What does the mechanism of natural disasters mean?

Atmospheric physical states and phenomena are called meteorology. Such as wind, lightning, thunder, frost, snow, etc. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events that can be explained by meteorology. These events are determined by the variable factors in the earth's atmosphere, which are temperature, air pressure, water vapor, gradient and the interaction among them.

"Meteorology", in layman's terms, refers to all atmospheric physical phenomena such as wind, clouds, rain, snow, frost, dew, rainbow, halo, lightning, thunder and so on. "Weather" refers to the comprehensive situation that affects the instantaneous meteorological characteristics of human activities. For example, we can say: "Today the weather is fine, sunny and sunny, with clear skies in Wan Li;" Yesterday the weather was terrible, there was a storm "and so on.

Meteorology is a subject that takes the atmosphere as the research object, explains the characteristics of the atmosphere from both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and focuses on the study of the weather conditions and changing laws of the atmosphere and the weather forecast. Meteorology is a branch of atmospheric science.

The first person to establish meteorology was the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. He described and explained the weather phenomena such as wind, clouds, rain, snow, thunder and hail for the first time in his book Meteorology, which is the earliest meteorological work in the world. Until 18- 19 century, due to the development of physical chemistry and the continuous invention of measuring instruments such as air pressure, temperature, humidity and wind, atmospheric science research entered the stage of quantitative analysis from simple description. 1820, Budrin, a German, drew the first surface weather map, which initiated modern weather analysis and forecasting methods. 1835, French Coriolis put forward the concept of wind deflection, and 1857, Dutch C. H. D. Buys Ballot put forward the relationship between wind and air pressure, and their concepts became the basis of atmospheric dynamics and weather analysis.

Meteorology is a subject that studies the laws of occurrence and change of various weather phenomena in the atmosphere and how to use these laws to forecast the weather. The word "meteorology" comes from western countries, and its original meaning is overview or bird's eye view, that is, drawing the meteorological data observed by meteorological stations in various regions in a large range on a blank map for comprehensive analysis. At the same time, it also cooperates with the analysis of meteorological satellite detection data to make weather forecast.

Meteorological science is an applied discipline which combines theory with practice closely. The development of meteorology began with the demand of agriculture and navigation for weather forecast, and accurate weather forecast has always been the main goal of meteorological research. Because of the complexity of controlling atmospheric motion factors and the randomness of atmospheric motion itself, weather forecast is not as accurate as that of the sun, moon and stars, but it is basically practical and plays an important role in economic construction. Especially since 1950s, due to the application of computers and meteorological satellites, the accuracy of weather forecast has been greatly improved.

Synoptic science is a discipline that summarizes the laws or models of synoptic science based on actual observation data and studies it on the theoretical basis of dynamic meteorology. Meteorology differs from physics. Most weather phenomena cannot be observed in the laboratory. On the contrary, the whole atmosphere should be regarded as a "laboratory". On the basis of collecting a large number of observation data from all over the world, we should use weather maps and other tools to carry out research.

Meteorological science is a local discipline. Due to the fluidity of the atmosphere, the weather changes in different places are closely related. Even though there are many universal laws, due to different geographical factors, the weather in different places has its own characteristics. Therefore, in meteorological research, we should not only consider the movement law of the whole atmosphere, but also consider the great influence of local factors such as geography, topography and land and sea distribution.

Meteorology mainly studies atmospheric circulation, weather system, weather process and other atmospheric motion phenomena, and comprehensively summarizes the laws of atmospheric motion; Study the structure, occurrence, development and movement of weather systems at different scales in the atmosphere, and establish physical images of the occurrence and development of various weather systems; Study the interaction between various weather systems, the physical mechanism of atmospheric circulation and the evolution of weather processes; Study the weather forecast method, that is, according to the analysis of weather maps and other related tools, study how to predict the future weather in various places.

The study of meteorology is based on meteorological observation data, so meteorological observation is the basis of its development. The phenomenon of atmospheric movement discovered by synoptics provides a research topic for dynamic meteorology. The research results of dynamic meteorology provide a theoretical basis for meteorological research and are directly applied to weather forecast.

Meteorology is different from climatology. Meteorology mainly studies instantaneous atmospheric physical phenomena and their short-term changes, while climatology mainly studies long-term average atmospheric physical phenomena and their long-term changes. But they are interrelated, for example, weather climatology is the product of the combination of the two. Weather forecast has promoted the development of applied meteorology for friends from all walks of life. However, various requirements in applied meteorology promote the research and development of meteorology.

With the development of remote sensing technology, the increasing detection data and the wide application of high-speed computers, meteorology will develop in a more in-depth, comprehensive and theoretical direction.

Meteorological themes and phenomena

Clouds and air masses

Classification of clouds: low clouds, medium clouds, high clouds and straight clouds.

Weather forecast: precipitation, air pressure, dew point, front and rapids.

Cyclone and anticyclone: hurricane or typhoon

Hurricane photographed by the International Space Station

extratropical cyclone

subtropical high

tornado

Lightning, thunder, hail, tornado, atmospheric convection, hail storm

Climate, El Nino, La Nina

Monsoon, flood, drought

Weather phenomena: precipitation, fog, snow, rain, fog, dew, frost, squall, sleet, sandstorm, aurora, shower, graupel, hail, ice particles, haze, tornado and ice needle.

Others: snowstorm, rainstorm,

Meteorological measuring instruments and equipment

Anemometer, anemometer, barometer, hygrometer, thermometer, radar, satellite, Doppler radar, rain gauge, weather vane.

Meteorological disaster

The direct or indirect damage caused by the atmosphere to human life and property, national economic construction and national defense construction is called meteorological disaster. It is one of the major natural disasters.

Meteorological disasters are characterized by:

1, many kinds. Other disasters mainly include rainstorm and flood, drought, tropical cyclone, frost and low temperature, wind and hail, continuous rain and fog, sandstorm and so on. It can reach dozens or even hundreds.

2, a wide range, meteorological disasters may occur all year round; Whether in mountainous areas, plains, plateaus, islands, rivers, lakes, oceans and air, meteorological disasters are everywhere.

3. High frequency. 1950- 1988 in the past 38 years, China has experienced various disasters such as drought, flood and typhoon every year, with an average of 7.5 droughts and 5.8 floods each year and 6.9 tropical cyclones landing in China.

4. Long duration. "The same disaster often happens season after season, year after year. For example, 195 1- 1980, and the drought year in North China is 14.

5. Group sending is outstanding. Some disasters often occur in many areas at the same time, such as thunderstorms, hail, strong winds, tornadoes and other strong convective weather, which often appear in groups in March and May every year. In April 1972, 1522, hail occurred in more than 350 counties and cities in Liaoning to Guangdong * *, 16 provinces and regions, and severe weather such as strong winds and tornadoes occurred in some areas.

6. The chain reaction is remarkable. Weather and climate conditions often trigger or aggravate natural disasters such as floods, mudslides, pests and diseases, and have a chain reaction.

7. The disaster is serious. According to 1947- 1980 published by the United Nations, the number of deaths caused by natural disasters in the world is 12 13000, of which 6 1% is caused by meteorological disasters.

-

I hope it helps you. ...