The season with the worst air pollution is coming. Is the smog from the north?

This past weekend, the central and northern parts of Zhejiang, such as Hangjiahu, suffered from severe smog since this autumn. 1 day, China Meteorological Bureau announced that since this year, 13 provinces and cities, including Zhejiang, have the largest number of haze days in the same period in history. Most importantly, this Thursday, the season with the worst air pollution since beginning of winter is coming.

Tian Xudong, a senior engineer at the Testing Center of the Provincial Environmental Protection Department, predicts that the air pollution situation in our province this winter will not be much different from last year, that is, the air quality will hardly improve. AQI is the abbreviation of ambient air quality index, and it is a new air quality evaluation standard issued by the state in March 20 12. There are six pollutants monitored: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM 10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide and ozone, and the data is updated every hour. AQI gives a unified evaluation standard for these six pollutants.

AQI in Shaoxing and Zhuji reached serious pollution.

If you have a high-rise house with a wide view in Hangzhou, you will definitely see this kind of scenery in front of the window these two days-the world is gloomy and high-rise buildings are hiding in the haze. Because I'm worried that the dirty particles mixed in the air will upset my travel plans or mood. Such foggy weather is hard to avoid sighing.

At 5 pm yesterday, the page of the environmental quality data release platform of the website of the Provincial Environmental Protection Department showed that the air quality index (AQI) in most parts of the central and northern parts of the province was 100, which was above light pollution. The monitoring stations in Quzhou, Pujiang, Shangyu and Shaoxing were moderately polluted, and the AQI of Shaoxing County Government and Zhuji Transportation Management Office were 2 14 and 2 18, respectively, which reached severe pollution.

Except Xixi and Yun Qi, the air quality in Hangzhou is good, and the rest are lightly polluted.

The air quality is excellent (AQI is lower than 50), and it is concentrated in Zhoushan, Taizhou, Wenzhou and the south of Lishui.

But looking at the whole country, the smog in Zhejiang is still slight.

Compared with Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other places, which are 1000 kilometers away from us, they are suffering from severe smog attacks, and various places have sounded alarms. For example, yesterday, the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing reached the level of five-level heavy pollution. There is a joke on the internet that the visibility in Beijing is only 5-6 meters, and bus drivers don't even know if they are driving in the wrong direction.

Why are many places in central and northern Zhejiang shrouded in smog?

According to the Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory, the recent haze weather was caused by heavy fog. It rained in the whole province on the night of the 2nd, which increased the humidity of the air near the ground. The morning after the rain is partly cloudy and windless, so the probability of fog is very high.

Fog itself is not pollution, but under this stable condition, pollutants in the air are not easy to spread outward, which is easy to cause agglomeration effect. Coupled with the recent "poor" performance of cold air, the weather situation is calm and stable, and the temperature rises again. The "dirty things" in the air cannot be blown away in time, which makes the air pollution more and more serious, and many places in central and northern Zhejiang are shrouded in smog.

Tian Xudong also attributed the recent air pollution to weather diffusion conditions. At present, Zhejiang is in the alternating period of autumn and winter. Before the arrival of cold air, there is no wind, the air is still and the humidity is high, which is easy to form smog and lead to poor air quality.

He said that if cold air comes or rains recently, it can effectively reduce air pollution.

According to the forecast of China Meteorological Bureau, it is still difficult to get rid of the smog in the central and eastern regions in the first half of June from 5438+065438+ 10.

The smog in Zhejiang was the highest in the same period.

According to the news released by China Meteorological Bureau, the average number of haze days in China is 196 1, with Zhejiang, Hebei, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces and cities being the highest in the same period in history.

Since June 10, the number of days between central and northern Zhejiang and Henan, Jiangsu, northern Anhui, Beijing and Tianjin has reached10-15; Southeast Shanxi, most of Henan and most of Jiangsu reach 15-20 days, and some areas exceed 20 days.

Compared with the same period of the year, the number of haze days in central Zhejiang and southern Hunan, Beijing, Tianjin and other places is 5- 10 more; Among them, northern Jiangsu and central Henan are more than 15 days, and some areas are more than 15 days.

Last winter, from 65438+February to 65438+1October, Zhejiang experienced frequent smog and heavy air pollution. What's the situation this year? Tian Xudong said that since last year, air quality problems such as PM2.5 have aroused great concern in society, and the government is also making great efforts to control pollution. However, he believes that the air quality in our province this winter will not be much different from last year.

He pointed out that air pollution is caused by climate, industrial pollution emissions, automobile exhaust and other factors, and it is a long-term process to control air pollution. Under the background of climate change, the air quality changes relatively little throughout the year. In winter, the diffusion conditions of pollutants are poor, the temperature is low, the vertical diffusion height of the atmosphere is relatively low, and the space for diluting pollutants is relatively small.

Is the smog from the north?

Haze is very similar to fog. They are brothers in meteorology. The water content above 90% is called fog, and the water content below 80% is called haze.

The frequent occurrence of smog in autumn and winter in Zhejiang is mainly due to the poor atmospheric diffusion conditions this season. In addition, regardless of the size of the city, the pollutant emissions of energy consumption required by local transportation, life and production are constantly accumulating at low altitude.

There is more and more smog in Zhejiang. Is it from the north?

Tian Xudong believes that there is a certain relationship, and it does not rule out the possibility that air pollutants in the north will spread to Zhejiang through atmospheric transportation. With the alternation of seasons, the northwest wind increases, which means that pollutants may also spread from north to south with the southward movement of cold air.

The person in charge of the provincial meteorological observatory said that it is still impossible to get a qualitative answer. Because we should pay attention to the rigorous scientific attitude, it needs to rely on the sum of various observation factors and indicators, which belongs to scientific research topics and needs enough time to accumulate. Yesterday, the most popular commodity in the small commodity area of Ke Qiao clothing market in Shaoxing was a mask.

"Before the stall is closed, hundreds of masks are sold almost." Ms. Wang, the stall owner, said that the guests who came to buy masks didn't ask her which mask had a good warm effect before, but asked which one could better block the dust.

Medical disposable masks, gauze masks and cotton cartoon masks are placed on the shelves of each booth. Among them, gauze masks are divided into two categories: sterilized and unsterilized, with 10, 15 and 20 layers.

Ms. Wang, the stall owner, said that among the three types of masks, the best-selling one is the ordinary gauze mask that is not sterilized. The more layers, the better the protection effect. Suitable for people who are active in the open air for a long time, and can block dust and pollen in the air. Sold by the package, each package is 10, and the price is between 15-20 yuan.

Cotton cartoon masks are relatively poor, blocking large particles of dust, which means they are more beautiful to wear.

There is a sign hanging in the booth, which reads "anti-smog, buy a special mask for PM2.5". Boss Luo, the stall owner, said that he sells PM2.5 masks, activated carbon filter and three-layer high-efficiency filter cloth, one in 38 yuan, and he can sell 40 or 50 masks every day. He also wanted to buy N95 masks, but the purchase price was high, so he didn't buy them.

In Yiwu Futian Market, there are more than 100 shops specializing in mask business.

"The production process of protective masks is complicated and the defective rate is relatively high. The original manufacturer was unwilling to do it, and now he can't stand the hot business and is following up. " Mr. Chen, who has been engaged in mask business for four years, imported 100 kinds of protective masks from Guangdong this year.

He used to make warm masks, but his business was average. Now that he has changed his protective mask, many wholesalers take the initiative to find you. "There are many wholesalers in the north and people who open stores online."

Yesterday at 4: 23 pm, Yiwu Futian Market was about to close, and Ms. Xu was still picking up two Taobao stores. The sales of protective masks can be described as "blowout".

She made a rough calculation of the sales for the day. In Beijing and Shijiazhuang, a * * * sold more than 30 thousand. "How much did the other party say on the phone?"

Xiao Li, who is doing online shop business in Qingkou, Yiwu, arrived at Ms. Xu's shop at two o'clock in the afternoon and waited until four o'clock to get the mask of 1000. "I am a household product, and now I mainly push the mask."

Xiao Li opened his Taobao shop and looked at "selling goods". "Selling protective masks alone earns at least two thousand a day."

In the market, about 10 stores sell protective masks. I visited six of them, all of which have brands, and the production date and manufacturer are marked on the packaging bags.

However, there are many problems with the delicate filter materials of protective masks.

The proprietress of a shop said that the protective mask was made in her factory and the unfiltered membrane was imported from Guangzhou. "What material is not clear, also didn't write in the manual. The manufacturer said that it has the function of protecting PM2.5. "

According to the filters of protective masks sold in the market, the material generally says "activated carbon filter", and some filters that claim to have a filtering performance of more than 99% do not specify what material they are made of.

Boss Zhang, who has been doing mask business for many years, said, "Now there are some shops on the market that wear protective masks. They made clothes in early years, and the performance of filters was mixed. No one knows whether those masks are useful. "

The air quality is satisfactory and there is basically no air pollution; All kinds of people can move normally. Shaoxing protective masks are out of stock. The air quality in Yiwu is acceptable, but some pollutants may have a slight impact on the health of a very small number of extremely sensitive people. Very few people who are extremely sensitive should reduce outdoor activities.

How many masks do you need? The symptoms of susceptible people are slightly aggravated, and the healthy people have irritating symptoms. Children, the elderly and patients with heart disease and respiratory diseases should reduce long-term and high-intensity outdoor exercise to further aggravate the symptoms of susceptible people, which may have an impact on the heart and respiratory system of healthy people; Children, the elderly and patients with heart disease and respiratory diseases should avoid long-term and high-intensity outdoor sports, and the general population should moderately reduce outdoor sports. The symptoms of patients with heart disease and lung disease are obviously aggravated, and their exercise tolerance is reduced. The symptoms are common in healthy people. Children, the elderly and patients with heart disease and lung disease should stay indoors and stop outdoor sports. The general population will reduce outdoor exercise, the exercise tolerance of healthy people will be reduced, the symptoms will be obvious and strong, and some diseases will appear in advance; Children, the elderly and patients should stay indoors to avoid physical exertion, and the general population should avoid outdoor activities.