Danjiangkou city Folk Culture

Brief introduction of market situation

After the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project was confirmed, danjiangkou city in Hubei Province became a veritable "China Water Capital".

Danjiangkou city, which has a history of more than 2,000 years, was called Wudang in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Chu was destroyed by Qin, and the Qin system was inherited by Han, which was renamed as Wudang in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing are all important towns; In the early years of the Republic of China, the state was changed to a county; 1983, changed to danjiangkou city. Here, people are outstanding, humanities are gathered, and sages come forth in large numbers. Chen Tuan, Su Zhe, Xu Xiake and other historical celebrities came here to compose poems and add luster to the culture of ancient counties and states.

Danjiangkou Reservoir, the largest artificial freshwater lake in Asia with a storage capacity of 29 billion cubic meters, is the source of water diversion for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer.

Danjiangkou city is the birthplace of Wudang culture. Wudang Mountain is a famous Taoist shrine in China. Large-scale ancient buildings are listed in the world cultural heritage list and are national-level scenic spots. Wudang Wushu is world-famous. There is also the famous "living fossil of folk culture" in China-Wujiagou Story Village, and the first village of Han folk songs in China-Lujiahe Folk Song Village. The well-known water source and long cultural history of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project have promoted the vigorous development of tourism economy. Danjiangkou city has begun to cultivate Danjiangkou Reservoir and Wudang Mountain into well-known brands, and develop eco-tourism areas and holiday and leisure areas with local characteristics.

Danjiangkou city has a solid industrial base. She is an important production supporting base of Dongfeng Company, and is the receiving point of Dongfeng Company's eastward strategy. There are more than 20 auto parts manufacturers, and two centers of cold rolling and hot rolling have been initially formed. Danjiangkou city's "four big and one new" industries are growing, and a number of new enterprises such as Aluminum Company, Nongfu Spring, Xibaoshan Core Aluminum Company, Than Shwe Carbon Company and Danchuan Company are growing, and the development potential of industrial base is increasing.

Danjiangkou city has an excellent ecological environment. Danjiangkou has lush forests and green mountains, with a forest coverage rate of 39.3%. In recent years, the city has vigorously implemented the strategy of establishing an ecological city, and extensively carried out returning farmland to forests and afforestation. By 20 10, we will strive to increase the forest coverage rate to 50%. Danjiangkou city's green coverage rate is 40.5%, with per capita green space 14.86 square meters, and it has won the title of national green city. The water surface of Danjiangkou Reservoir is1120,000 mu, with excellent water quality and no pollution, and the unique aquatic products are dazzling. Snapper, bream, carp, crucian carp, mandarin fish, whitebait and other fish are delicious and are delicacies on the table. Danjiangkou Hydropower Station has an installed capacity of 6.5438+0.05 million kilowatts and an average annual power generation of 5 billion kWh. Its abundant hydropower resources have created conditions for domestic industrial development. Today, the whole city of danjiangkou city has formed a * * *, striving to turn resource advantages into economic advantages, and strive to build the largest drinking water base in China, an important aluminum industry base in Hubei, an automobile parts base and a high-quality agricultural product base.

Danjiangkou city is rich in natural resources. This is a high-quality citrus production base in the northernmost edge of China, with an annual output of 654.38+0.5 billion kilograms. Danjiang Citrus was rated as "China Famous Fruit" by the state. Tea, fungus, mushrooms and other agricultural special products are famous all over the country, and their development and utilization prospects are very broad. Wudang Qingyu, Wudang Needle Well and Wudang Sword Tea were rated as high-quality teas by the Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Province. Among them, "Wudang Needle Well" is a famous trademark in Hubei Province and has been certified as an organic (ecological) food by the European Union. There are more than 40 kinds of proven mineral deposits in Danjiangkou, among which the reserves of ferrotitanium and vanadium rank first in Hubei Province. Non-metallic minerals include dolomite, limestone, electrolytic stone, marble and asbestos, which can be invested and developed. Danjiangkou real estate has 1 100 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines. Wudang Mountain in China is known as the "natural medicine storehouse", which is rich in gastrodia elata, ganoderma lucidum, golden hairpin, Polygonum multiflorum and other precious Chinese medicines.

Danjiangkou city has developed transportation and communication, with water, land and air combined transport extending in all directions. Xiangyu Railway, Han Shi Highway and Han Shi expressway run through the whole territory, and National Highway 3 16 runs through five towns. The Han-Dan railway goes directly to Wuhan, and the Hanjiang waterway goes directly to ports such as Wuhan and Shanghai. Wudang Mountain Airport and Xiangfan Airport are 26 kilometers and 108 kilometers away from the urban area respectively. Mobile communication and information transmission are convenient and fast, with good industrial foundation, complete urban functions and perfect infrastructure. The production base of pure water and fruit juice drinks invested by Nongfu Spring Co., Ltd., a well-known national enterprise, was completed and put into operation in Danjiangkou. Related projects of American EPlC and JLF companies settled in Danjiangkou and put into production; The construction bridge of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project spans the Han River and will connect the left and right banks of danjiangkou city. In addition, the Jingle Palace, the first of the Eight Palaces in Wudang Mountain, which is being restored, enriches the tourist routes, and a series of buildings such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Memorial Tower and Observation Deck will rise from the ground.

Danjiangkou city is determined to seize the opportunity of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, put forward the overall goal of building an "eco-city, a strong economic city, a famous tourist city and a beautiful and civilized city", give full play to the city's strength in serving the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, expand investment, explore and innovate, develop Danjiangkou economy, and make every effort to build Danjiangkou, the capital of China.

The development of history

Danjiangkou city is a county-level city established on the basis of Jun County with the approval of the State Council on August 9th, 1983. Located in the northwest of Hubei, the middle and upper reaches of Hanshui River. It is adjacent to laohekou city in the east, Fangxian County in the south, Gucheng County in the southeast, Shiyan City in the west, Yunxian County in the northwest and Xichuan County in the northeast. Danjiangkou city is 480 kilometers away from the provincial capital along expressway in the southeast and 1 10 kilometers away from Shiyan city along expressway in the west. The city is 73 kilometers long from east to west and 8 1 km long from north to south, with a total area of 311square kilometer. The population of the whole city is 43 1, including Han, Hui, Man, Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Bai, Mongolia, Tujia and Buyi1,and the Han nationality accounts for 99.82% of the total population.

1948 March 2 1, Xun county was liberated. At that time, the population was 239,000, of which the county population was 6.5438+0.5 million. 1959, due to the construction of Danjiangkou dam, the county moved to Danjiangkou. After nearly 30 years of construction, the urban area has reached 16 square kilometers, with 4 sub-district offices, 20 neighborhood committees and 17 natural villages with a population of 83,064.

By the end of 1986, there were 8 industrial enterprises in the city 108 with 24,000 employees. Among them, there are 25 central and provincial enterprises with 1.47 million employees. There are as many as 14 industrial categories. Metallurgy, electric power, chemistry, machinery, building materials, food, textiles, sewing, stationery and other industries have formed industry advantages, and chemistry, machinery, building materials and food have become the four economic pillars of municipal industries. At present, danjiangkou city has become a regional industrial center city with water control projects as the mainstay.

Education in danjiangkou city has developed rapidly. 1986, there were 526 universities, middle schools and primary schools in China, with 65,438+10,000 students. Among them, there are 4 Ministry of Water and Electricity, provincial high schools, 1 secondary normal schools, 3 ordinary high schools, 5 agricultural middle schools, 69 junior high schools and 445 primary schools in this city, with 99.722 students. In addition, there are various adult schools, staff schools, TV universities and so on.

Danjiangkou city has a long history and a prosperous culture. Tracing its history is beneficial to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and urban management.

Yin Shang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty (BC16th century ~ AD 19 1 1 year)

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are under the jurisdiction of Yuzhou, adjacent to Yongzhou. It was an ostrich in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the 11th year of Duke Wen of Lu (6 16 BC), Zi Chu cut an ostrich, and the ostrich died in Chu. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Korea and Chu, and was called Ling Jun.

In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year ago), the world was divided into 36 counties, all of which belonged to Wudang County and Nanyang County.

The Han Dynasty ruled along the Qin Dynasty. The Three Kingdoms are Wei. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao got Jingzhou, which was divided into Nanyang County, Nanxiang County and Wudang County. The chief executive of Wudang county is called "county magistrate" because he has no household, and the official system includes Cheng, Wei (one person each), Cao, Yan and Shi (several people); There is a school in Xiandao City, and the school has a teacher, so the township is called Ju.

In the tenth year of Taikang (289), Emperor Wu of Jin (Sima Yan) changed Nanxiang County to Yang Shun County, and Wudang was Yang Shun County. Yongjia Rebellion (3 10) Pingyang County was pacified, Jiangzuo County, Zengping County and Wudang Shiping County. The chief is a county magistrate, and his subordinates are: chief clerk history, director's office history, following meritorious service history, delayed meritorious service history, thousand-member history, warehouse thief history, soldier history, official history, supervisor history, supervisor director, director of the capital, and thief arrest. The county seat is located in a township. There is a miser in more than 1,000 townships, a bookkeeper in less than 1,000 households and a librarian in 100 households.

The evolution of the Northern and Southern Dynasties changed frequently because of the different reforms. During the Song and Qi Dynasties (420~502), Shiping County was changed to Qixing County. In the first year of Liang Taiqing (547), Yang Jun County was established, Gexing County was xing zhou, and Wudang, Pingyang and Yang Jun counties were under its jurisdiction. County magistrate, subordinate to a surname. In the first year of the Western Wei Dynasty (552), Pingyang, a provincial province, entered Wudang and changed Xingzhou to Fengzhou (named after Fengzhou).

In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (583), the county was sealed. In five years (585), Fengzhou was changed to Zhou Jun (named after Shui Jun). At the beginning of the great cause (605), the state was abolished and Xiyang County was established. In the second year of Yining (6 18), Wudang County was established in Gexiyang County, and the original Wudang, Yang Jun and Ping Ling counties were all transferred. There is a magistrate in the county, and his subordinates are: Yan Wu, Dong, Cao Yu, Zhu Bo, Si Gong, Cang Hu, Art of War, Shi, Cao and so on. There are decrees in every county, and their subordinates are: Cheng, Wei, Cao, Jin Hu, strategists and scholars.

In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), Wudang County was changed to Zhou Jun, in the seventh year (624), Ping Ling was the provincial capital, and in the eighth year (625), almost all of them were admitted to Wudang. In the same year, three counties under the jurisdiction of Fengzhou were cut. There is a secretariat in the state, and its subordinates are: Biejia, Xiachang Shi, ShangSima, Military Ambassador, Military Ambassador, Division Officer, Division Officer, Division Officer, Division Officer and Doctor. There is a county magistrate in the county, and the subordinates are: Shangcheng, DuDu Bo and DuWei. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Tuyang and Anfu counties in Zhou Jun Province were abandoned, with Wudang, Yun Xiang and Fengli as the main counties. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Zhou Jun was changed to Wudang County. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Wudang County belonged to Zhou Jun. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), Jun and Fang were transferred to Shannan East Road. In the second year (905), Shenyou moved to the Wuding army to rule, but it was abolished in three years.

In the Song Dynasty (960), Wudang County was established, and the southwest road of Beijing was transferred, with Wudang and Yunxiang as the leading cities in the county. In the first year of Xuanhe (1 1 19), it was promoted to Wudang Military Day. Counties are set up in counties, with judges, military supervisors, clerks, household departments, Cao, judicial officers, managers, Cao and Yi. The county has a county magistrate, and the subordinates are: County Cheng, Chief Book, Commandant, Inspector, etc. Wudang county has eight townships.

Kublai Khan ruled Yuan Shizu for thirteen years (1276), and went south, setting up a county to abolish the army, with Wudang army as the state in the province. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty (1279) belonged to Xuanwei Division of Hubei Road, followed by Xiangyang Road, leading Wudang and Yun Xiang counties. The state government has a prefect, and his subordinates are: Tong Zhizheng, judges, assistant officials, officials and prosecutors. Counties and counties have county orders, and their subordinates are: Da Lu Jia Qi, Yin, Cheng, Bo, Wei, Dian Shi, Zhi Zheng, Xun Jian, etc.

In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Wudang County was abandoned in Zhou Jun, and governed Yun Xiang and Shang Jin. At the beginning of Chenghua (1465), the state was placed under Xiangyang prefecture, and since then, there has been no county in each state, and it has been reduced from Zhili prefecture to scattered state.

The State Council is the administrative organ of a country. It is well known that there is a man who is the chief executive of a state. An official is an assistant who knows the state, is in charge of documents or leads state affairs. Zheng Xue is the person in charge of national cultural and educational affairs. Instruct one person, be Zheng Xue's assistant, and assist in cultural and educational affairs. Patrol one person, whose main duty is to suppress people's resistance.

The state has state department, school punishment department, discipline department, official department and inspection department (with Black Tiger Temple). There are six rooms in the official garden: the official residence in charge of personnel participation in some government affairs; Etiquette room responsible for etiquette, sacrifice and tribute; Houses in charge of land, household registration, taxation and fiscal revenue and expenditure; The armory in charge of military affairs, weapons and military discipline; Torture room, in charge of justice, arrested thieves and held an execution ceremony; Workshop management of agriculture and mulberry production and irrigation and water conservancy facilities. The guest screen is responsible for knowing the files, notes, files and other specific work of the entourage.

There are three classes in the yamen: the "strong class" that represents the guards when they are promoted to the imperial court; "Aauto Quicker Class" specializing in catching thieves; Responsible for the "soap class" to serve the guards.

There are villages and villages in the state. Every mile governs 10 households, and every mile governs 10 households. Straight inside (long inside), nail length. 1 10 one mile per household. Well-off and well-off households choose village heads once a year, one round 10 years. Li Jia is a grass-roots administrative organization and a collection unit that pays land tax corvee. Li Jia undertakes three major corvees: Li Yi, Pan Yi and Yi Jun, as well as sacrifice, construction and support. Of the 65,438+065,438+00 households, 65,438+00 households have a large amount of grain and grain as the team leader. For the remaining 100 households, the households with food will make up a roster called "Yellow Book", and those who escape will be replenished by the remaining households. Hongwu First Edition Zhou Jun 5. Addendum to Hongzhi Ten Years (1497) 2 1.

Zhou Jun Brick City was built by Li Chun, deputy commander of the garrison, in the fifth year of Hongwu (1372). It is 6 miles long, 1.2 feet wide and 2.5 feet high. This trench is 3 feet deep and 6 feet wide. 4 access control blocks: Dadongmen, Xiaodongmen, Beimen and Nanmen. Simon and Shangshuimen were built later.

Clean government system. The state's administrative institutions and settings are: State Department, School Reform Department, Discipline Department, Official Department, Private Prosecution Department (in the Black Tiger Temple, it was cut in the 12th year of Shunzhi and increased in the 4th year of Guangxu), General Staff Department, Police Department, General Department of Thousand Departments, General Department of baruch, Administration Department, General Department of Procuratorate, General Department of Middle School, Government Affairs Department and State Judicial Department (cut in the 16th year of Shunzhi).

Climatic conditions

Our city belongs to subtropical semi-humid monsoon climate zone. Due to the barrier effect of Qinling Mountains, combined with the total water benefit of Danjiangkou Reservoir and the influence of vertical landform, our city has a superior microclimate in mountainous areas. The basic characteristics are "four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, sufficient heat, the same season of rain and heat, long frost-free period and high relative humidity". The annual average temperature of the whole city is 7.7℃- 16℃, the active accumulated temperature of > > 10℃ is 2200℃-5 100℃, the frost-free period 180-250 days, and the sunshine hours of the whole city 190.

According to the observation records of the meteorological department, the average temperature drops by 0.5 per 100 meters above sea level, and the accumulated active temperature above > 10℃ decreases 189℃, the summer shortens 10 days, the annual precipitation increases by 25 mm, and the frost-free period decreases by 6 days. Our city has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics.

natural resource

biology

I. Crop variety resources

There are 575 varieties (lines) belonging to 49 genera and 0/8 families of crop varieties in the city. Among them, there are 507 varieties (lines) of grain crops; 2 1 cotton variety; 18 oil crops; 4 peanuts; 7 soybeans; Green manure 12. These varieties (lines) have played a role in increasing production in different historical periods.

Second, the characteristic crop variety resources

Characteristic crop variety resources include oil, silk, tea, tobacco, fruit, edible fungi, fiber, paint and so on 160 varieties.

Third, the natural enemy resources of crop diseases and insect pests

There are 12 species in the whole city, and there are 388 pests in 65 crops, of which 14 is the quarantine object, and 34 common pests are harmful to crops. At the same time, 3 1 natural enemy resources of 388 species of pests in the city were investigated, among which wheat included aphids, syrphids and harmonia axyridis. There are 1 1 species of rice, such as fly-fly-fly, straight spider, etc. 6 species including corn borer, Trichogramma and Chrysopa sinica. There are seven kinds of cotton, such as golden wasp and big gray aphid.

Four. forest resources

There are 403 species of woody seed plants in 79 families, 206 genera in the city. There are 435 ancient and famous trees in Wudang Mountain area, belonging to 24 families, 33 genera and 46 species.

At the end of 1987, the total standing stock of the whole city was 1327547 cubic meters, including woodland 1264622 cubic meters, sparse woodland 30580 cubic meters and loose timber 32345 meters. The per capita accumulation is 3.03 cubic meters.

Rare tree species include ginkgo biloba, gooseberry autumn, Bashan pine, aesculus chinensis, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, elm, Pinus bungeana, Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Cryptomeria fortunei.

Looking at the present situation of forestry resources in the city, it is actually a barren and low-yield forest with irregular forest species, disordered tree species, low forest production capacity, low economic benefits and very fragile ecological functions. At present, it is still in an abnormal period, and it is difficult to form a big commodity production advantage in the short term.

V. Chinese herbal medicine resources

There are 820 species in the city, belonging to 226 families. Among them, there are 723 species of plants and 97 species of animals and minerals.

Six, grassland and livestock and poultry species resources

There are 16 families and 5 1 species in the city. Among them, Gramineae grass occupies the main position, with a total area of 2,366,349 mu (including grassland area in the forest), and the annual fresh grass output is about 1, 65,438+0.6 billion kilograms.

Excellent local livestock and poultry breeds include local black pig, local yellow cattle, Yunyang white goat, white feather silky fowl, local duck, local grass goose, local white goose and goose.

Seven, aquatic animal resources

(a) Fish resources

There are 5 orders 10 families 6 1 species of fish in the whole city. There are 42 species of CYPRINIDAE, accounting for 7 1%. The main economic fish are grass, silver carp, bream, carp, crucian carp, bream and catfish. Precious fish include silver snapper, long snout, eel, bream, eel and so on. Excellent meat quality and high economic value.

(2) Other aquatic animal resources

The number of zooplankton in Hanjiang River is 15026/L, including protozoa 14000/L and rotifers 250/L; Pods and Cephalopods 8/l; Nematodes 18/ l, trematodes and other insect tips 250/ l, and other rotifers 500/ l. ..

The benthic biomass is 400/m2. Common larvae are Chironomidae, Andromeda, Tabanidae and so on.

Eight. Precious and rare wildlife resources

Precious animals are: forest musk deer (fragrant roe deer), mandarin duck and giant salamander. The three protected animals are civet cats, civet cats and golden pheasants with red bellies. Wild fur animal resources: mainly wolves, foxes, Yellow weasel, badgers, badgers, otters, muntjac, wild boar and rock squirrels.

mineral

I. Mineral geological conditions

The geological distribution of our city belongs to Kunlun Qinling area, Wudang Mountain and Liang Yun area. The community stratum of Wudang Mountain, south of the Han River, belongs to Archean stratum, distributed in the flood plain of the tributary of the Han River in Holocene and Cenozoic, and has been submerged by Danjiang Reservoir. The strata of the two communities north of Hanjiang River belong to Sinian, Cambrian and Tertiary in Paleozoic respectively. Generally speaking, there are Archean, Paleozoic CAMBRIAN and Cenozoic Tertiary. The hierarchy is relatively simple. The age of strata varies greatly from top to bottom. Lack of Ordovician and Silurian in the most active period of the crust; Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian in Late Paleozoic; Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in the Middle Paleozoic. It basically belongs to ancient strata. Therefore, metal minerals are poor and silicate minerals are rich.

Two. Distribution and characteristics of mineral resources

According to the information provided by the geological department and local relevant units, there are 35 kinds of minerals in the city. Among them, there are 6 kinds of metallic minerals and 29 kinds of nonmetallic minerals. The mineral resources account for 3 1 10 species in the whole province. There are 19 species with proven reserves, accounting for 24.7% of 77 species in the province. Of these 35 minerals, 9 are located in the south of the Yangtze River and 26 are located in the north of the Yangtze River.

"Jiangnan", the copper oxide mine in Tongjiashan, Dingjiaying and the nickel mine in Sifangshan, Tangwan have all been explored, but because of their low grade, no geological work has been done. There are 8 kinds of nonmetallic minerals such as calcium carbide, albite, high alumina, granite, diabase, sericite, black clay and kaolinite, and 9 kinds of vanadium-titanium magnetite, accounting for 25.7% of the city's minerals.

"Jiangbei" includes metal minerals such as vanadium, vein gold, placer gold, copper and magnets, as well as stone coal, limestone, dolomite, illite, quartzite, gypsum, kaolin, marble, shale, crocidolite, talc, crystal, chalk soil, quartz sand, Iceland spar, celestite, ferrovanadium, flint and aragonite.

According to the proven reserves of minerals, their geographical distribution and the degree of protection to the national economy can be divided into four categories:

(1) There are abundant vanadium associated with limestone, dolomite, marble and stone coal in the Paleozoic Sinian and Cambrian strata in Jiangbei, which is a powerful guarantee for the development of metallurgy and building materials.

(2) Apart from vanadium pentoxide and vanadium-titanium magnets, although there are many metallic minerals and some nonmetallic minerals, the deposit is unstable and looks like a chicken nest, which is not suitable for large-scale production, but only suitable for large-scale and small-scale mining.

(3) The V-Ti magnetite in Yintongshan, Tuguanyi is associated with V-Fe and asbestos deposit, with large reserves and low grade. According to relevant data, the mine can be used as a backup mine for WISCO.

(4) Geological work is still needed to evaluate the grade and reserves of 6 kinds of minerals, such as high alumina and hydrated kaolinite, to meet the needs of industrial development.

Three. Review of key mineral resources

(1) metal mine

1. Vanadium-titanium magnetite is located in Yintong Mountain, Tuguanyia Township, 5 kilometers south of "Han Shi" highway, with convenient transportation. The proven reserves of the mine are 65.438+0.2 billion tons of C-class, 630 million tons of D-class, and the associated minerals are 46.5438+0.82 million tons of titanium dioxide and 850,000 tons of titanium pentoxide. Low grade but large reserves, good washability, suitable for open-pit mining.

2. Yangjiabao Vanadium Mine is 3 km south of Xijiadian Town/KLOC-0, which is connected with the "Yun Dan" highway with convenient transportation. This mine is a multi-element mine associated with stone coal. Two mining areas, A and B, have been proved. Stone coal reserves10.07 million tons, including 852,200 tons of associated vanadium pentoxide and 210.04 million tons of calcium. Yttrium 7490 tons, zinc 2 1400 tons, molybdenum 32 10 tons, chromium 53500 tons, arsenic 32 10 tons, aluminum 5350 tons, cobalt 1070 tons and barium 2 140 tons. Ytterbium is 749 tons, nickel 10700 tons, copper is 5350 tons, and sodium is 2000 tons *** 18 kinds, which are suitable for comprehensive development.

(2) nonmetallic minerals

As for silicate minerals, * * * has identified 28 species, of which 16 species, accounting for 57. 1%. Among silicate mineral resources, the deposits are stable, good in quality, large in reserves and widely used, and limestone and dolomite are easy to mine. Other minerals, mostly chicken-nest-shaped deposits, can not guarantee the output. The limestone mine has seven occurrences and two deposits of different stratigraphic ages. Zhao Dan Luhuagou limestone mine belongs to the third sedimentary type, with a reserve of about 7,000 tons and a calcium oxide content of about 47%. Mainly used as building stone, calcined lime and ordinary portland cement. The other six limestone mines are all CAMBRIAN crystalline limestone mines with stable deposits, abundant reserves and good quality. Its calcium oxide content is about 53%. Liangshuihe Town limestone mine has a reserve of about 40 million tons, containing 53.49% calcium oxide and 0.76% magnesium oxide. The content of calcium oxide in Xiaohekou limestone mine in this town is 53.98%; The content of magnesium oxide is 0.4 1%, which belongs to the first-class ore and is the raw material for producing high-grade cement, smelting calcium carbide, calcium carbonate and lime. The mining area has convenient transportation, 20 kilometers away from Danjiang, and "Yun Dan" expressway passes through the mining area.

There are five dolomite mines with total reserves of 654.38 billion tons. The mines are located in Yangshan, Sanchakou, Liulin, Bawangzhai and Cliff House. Sanchakou Mine in Liangshuihe Town has the best quality, with the average content of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide reaching 565,438 0.46%, exceeding the ministerial standard by more than 49%, and the content of acid-insoluble substances (including silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide and manganese tetroxide) reaching 65,438 0.89%, which is below the ministerial standard by 4%, so it belongs to the all-round super class. Ore is a good raw material for developing building materials, and can also be used to produce refractories (flux for smelting steel), refined magnesium (component for refining glass and ceramics) and mixed fertilizers.

water

Generally speaking, the situation of water resources in our city is less self-produced water, more transit water and larger water holding capacity. The city's self-produced water is about 65.438 billion cubic meters, with an average water output of 320,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, which is lower than the provincial average of 530,000 cubic meters, 39.6%, and higher than the national average of 280,000 cubic meters, 654.38+04.3%. The per capita water consumption is about 2,400 cubic meters, which is higher than the provincial average of 2,094 cubic meters 14.6% and lower than the national average of 2,637 cubic meters (9%). The average water consumption per mu of cultivated land is about 2500 cubic meters, which is higher than the provincial average 1.6% and higher than the national average 1.826 cubic meters by 36.9%. Judging from the above three control indicators, the number of resources in our city is at a medium level.

The water resources in our city are about 27.546 billion cubic meters, most of which come from Hanjiang River and Danjiang River. Together with the local surface runoff resources, the river runoff resources in our city are 28.5438+0.2 billion cubic meters. The water quality in the city is good, the salinity is low, the ph value and total hardness are moderate, and the main ion content in the water body is generally within the normal range. The river bed of the main river system has a large drop, with an accumulated water energy reserve of 55,000 kilowatts and an exploitable amount of about 20,000 kilowatts. Now it is only 16.5%, and there is great potential for further development.

land

The total land area of the city is 4.6810.5 million mu. By the end of 1997, the land area was 3.9223 million mu, and the water area (including the water surface, beach and water fluctuation zone of Danjiang Reservoir) was 759.2 million mu, accounting for 83.8% and10.6% of the total area respectively. Basically, it is the surface structure of "eight points, two points". In the land area, there are 3,496,200 mu of agricultural land such as cultivated land, garden land, woodland, pasture land and alpine rush land, and 202 1 10,000 mu of non-agricultural land such as towns, industries, transportation, commerce, residential areas and ancient buildings. There are 224,000 mu of barren hills, wasteland, gravel and rock irrigation land. They account for 89. 1%, 5.2% and 5.7% of the national territory respectively; Among the agricultural land, 29 1.7 million mu of cultivated land, citrus, hawthorn, navel orange, tea and all kinds of fruits 1.7 million mu, and 2,422,400 mu of economic forest, timber forest, firewood forest, various young forests, sparse forest and forestry nursery have been converted into pasture and sporadic grassland. Basically, it belongs to forestry, followed by grassland and grassland, with the least agricultural land. The city's forest coverage rate is 64.5%.

The proportion of water area in the whole city is relatively high in the whole province (the average in the whole province is 9.6%). It is mainly influenced by Danjiang Reservoir. Among the 759,200 mu of water in the city, there are 520,000 mu of Danjiang Reservoir, accounting for 68%. Among the 20 township offices in the city, the proportion of water area is not consistent, and there is a big disparity. According to the proportion of water area to the total area: Zhou Jun Road, Daba Office, Baiyangping, Dagou, Yanchi River, Guanshan, Tuguanyia, Luodian, Haoping Township, Langhe and Dingjiaying Town are less than10%; 10-20% has three towns: Sanguandian, Liu Liping and Wudang Mountain; 20-30% have Xijiadian and Liangshuihe Town; More than 365,438+0% are Zhao Dan Road Office, Ogawa, Niuhe and Tutai Township.

Soil type:

Due to the natural geographical conditions such as climate, parent rock, topography, hydrology and vegetation, and social and economic conditions such as building water conservancy, reforming farming system, popularizing technical measures, leveling land and improving soil fertility, the data of soil survey in our city show that there are 6 soil types, 12 subcategories, 39 soil genera, 106 soil types,/kloc. Among them: yellow brown soil is rich and widely used; There are a lot of calcareous soil, mainly distributed in Jiangbei.

Influence of topography on soil formation: topography directly affects the redistribution of parent material, the formation and distribution of soil, and also affects the change of pool climate biota.

Our city belongs to a strong uplift area that has risen greatly since Cenozoic. The northwest-southeast strike of tongluozhai and Taibai Rock is consistent with the stratigraphic strike, and most of them are Qinling first-class strata. Jiangbei is a part of Indosinian fold system. The ups and downs of mountains of different sizes, mainly Wudang Mountain, constitute a terrain in which the southwest is higher than the northwest, the southeast is higher than the northeast, and slightly inclines to the east. Below 500M is hilly plain, above 500M is low mountain, and the area above 1000 m is small, only Wudang Mountain.

(1) The banks of the Hanjiang River and its tributaries: the vast area with an altitude of 300 meters to 500 meters covers an area of 3,439170.7 mu, accounting for 73.36% of the total area of the city, including 403,336.8 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 84.46% of the total cultivated land area of the city. Most slopes above 20 degrees develop into mountain yellow brown soil; The slope deposit at the lower part of the hillside is the main area of yellow brown soil in our city. There are two different kinds of soil: purple soil and lime soil. Flat terrain, more Pingchuan, surface water collection, good soil and water conditions, deep soil layer, strong water and fertilizer conservation ability and good farming performance. It is the main producing area of grain and citrus in our city.

(2) The foothills of Wudang Mountain and tongluozhai in the north of the Yangtze River: the altitude is between 500- 1200m. Area 124288 1 mu, accounting for 26.5 1% of the total soil area, including 74 163.5 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 15.53% of the total cultivated land area in the city. Most of them are about 30 degrees or dry land distributed on the hillside. As the terrain rises, the temperature decreases, the humidity increases, the agricultural land decreases and the soil color becomes darker. The high terrain and steep slope are severely scoured, and the soil layer is shallow, with gravel and unweathered cuttings. Most of the natural vegetation is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which is the main producing area of wood and economic forest in our city. The main crops are corn and wheat.

(3) Mountainous area of Wudang Mountain: The elevation of Wudang Mountain is above 1200M, with an area of 5942mu, accounting for 0. 13% of the total area, and the cultivated land is 9 1 mu, accounting for 0.0 1% of the total area. Due to the high mountains, high rain and low temperature, the winter cold lasts for more than 227 days, and spring and autumn are connected. The annual accumulated temperature of > > 10℃ is only about 3000℃, plant residues can't be completely decomposed, and more organic matter is accumulated, but nutrients are not easily released, and there is basically no crop growth.

In particular, Wudang Mountain has steep slopes, rugged rocks, lush forests, rich plants, towering ancient trees, precious medicinal materials such as golden hairpin, gastrodia elata, notoginseng, wild animal and plant resources such as roe deer, monkey, antelope, leopard and rare giant salamander.