Cotton weather

Cotton is a light-loving crop, which is suitable for growing under sufficient sunlight. The temperature requirement of cotton emergence is higher than that of germination, and the normal germination needs more than 65438 06℃. When the temperature reaches above 30℃, it is easy to burn buds and seedlings. China's cotton is mainly distributed in South China, Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, especially early maturity and Northwest China.

Brief introduction of cotton

Cotton, also known as cotton fiber, is the seed fiber of Malvaceae cotton, which is native to subtropical zone. The plant is shrubby and can grow to 6 meters high in tropical areas, usually 1 to 2 meters. The flowers are milky white, turn dark red shortly after flowering, and then wither, leaving a small green capsule called cotton boll.

The countries with the highest cotton production are China, the United States and India. Cotton varieties are: Lu cotton varieties, Ji cotton varieties, Xinjiang cotton varieties and so on.

What are the conditions for cotton planting?

Most cotton varieties in Xinjiang are early-middle-maturing, early-maturing and extra-early-maturing, and are not sensitive to day length. It is a light-loving crop and is suitable for growing under sufficient light conditions. The light compensation point and light saturation point of cotton are very high. According to the determination, the light compensation point of cotton single leaf is 750- 1000lx, and the light saturation point is 70,000-80,000. Generally speaking, the suitable light intensity range of cotton leaves is 8000-70000. In this range, the photosynthetic intensity increases with the increase of light intensity.

Climate and temperature of cotton planting

Cotton is suitable for temperate continental climate, with hot summer, abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, which is just suitable for cotton growth. The natural conditions of cotton production in Central Asia are mainly related to the temperate continental climate here. Continental dry climate, abundant light and heat resources, long sunshine time and long frost-free period are especially suitable for cotton planting. The raw cotton produced has good color, long fiber and high quality.

The temperature requirement of cotton emergence is higher than that of germination, and the normal germination needs more than 65438 06℃. When the temperature reaches above 30℃, it is easy to burn buds and seedlings. The lowest temperature of cotton seedling growth is 65438 06℃, and the growth will be inhibited if it is higher than 33℃, and the growth of cotton plant needs 20℃.

Geographical area suitable for cotton planting

Cotton is suitable for areas with high latitude, long summer sunshine and abundant sunshine. It is located in the foothills on the edge of Tarilimu Basin, where the snow and ice melt water is abundant and irrigation is convenient. Sandy soil, with good air permeability, is conducive to cotton growth, and the harvest season is mostly sunny, which is conducive to cotton picking. China's cotton is mainly distributed in South China, Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, especially early maturity and Northwest China.

Cotton planting time

Cotton planting time is around April every year. The suitable sowing date is mid-April; In areas with unstable air temperature in spring, it is better to sow when the ground temperature of 5cm after the final frost period is stable above 14℃, and the suitable sowing date is April 15-25.

Cotton planting benefit

Cotton planting shows a downward trend every year. The economic benefit of cotton is twice that of corn. Cotton yields about 600 Jin per mu, and the price is about 3.5 yuan per Jin. You can earn 2000 yuan per mu. But farmers still grow corn and seldom grow cotton.

The reason is that growing cotton is very tiring, and it is impossible without manpower. In spring, men go out to work, and it is not easy for women at home to raise seedlings. There is also the inconvenience of collecting cotton. It is really necessary to pick a few acres of cotton every day. In addition, the management is more complicated, which requires frequent application of pesticides and manual cutting, which is much more complicated than corn.

Cotton planting methods and technical points

1. Timely sowing is the key measure to ensure the stable growth of plants, early germination and early flowering, which is beneficial to the early maturity, high quality and high yield of dry cotton. Generally, it is appropriate to sow when the ground temperature is stable at 16 degrees Celsius, and the time is around April 20. Select precision seeder, the yield per mu sown by conventional cotton machine is 1- 1.5 kg, and the yield per mu sown by hybrid cotton machine is 0.6 kg.

Cotyledons of cotton are hypertrophy, and the ability of topping soil is poor, and the sowing depth is generally controlled at 3-4cm. Sowing is too deep, it is difficult to cover the soil, the temperature is low, seedling emergence is slow, nutrient consumption is high, and seedlings are thin, even resulting in rotten seeds, rotten buds and lack of seedlings; Sowing too shallow is easy to dry, and it will also cause lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

2. In the later stage of cotton, we should focus on the apex and remove the edge. Topping is generally carried out in July 15-20, when the number of fruit branches per plant reaches 14, and will not exceed beginning of autumn at the latest. In August 10, the lateral heart was picked, the extra buds were smeared, and the empty branches were removed, so as to achieve the goal of peach waist-covering and autumn peach topping. Full chemical control. According to the characteristics of cotton varieties, growth, soil moisture and planting density, we should master it flexibly.

The rain is frequent and violent, and plants grow. Spray early in vigorous adaptation period, and spray late in short adaptation period in dry weather. Generally, cotton fields start spraying in bud stage. According to the principle that the dosage is from less to more, the dosage of mepiquat chloride used per mu is 65438±0g in bud stage, 2g in bud stage, 3g in flowering stage and 4-5g in flowering stage.