Kaifeng chrysanthemum detailed information daquan

Kaifeng Chrysanthemum, a specialty of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, is a geographical indication of agricultural products in China.

Kaifeng City is located in Huanghuai Plain, and the soil quality is mainly composed of double composite soil and sandy loam. It has a continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and a large temperature difference between day and night. The annual humidity coefficient is 0.7- 1.0, the annual precipitation is 634 mm, and the frost-free period is 187 days. Southeast wind is dominant in summer and autumn, and northeast wind is dominant in winter and spring. North of the Yellow River, there are abundant groundwater resources, and the climate and soil conditions are suitable for chrysanthemum growth. Kaifeng chrysanthemum has many varieties, rich shapes, plump and symmetrical plant types, neat flower heads, even flowers, full dark green leaves, bright colors and diverse colors. Kaifeng chrysanthemum has a large yield, no pests and diseases, unified plant type, large flowers and rich varieties.

On July 4th, 2009, People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Agriculture officially approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products of Kaifeng Chrysanthemum.

Chinese Name: Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Origin Name: Kaifeng City, Henan Province Quality Features: Variety and rich modeling Geographical Indications: Geographical Indications of Agricultural Products of the Ministry of Agriculture? ApprovalNo.: AnnouncementNo. 1236 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2009. Date of approval: July 2009 14. The product characteristics, production environment, historical origin, production situation, product honor, geographical indications, geographical protection scope, quality and technical requirements, product characteristics and so on are summarized. Kaifeng chrysanthemum has a variety of varieties, rich shapes, plump and symmetrical plant types, neat flower heads and even flowers. The wide application of grafting, pressure plate and hormone technology makes the whole chrysanthemum plant robust, highly consistent and free from pests and diseases. In addition, the application of light control makes chrysanthemum break the fate that autumn chrysanthemum can bloom all year round. To sum up, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum has obvious quality characteristics such as high yield, no pests and diseases, uniform plant type, large and colorful flowers, rich varieties, long flowering period, rich and realistic shape and so on. After 1000 years of continuous development, the traditional variety Kaifeng Chrysanthemum has developed from an early yellow variety to varieties with different colors and patterns such as red, yellow, white, purple, green and multicolor, among which there are many excellent traditional varieties. Traditional chrysanthemums in China are characterized by rich colors, bright flowers and diverse patterns. The introduced variety "Shore Red Star" is one of the chrysanthemum varieties presented by Toda City, Japan. Flowers are colorful. The base of tongue-shaped flowers is orange and turns yellow gradually. There are tubular beads, medium and thin tubular petals, and the tip petals are arc-shaped and spherical, which is very large in Hua Lun. When flowering, the maximum flower diameter is nearly 50 cm, and it blooms in late June, 10, which is suitable for cultivating single-headed chrysanthemum and multi-headed chrysanthemum. The new variety "Song Du Shang Lv" is green needle. In late autumn, the trees are sparse and the flowers wither, but Green on the Capital of Song Dynasty can show the delicate green that can only be seen in early spring. The first generation fine variety "Liangliang Yu Zi" obtained by crossing "Purple Crab" and "Purple Hydrangea" is not only low in plant type, strong in lodging resistance, but also large in flowers, positive in color and strong in adaptability, and can be mass-produced without too fine management, so it is suitable for large-color puzzles in plant layout. Kaifeng chrysanthemum producing area environment soil landform Chrysanthemum planting area is located in Huanghuai Plain. Its geological structure is Quaternary subsidence stratum, and the terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast, with an average elevation below 80 meters. The soil quality is mainly composed of composite soil and sandy loam, accounting for about 75%, aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil accounting for about 1 1%, and the pH value is 7-8. The soil is fertile and there are many sand dunes in the northwest. Wenshui situation Chrysanthemum planting area is rich in groundwater and the water level is shallow. Because the irrigation canal of Yellow River Diversion passes through Xijiao Township, it is convenient for water supply and drainage here. Climate: Kaifeng has a continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, with an average annual temperature of 14℃, an average annual rainfall of 670 mm and an air pressure of107.55438+0 kpa. Temperature: annual average temperature 13.24℃, 1 monthly average temperature -0.5℃, and July average temperature 27.1℃; Wind direction: NEN frequency 12.75%, north latitude 12.04%, SSW. S frequency is 9.97%, C frequency 100.85%, average wind speed is 4.5m/s, and wind pressure is 35kg/m2；; Precipitation: the average precipitation for many years is 634.9 mm, the maximum precipitation is 260 mm, 1 monthly precipitation is 7.5 mm, and the precipitation in July is156.5 mm; Evaporation: annual average evaporation 1925.3mm, 1 monthly average evaporation 62. 1mm, and June average evaporation 33 1.5mm: humidity: absolute humidity 1.98mm, and relative humidity 79%; Maximum frozen soil depth: 29 cm; Maximum snow thickness: 35cm, maximum snow pressure: 20k g/m2；; The average number of sandstorm days is 9.3, and the average number of thunderstorm days is 23. Kaifeng, the historical origin of chrysanthemum, is located in the Central Plains. Climate and soil conditions are very suitable for chrysanthemum growth. Chrysanthemum was planted as early as the Warring States period. With the revival of Kaifeng in Tang Dynasty, chrysanthemums were widely planted and appreciated. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng, as the capital, entered the heyday of chrysanthemum cultivation and appreciation, and made great breakthroughs in both the number of varieties and cultivation techniques. Chrysanthemum has been cultivated in Kaifeng for thousands of years, and the varieties of chrysanthemum in Kaifeng have reached more than 1500, and the level of cultivation techniques is improving day by day. 1983 in may, the standing Committee of Kaifeng municipal people's congress decided to name chrysanthemum as Kaifeng city flower, and decided to hold chrysanthemum festival every year. Kaifeng has held the 25th Chrysanthemum Fair, and the Chrysanthemum Fair has also turned to the provincial flower fair, attracting a large number of tourists to Kaifeng to enjoy chrysanthemums every year. 1984, Kaifeng became a sister city with Toda, Japan. When the Japanese Toda delegation visited Kaifeng, they presented dozens of chrysanthemum varieties as gifts to Kaifeng people, which enriched the variety resources of Kaifeng chrysanthemum and made Kaifeng the center of chrysanthemum varieties introduction. 1997, Wang Lanting, a florist of Kaifeng wireless power plant, found a yellow mutant flower in the chrysanthemum garden of the plant and separated the mutant flower from the root. After two years of conservation and management, this new bud variety has been preserved and popularized. It was identified as a new variety by experts and named as ". Chrysanthemum production in Kaifeng In 2003, Kaifeng had nearly 1,000 mu of chrysanthemum base. Parks, nurseries and units also plant a large number of chrysanthemums, planting more than 3 million pots of chrysanthemums every year, and tourism and tourism-related industries earn more than one billion yuan each year. In 2009, the total planting area of chrysanthemum in Kaifeng was 166.7 hectares, and the origin was 100 hectares. In 20 17, Kaifeng planted 3,000 mu of chrysanthemums, totaling more than 5 million pots, initially forming an industrial chain of chrysanthemum planting, viewing, processing and sales. The number of chrysanthemum farmers in Kaifeng has increased from less than 300 in 1988 to more than 6,000 at present. The annual output value of chrysanthemum in the city has reached1300,000 yuan, which has driven more than 6,000 farmers to become rich. Product Honor 1989, Fu won the gold medal for the desktop chrysanthemum variety "Seaside Red Star" introduced from Kaifeng at the 3rd China Chrysanthemum Variety Exhibition Center in Hangzhou. 1999 During the Kunming World Expo, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum won two awards, 1 1 gold, eight silver and two bronze. In 2000, Kaifeng was listed as "the hometown of chrysanthemums" by the China People's and National Yearbook Society's "China Tute Famous Product Yearbook". The 7th China Chrysanthemum Variety Exhibition held in Nanjing and Zhongshan in 20001year won two silver prizes. On July 4th, 2009, People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Agriculture officially approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products of Kaifeng Chrysanthemum. Protection of Geographical Indications Kaifeng Chrysanthemum is produced in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, mainly distributed in Nanjiao Township, Xijiao Township and Longting District. Geographical coordinates are11417'-14 27' and 34 45'-34 48' north latitude. Quality and technical requirements Production technology (1) Origin selection and special content regulations: Chrysanthemum has low requirements for soil, but it is best to choose fertile loam areas for planting. Because chrysanthemums avoid waterlogging, they have high terrain and good drainage. (2) Variety selection and specific requirements: There are many planting forms of chrysanthemum, and the variety selection is different according to different forms. Generally speaking, the potted flowers such as Wutou and Jiutou Chrysanthemum are autumn chrysanthemums, which are large in flowers and bright in color and easy to take care of (Tang Yujinqiu, Yu Zi in the capital of song dynasty, coming to see the mountains in spring); The modeling chrysanthemum adopts the species of Cliff Chrysanthemum, which is fast growing, resistant to pruning and easy to bind. (3) Production process management, including special use regulations of agricultural inputs: ① Cutting propagation: There are many propagation and cultivation methods of chrysanthemum, and cutting propagation is the main method. The purpose of this experiment is to make autumn chrysanthemum blossom in early August. Therefore, in the middle of June of the first year, select strong and well-flowered mother plants, cut them off when the foot buds at the roots grow to 5-8 cm, leave 3-5 spreading leaves on the foot buds, and remove the rest, and cut 65,438+0/3 of the foot buds into boiled soil, which can be planted in pots, beds or underground, but it needs lee. If a pot is used, the bottom of the pot is covered with 3.3 cm thick horse manure, human manure and sheep manure (about 1/3 pot height), and the top is covered with a layer of 6.6 cm thick plain soil. After leveling, cuttings can be inserted as required, and the basin soil can be kept moist by pouring enough water. The lowest soil temperature is 10℃ and the lowest room temperature is 15℃. 1 week, put it in a sunny place with high temperature. If it is kept at 15℃, it will take root after 20-30 days. ② Management of cutting and cultivation: A. Preparation of culture soil: The culture soil for chrysanthemum cultivation should be loose, fertile, well drained and rich in humus. It is generally required to prepare in the autumn of the previous year, and the proportion is generally: humus soil 20%, fermented horse manure 20%, fermented sheep manure 20% (it is best to use fermented manure instead of sheep manure), leeward sand soil 40%, and a small amount of lime bone meal. B. Potting: When the foot buds are cut for about 3 months and the number of plug strips reaches more than 4, the seedlings can be divided into pots. Pots of 16.5 cm were planted in the middle of September in the first year of this experiment. When placing pots, spread broken tiles on the bottom of the pot, then add a little culture soil, straighten the chrysanthemum seedlings in the pot, spread the roots, and then fill in artificial nutrient soil, keeping the distance between the soil and the pot mouth 2-3 cm, one for each pot. The first pot of chrysanthemum seedlings should be watered and permeable, kept in a cool place to avoid light, and placed in a sunny place after 4-5 days. C. Pot changing: At the end of the first year 10, the chrysanthemum seedlings are planted in a pot of 26 cm, and the bottom of the pot is filled with some rotten fertile soil to enhance its nutrients. After changing the pot, put it in a sunny place, and the soil temperature is 10- 15℃. It is best to fill the light for 3-5 hours at night to avoid the formation of flower buds. If the conditions are insufficient, pick the buds when you see them. D. watering: watering is the key to raising chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemums like wet, but avoid water. Insufficient watering affects growth and development, and excessive watering causes white leaves or rotten roots to die. After cutting the tender buds, water them thoroughly for the first time, then water them every 3-4 days 1 time, and water them thoroughly. After 1 week, fill 1 time every night. After rooting, the amount of water can be reduced as appropriate, and it is generally appropriate to water it every 2 days 1 time, and keep it moist. After changing pots, water should be poured thoroughly for the first time. In the future, we will stick to the principle of doing nothing but pouring enough water. The watering time should be 8 ~ 9 am every day. After the pregnant buds are exposed, they will not be watered, so as not to rot the flowers. E. fertilization: chrysanthemums are fond of fertility. In the process of planting, we must pay attention to the fertility of the soil and add fertilizer. The growth period is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately increased before pregnancy. The frequency and dosage of fertilization depend on the growth of chrysanthemum, and the principle of thin fertilizer and more fertilizer should be adhered to. When cutting into the upper pot, the nutrients in the pot soil can basically meet the growth needs of seedlings, and generally no fertilization is needed. If the seedlings are weak or the leaves are yellow, bean cakes, horseshoe slices and feces can be decomposed and a small amount of ferrous sulfate can be added for topdressing liquid fertilizer. When changing to pots with a height of 26 cm, it is best to use fermented dry manure, horse manure or fermented sheep manure and bean cake, with 0.5 kg per pot as the base fertilizer and culture soil as the surface layer. At this time, chrysanthemum seedlings grow vigorously, and fertilizer is applied every 15 days 1 time according to the growth situation. If fertilizer is insufficient, topdressing should be done in time. Generally, fermented excrement water and bean cake water with a concentration of 5: 1 can be used, and a little ferrous sulfate can be added. During the period from flower bud differentiation to flower bud blooming, nutrients should be sufficient. Generally, fertilizer is applied every 10 day/time, and the concentration of fertilizer and water gradually increases, mainly by spraying mixed liquid fertilizer of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate on roots and leaves, or alternatively. F, coring: in the middle of April of the following year, that is, about 65,438+000 days before flowering, all the chrysanthemums are cored until they grow to 6.6-9.9 cm (4-5 leaves), then all the lateral buds generated between the axils of the lower leaves are removed, leaving only the upper two buds, and then the weak ones are removed according to the growth situation, leaving only the strong ones until the buds appear. G. Stand on the pole: When the branches grow up, they tend to fall down easily. In mid-May, when the plant grows to 20-30 cm high, stand on the pole next to the chrysanthemum pole. The pole is made of a thin bamboo pole 60-70 cm long, and the thin bamboo pole and chrysanthemum are tied together with thin wires for support. H, loosening the soil and removing buds: potted chrysanthemums are often overgrown with weeds, which affects the growth of chrysanthemums and must be removed in time. Generally, weeding should be combined with loosening soil, once a month/kloc-0, preferably before fertilization or after too much rain. First, dwarfing: hormones can be used to control the height of chrysanthemums during growth. Spraying chlormequat every 10 day after cutting the roots of chrysanthemum until buds appear. Early attention should be paid to thinning buds, and the height of chrysanthemum plants can be controlled between 30-50 cm, depending on the variety, mostly 500- 1000PPM. (4) Provisions on product harvesting, slaughtering, fishing and post-natal treatment: Since most chrysanthemums produced in Kaifeng are potted flowers, it is required to water them three days before transportation to ensure that there is enough water to maintain during transportation. When the weather is hot, you can spray water in the packed compartment to keep the humidity. After arriving at the delivery place, water it immediately and build a shade shed to help it speed up its recovery. (5) Production record requirements: In the whole production project, weather records should be made, with special attention paid to the daily sunshine hours, and the pesticides and fertilizers used should also be included. According to the relevant provisions of the packaging label, chrysanthemum potted flowers are divided into table chrysanthemum, one chrysanthemum, five chrysanthemums, nine chrysanthemums, sixteen chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemum, bonsai chrysanthemum and various modeling chrysanthemums. Before transportation, the flower heads should be wrapped in newspapers to prevent damage during transportation. When it is hot, you can sprinkle some water in the carriage to keep the humidity. Logo users shall uniformly use geographical indications of agricultural products (combination of Kaifeng chrysanthemum name and public logo pattern) on their products or their packages.