Customs and human feelings in Xiapu County

Xiapu Sansha Town is located in the protruding part of the northeast coast of Fujian, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the sea on one side, with a land area of 63.6 square kilometers and a total population of 45,000. The main residential areas are distributed along the coastline, including Yi 'ao, Er 'ao, San 'ao, Si 'ao, Wu 'ao, Dong 'ao and Western Australia. Most houses are built on the hill, which is a beautiful coastal town.

Minnan people are one of the earliest developers here. Most Sansha people migrated from southern Fujian three or four hundred years ago. After their ancestors came to Sansha to go to sea, they took root here like "Haijiading" (mangrove forest), and their "ancestors" were "Minnan ancestors". The earliest Minnan people who moved to Sansha were Zhangpu fishermen, who probably came to Sansha during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. They found that Sansha Port is rich in fishery resources, rich in large yellow flowers, small yellow flowers, hairtail, fish and other offshore economic fish, so they often sail here to fish for shelter from the wind. They didn't see anyone, so they built a simple wooden house on the shore as a foothold. They live longer and longer, get used to it and become "permanent residents". Then fishermen from all over the coast of southern Fujian settled in Sansha.

Although Sansha people speak authentic Minnan dialect, fishermen from Hui 'an, Jinjiang, Anxi, Zhangpu, Longhai and other places have gathered during hundreds of years of immigration. The Minnan dialects in these places have their own different accents, and the Minnan dialects in various places have formed their own accents after several runs-in in Sansha.

Among many customs, the most typical one is "respect" for fishing boats, because it is the most important production tool for fishermen. Fishing boats must wear red clothes when they return to Hong Kong years ago. Except the flag, every important part of the fishing boat should be decorated. The bow is labeled with the word "Fu", the eye of the ship is labeled with the color of dzi, the main mast is labeled with "Air supply for profit", the stern is labeled with "Ocean going out", and the rudder surface is labeled with "Commander of hosts". The Narcissus Gate (the door on both sides of the ship for goods to enter and exit) should be inserted with branches tied with red lines to ward off evil spirits. Fishing boats have modern equipment, but the custom that originated from wooden sailboats has been inherited.

Like the coastal people in southern Fujian, the "God" that Sansha fishermen worship most is Mazu, the goddess of the sea. Lin Ruizhi said: "There is a saying in Minnan dialect that' riding on a boat is divided into three parts'. In the past, fishing boats were small and had poor wind and wave resistance. "Weather forecast" can only rely on experience, but after all, it has limitations. They pinned greater hopes on the protection of Mazu. " According to Lin Ruizhi, in addition to the Tianhou Palace dedicated to Mazu, Sansha also has Guandi Temple and Jiushi Palace (dedicated to King Guangli).

On the Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, winter solstice and other major folk festivals, Sansha people behave exactly like Minnan people. On July 29th of the lunar calendar, Sansha people will go to Purdue, which is also a typical southern Fujian custom. There is no other place in Xiapu County except Sansha. As for the custom that the bride and groom have to go through the wind furnace to get married, and the children will be given red "shaved eggs" at the full moon, Sansha is also a replica of southern Fujian. There are many villagers of She nationality living in Yangjiaxi area, and the life and customs of She nationality here are particularly strong. Guanyinge Village, located in the middle reaches, is the main gathering place of She youth in Xiapu, Fuding, Fu 'an, Pingyang, Taishun and Cangnan in Zhejiang Province. She people have two special "Duige Festival" programs every year, namely the 15th day of the first month and the Dragon Boat Festival (the first "Chen Festival" after summer every year). Every festival, the girls and boys of the She nationality in the surrounding areas should deliberately dress up, put on the gorgeous holiday costumes of the She nationality, come from all directions early, or write poems or sing songs, and choose their lovers with songs.

Guanyinge Village in Ban Ling is the only existing She ancient building in the province. The pavilion was built in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, which has been more than 600 years since. The horizontal plaques on the gate are Guanyin Pavilion and couplets, written by the late Xia calligrapher You Shou. The couplet is "Ban Ling Pavilion welcomes Fujian and Zhejiang guests, Putuo Buddha helps Funing people." There is an octagonal pavilion in the center of the temple, in which stands a statue of Guanyin, which is 1.2 meters high. Its former monument is "FengYue Xian Monument", which is described in this paper as the road from Funing Prefecture to Tianjin, with abnormal boundary and clean and complicated. This hall is dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha, the founder of THE TEMPLE OF JIALAN and Buddhism. Outside the pavilion, a fortress is built around the pavilion in the southeast, with a total length of 148 meters and a height of 5.4 meters. There is a square watchtower at the southern end of the battlements, and a circular gate imitating the cantilever bars of Shi Gan in the Song Dynasty is on the Jintong stone steps at the eastern end. The door is 2 meters high, and the lintel is engraved with "Guanyin Pavilion Village" in regular script. In the Qing Dynasty, Funing Prefecture sent soldiers to guard here many times.