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Italian physicist, astronomer and philosopher, pioneer of modern experimental science. His achievements include improving the telescope and its astronomical observation, and supporting Copernicus' Heliocentrism. At that time, people rushed to preach: "Columbus discovered the new continent and Galileo discovered the new universe." Today, Stephen Hawking said, "The birth of natural science is attributed to Galileo, and his contribution in this respect is probably unparalleled."

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Galileo galilei (65438+February 25th, 0564-1642[ 1]) is a pioneer of modern experimental physics and is known as the "father of modern science". He is an indomitable truth fighter. Engels called him "one of the giants who can break old theories and create new ones regardless of any obstacles". 1564 was born in Pisa on February 5th. He first proposed and proved that two objects with the same shape but different weights fall at the same speed. He opposed the stereotype of the church. As a result, he was persecuted by the church in his later years and imprisoned for life. He overthrew many of Aristotle's viewpoints with systematic experiments and observations. Therefore, it is called the father of modern science, modern observational astronomy, modern physics, science and modern science. His work laid the foundation for Newton's theoretical system. 1642 65438+1died in Pisa on October 8th. Galileo's surname is Galileo, and his full name is galileo galilei, but now people usually call him Galileo by his first name instead of his last name. Because of translation problems, there are different opinions about surnames, and Galilei shall prevail. 1590, Galileo made a famous experiment of "two balls landing at the same time" on the leaning tower of Pisa, which overthrew Aristotle's theory that "the falling speed of an object is proportional to its weight" and corrected this erroneous conclusion that lasted for 1900. However, Galileo's statement that he did experiments in the leaning tower of Pisa was later denied by rigorous textual research. Nevertheless, people from all over the world will visit this ancient pagoda, and they regard it as a monument to Galileo. 1609, Galileo made an astronomical telescope (later called galileo telescope) and used it to observe celestial bodies. He found the unevenness on the surface of the moon and drew the first map of the moon himself. 161065438+17 October, Galileo discovered four moons of Jupiter, which provided conclusive evidence for Copernicus' theory and marked the beginning of its victory. With the help of a telescope, Galileo also discovered Saturn's rings, sunspots, the rotation of the sun, the profit and loss phenomena of Venus and Mercury, the balance between the moon's Sunday and Zhou Yue, and the fact that the Milky Way is composed of countless stars. These discoveries ushered in a new era of astronomy. Galileo wrote the Star Messenger, letters about sunspots, dialogues between Ptolemy and Copernicus, talks about two new sciences, mathematical proofs and testers.

To commemorate Galileo's achievements, people named Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto as Galileo satellites. Galileo provided inspiration for Newton's first law and Newton's second law of motion. He attaches great importance to the importance of mathematics in the application of scientific methods, especially the degree of conformity between physical objects and geometric figures! He also overturned Aristotle's words. He is good at asking questions and won't stop until he gets to the bottom of it. Many senior students are often embarrassed by her questions.

The life of the character

Going to the sea to do business against one's will1February 56415th, Galileo Galilei was born into a shabby aristocratic family in Pisa, Italy. It is said that his ancestors were famous doctors in Florence, but by his father Galileo Van Sandu's generation, his family had fallen. Van Sandu is a very talented composer. He published several pastoral poems and instrumental works before his death. He is also good at mathematics and proficient in Greek, Latin and English. However, wonderful music can't fill a family's stomach, and his mathematical talent can't get him a good position. Shortly after Galileo was born, Van Sandu opened a small shop selling woolen goods in Florence, not far from Pisa, which was a last resort. But in order to support his family, Fan Sandu had to go into business against his will. Galileo Jr. is the eldest son of Fan Sandu, and his father has high hopes for his son. He found that Galileo Jr. was very clever and had a strong curiosity about everything since he was a child. Not only that, but the child is also very clever. He always seems to be very busy, either painting or playing the piano. He often makes many smart electric toys for his brothers and sisters and has a good time. Concentrate on your studies at school. Galileo junior first entered the school of Frenborosa Monastery. In this school, he concentrates on philosophy and religion. For a time, Galileo hoped to be a missionary dedicated to the church in the future. But when Fan Sandu heard this, he immediately took his son home. He persuaded Galileo to study medicine, which he had already designed for his son's future. /kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo entered the famous University of Pisa. According to his father's wishes, he became a medical student. The University of Pisa is an ancient university, and its library is rich in books, just to Galileo's taste. However, Galileo was not very interested in medicine. He seldom attends class, and as soon as he attends class, he puts forward such and such questions about what the professor teaches, which makes it difficult for the professor to answer. In the eyes of the professor, Galileo was a very unpopular bad student. However, Galileo was not interested in medicine. He studied mathematics, physics and other natural sciences tirelessly, and looked at those theories that have been regarded as classics since ancient times with suspicion. The era of life, we must know that Galileo lived in the famous Renaissance in European history, and Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance. At that time, many big cities in Italy, such as Florence, Genoa and Venice, developed into the centers of East-West trade, established firms, workshops and the earliest banks, and the capitalist relations of production sprouted. Coupled with the development of trade and the invention of printing, new ideas spread faster than ever before. As a result, people began to shake the religious theology and traditional dogma that had bound their thoughts for thousands of years. By chance, Galileo listened to a lecture by court mathematician Matteo Leach. Galileo was deeply fascinated by the young mathematician's profound knowledge and strict logic, especially his verification method in proving mathematical problems. His eyes lit up, as if he had discovered a magical world, which was his dream mathematics kingdom! He was so excited that he immediately went to court mathematician Matteo Leach and asked him many puzzling questions. Matteo Leach came to Pisa with the Archduke of Tuscany from Florence. He taught mathematics to court attendants, but he didn't expect an enthusiastic audience. And his questions are very interesting, which fully shows his extraordinary wisdom and profound knowledge. When matteo Leach heard that Galileo was a medical student at the University of Pisa, he couldn't help blurting out, "Ah, Galileo, you are a genius, and you will become an outstanding mathematician." Galileo blushed. He talked about his boredom with medicine, his father's expectation of him, and his distress that he could not study according to his own wishes. "Don't be discouraged." Matteo Leach said kindly, "You should study hard by yourself. If you have any difficulties, I will always be your loyal friend. " Matteo Leach encouraged Galileo to study math and physics harder. He carefully read every book borrowed from the court mathematician and absorbed it like a sponge. However, he is not the kind of person who is superstitious about books. Those authoritative conclusions that people think are true often bring unexpected problems in Galileo's mind. He often feels distressed and falls into deep thinking. Repeating the experiment, Galileo strolled to his familiar Pisa Cathedral. He sat on a bench and stared at the beautifully carved altar and arched colonnade. Suddenly, the giant lamp in the center of the church hall shook, and the house repairman installed a chandelier there. This was originally a very common thing. The chandelier swings like a pendulum, drawing an invisible arc in the air. However, Galileo followed the swaying chandelier as if he had been touched by electricity. At the same time, he used his right hand to count the number of times the chandelier swings and the number of times the pulse beats according to the pulse of his left wrist, thus calculating the swinging time of the chandelier. As a result of this calculation, Galileo discovered a secret, that is, the time for the chandelier to swing once is always the same, regardless of the radian. At first, the chandelier swung badly, and gradually, it slowed down, but every time it was swung, the number of pulse beats was the same. Galileo's mind churned, and he thought, it is clearly written in the book that it is faster to pass through a short arc than a long one. This is what the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said, and no one doubts it. Is there something wrong with your eyes or something? He ran back to the university dormitory like a madman, closed the door and repeated the experiment. He found ropes and chains of different lengths, as well as iron balls and wooden balls from somewhere. On the roof, on the branches outside the window, I repeated over and over again, recording the time of swinging with an hourglass. Finally, Galileo had to boldly come to the conclusion that Aristotle's conclusion was wrong. It is the length of the rope that determines the swing period, which has nothing to do with the weight of the object at the end of the rope. In addition, the vibration period is the same for the pendulum rope with the same length. This is the law of pendulum motion discovered by Galileo. Galileo need not say how happy he was. But at that time, who would believe a medical student's scientific discovery, not to mention whether his conclusion established the famous Aristotle's authoritative statement. Just then, Fan Sandu's shops became more and more depressed. It is said that Galileo did not study medicine according to his own wishes, but was obsessed with unimportant experiments all day. So his stern father decided to stop Galileo from continuing to go to college and let him go home to be a clerk. Galileo was very depressed. He left the University of Pisa and returned to Florence. But the path he chose is unshakable.