What is the geographical environment and natural resources of Colombia?

Colombia is located in the northwest of South America, bordering Venezuela and Brazil in the east, Ecuador and Peru in the south, Panama in the northwest, the Caribbean in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Its land area is about 1 142000 square kilometers, ranking fourth in South America. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline in the North Pacific and the Caribbean.

Colombia belongs to West Zone 5, which is 13 hours later than Beijing time, and does not implement daylight saving time.

The eastern part of Colombia is an alluvial plain in the upper reaches of the Amazon River and Orinoco River, accounting for about two-thirds of the country's total area. The country's topography is roughly divided into two parts: the Andes in the west and the Janas plain in the east.

Rainforest is the main climate, tropical grassland and dry grassland are in the north, and the precipitation here decreases gradually from south to north. In a large area dominated by savanna climate, it is still hot all the year round, but it is not as rainy as in the south. The equator crosses the south. The climate in the south and west of the plain is tropical rain forest, and the north gradually turns to tropical grassland and arid grassland. The mountainous area at an altitude of1000-2000m is subtropical, the temperate zone at an altitude of 2000m-3000m, the alpine grassland at an altitude of 3000m-4500m, and the alpine region at an altitude of 4500m or above is covered with snow all year round.

Colombia is rich in natural resources, the main mineral deposits are coal, oil and emeralds. Coal reserves are about 24 billion tons, ranking first in Latin America. Oil reserves are 654.38+0.8 billion barrels, natural gas reserves are 654.38+0.87 billion cubic meters, emerald ranks first in the world, bauxite reserves are 654.38+0 million tons, and uranium reserves are 40,000 tons. In addition, there are gold, silver, nickel, platinum, iron and other minerals. The forest area is about 49.23 million hectares.