy to cause mechanical damage to fruit ears and young fruits, leading to falling flowers and fruits.

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