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This is the work record of a northwest meteorologist at that time: "It's sunny today. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, a strong wind suddenly blew, and the hurricane rolled up dust and formed a sandstorm wall about 400 meters high, coming from west to east. The instantaneous maximum wind speed is 34m/s, and the wind power reaches 12. Within 20 minutes, it will be dark and visibility will drop to zero. The sandstorm wall is divided into three layers from bottom to top. The first layer is yellow dust, and paper and plastic bags flying in the dust can be clearly seen at high altitude. The second layer is orange-red dust, which is much stronger and denser. The third layer is dark brown, and each layer has a spherical dust ball rolling violently, making a dull roar ... "

This is not the scene of the atomic bomb explosion, but the documentary of1993 "5.5" black storm. 1On May 4th, 1993, this extraordinary sandstorm started from the western border of Xinjiang and passed through western Gansu, north-central Ningxia and western Inner Mongolia. This storm is like a mushroom cloud after the atomic bomb explosion, rolling violently and flying sand and stones. At that time, whether indoors or outdoors, the wind roared, as if the sky were falling and the end was coming. Unfortunately, people were unprepared for its arrival.

Every May, farmers in Hexi Corridor will begin to prepare for farming. 1993, the spring here is much warmer than before, making the land completely dry and loose. On May 3, 4000 kilometers away, the last strong cold air process of this year was generated in Karakulhu region of Central Asia, and it quickly went south. After passing through several big vents in Xinjiang, it enters the Hexi Corridor. It didn't attract attention at first. Meteorological stations in Hexi area and Gansu Provincial Meteorological Observatory accurately predicted the weather process.

On May 4th, the forecast made by Jinchang Meteorological Bureau was that there would be 5-6 northwest winds in Jinchang the next day, accompanied by dusty weather.

In fact, it is sunny from May 5 to the afternoon, and it is particularly hot after noon.

Afterwards, experts from the National Meteorological Administration found from the satellite cloud image at noon on May 5 12 that there was a small white spot in the Qilian Mountains west of Jiuquan and Zhangye, which was a rapidly developing and destructive air mass.

According to experts, this mesoscale cloud cluster can produce a very strong upward movement, because this upward movement can transport a lot of dust into the sky, and its strongest time is from 14 to 16, that is, when the ground temperature rises strongest in the afternoon. "

By two o'clock in the afternoon, the deadly storm entered the middle section of Hexi Corridor. At this time, the bare Gobi desert began to radiate heat into the air, and the lowest temperature in the core area of the storm has reached MINUS 55 degrees. The air and the surface began to exchange heat rapidly, which increased the rolling speed and destructive power of the storm. At this time, the wind increased to 10, and the sand wall rose to 100 meters. The strongest black storm in the sandstorm formed. Although meteorological satellites recorded the whole process of the storm, the meteorological stations in Hexi area could not get these data in time.

At 3: 42 pm, the black storm arrived in Jinchang, Gansu. The most unfortunate thing happened when the black wind entered the city. The storm chose a place where it should not pass. At that time, 340,000 tons of dusty industrial tailings were thrown into the sky in an instant, and the height of the sand wall suddenly exceeded 400 meters.

The sky was completely dark in an instant. On the afternoon of May 5th, Jinchang experienced two opaque nights of ***3 1 minute. Fortunately, there were no casualties because the disaster occurred during the time of going to work and going to school. At this time, the storm continued to advance to the southeast. For more people, the disaster has not yet begun.

The next stop of sandstorm is Wuwei. On the afternoon of May 5th 16: 30, it was the time for primary schools in Wuwei to start school, and many children began to go home.

16: 45 A black storm rushed into the center of Wuwei, instantly turning the day in Wuwei into night. The black wind blew so fast that the dolls lost their way home.

Children in Xinzhong Village, No.2 Dam District, Wuwei pass through a canal every day when they come home from school. When the black wind came, the tragedy happened when the new primary and secondary school 15 children aged about 7 just arrived here ... It was the season of watering the land, and the water in the canal was flowing very fast. The water depth of 1. 1 m was a disaster for the 7-year-old children.

17, the sandstorm turned to Gulang.

17: 50, a sandstorm broke into Jingtai.

19: 26, sandstorm hit Ningxia Zhongwei. ...

On May 6th, the wanton dust finally stopped and showed its fruitful results. On the afternoon of May 5th, it was just four hours, passing through Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 18 prefectures and cities. In Jinchang, Wuwei and Gulang counties, 85 people were killed, 264 people were injured, 3 1 person was missing, affecting an area of1000000 square kilometers, and more than 370000 hectares of cultivated land were buried by the dust brought by the black wind. The direct economic loss caused by this disaster is as high as 560 million yuan. However, compared with the scars it left in people's hearts, it is insignificant.

Other sandstorm disasters:

According to statistics, there were eight sandstorms in China in 1960s, three in 1970s 14 in 1980s14, and more than 20 in 1990s, and the scope of sandstorms became wider and wider with heavy losses.

The main gale and sandstorm weather in China since 1990s are introduced as follows:

1993: It is windy in the north from April to early May. From April 19 to May 8, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia were successively hit by strong winds and sandstorms. On May 5-6, eastern Xinjiang, Hexi in Gansu, most of Ningxia and western Inner Mongolia were hit by severe sandstorms, causing serious losses.

1994: From April 6, strong winds blew from Mongolia and western Inner Mongolia, and the dust in the northern desert Gobi was lifted by the wind and floated over the Hexi Corridor, and the loess lasted for several days.

1 995:165438+1On 7 October, more than 40 counties (cities) in Shandong were hit by heavy rain, with 35 people killed, 12 1 missing, 320 injured and direct economic losses/kloc-0.

1996: On May 29th and 30th, 1965, the worst sandstorm swept the west of Hexi Corridor. The black wind suddenly broke out, the world was closed, the dust filled, the trees collapsed, and people had difficulty breathing. The direct economic loss in Jiuquan area, which suffered the most, reached more than 200 million yuan.

1998: On April 5, the central and western Inner Mongolia, southwestern Ningxia and Hexi Corridor in Gansu were hit by strong sandstorms, which affected a wide range, including Beijing, Jinan, Nanjing and Hangzhou. On April 19, Tutanto Basin in northern and eastern Xinjiang was hit by a strong wind with an instantaneous wind force of 12, and some areas were accompanied by dust. The devastating typhoon caused a lot of property losses, with 6 people dead, 44 missing and 256 injured. 19 In the early morning of May 1, northern Xinjiang was suddenly hit by strong winds. The wind power in the tuyere areas such as Alashankou and Tacheng reaches 9 to 10, and the instantaneous wind speed reaches 32 meters per second. The winds in other areas generally reach 6 to 7. Strong winds blew down trees and cut off power lines in some areas.

1999: From April 3rd to 4th, there were continuous strong winds and sandstorms in Hohhot for two consecutive days. Sandstorms range from the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the south of Tongliao City in the east, with instantaneous wind speed 16 meters per second. Maximum wind force in Dalat Banner of Yikezhao League 10.

2000: On March 22-23, there was a large-scale dusty weather in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and some dust was carried over Beijing by strong winds, which aggravated the degree of sand blowing. On March 27th, the sandstorm hit Beijing again, and the instantaneous wind force in some areas reached 8-9. Seven workers who were working on the roof of a two-story building in Anxiangli Community were blown down by strong winds, and two of them died on the spot. Some billboards were blown down by strong winds, causing pedestrian injuries and vehicle damage.

2002: From March 18 to March/2 1 day, a sandstorm weather process with the largest scope, strongest intensity, the most serious impact and the longest duration since the 1990s, attacked China North1400,000 square kilometers and affected the population1300,000.

On March 20 12 10, the first strong sandstorm occurred in Hotan area of Xinjiang this year, and some counties and cities experienced black winds. Some locals say that visibility is almost zero at worst. As of 19: 00, Hotan City is still in a dark state. 18, the strong sandstorm has reached Qira county, and it is expected to reach Minfeng county on 2/kloc-0, covering more than 500 kilometers.

At March 18, 2065 438+09, there were sand blowing or sandstorms in the northern and eastern parts of southern Xinjiang basin, central and northern Qinghai, central Gansu, northern Ningxia, northwestern Shaanxi, central and western Inner Mongolia and northwestern Hebei. Among them, strong sandstorms with visibility less than 500 meters appeared in Ejina Banner, Hailisu Banner, He Lin, Urad Zhongqi Banner and Qinghai Lenghu in Inner Mongolia.

20 10 On the afternoon of April 24th 12, the biggest sandstorm in seventeen years since May 5th, 1993 hit the whole Hexi Corridor, and it reached Jiuquan at about 14: 30, and Zhangye at about 16: 00./kloc-0. It is speculated that the black storm will arrive in North China around the early hours of the morning, or weaken into a sandstorm.

On April 24th, 20 10 19: 09, strong winds and sandstorms occurred in Minqin County. The maximum wind speed reached 18.4 m/s (level 8), the instantaneous maximum wind speed was 28 m/s (level 10), and the minimum visibility was 0 m. Suddenly, I couldn't see my fingers. It is still going on as of press time. It is predicted that the gale and sandstorm will last for three hours.