Population status of south China tiger

According to the incomplete statistics of annual tiger skin purchase in China fur market, 1956, the whole country bought 1750 pieces of tiger skin.

Tigers were found in more than 20 counties in Jiangxi Province in 1950s, and tigers 1955- 1956 were captured in the whole province.

In the 1950s and 1960s, tigers were not found in Wanxian County in eastern Sichuan and Daba Mountain area at the junction of Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei.

Hunan province1952-1953 * *170 the tiger was caught.

From 65438 to 0964, according to the number of tiger bones and skins purchased by various places, Mr. Shou estimated that about 800 South China tigers were killed every year, which was obviously suspected of "releasing satellites".

1966 Anhui also caught tigers. In the early 1950s, there were more than 50 tigers hunting in Guangdong Province, while in the 1960s, there were only about 20 tigers.

The tiger was caught by 1958 in Qingzhen, central Guizhou, and 1959 in Weijing, western Guizhou. Tigers in Qinling Mountains became extinct in 1960s.

At least 60 tigers were killed in Henan province.

During the period of 1964, a mountain folk in Foping Mountain, Shaanxi Province hunted a wild South China tiger, and no one has ever seen an adult South China tiger.

From 1970s to 1990s.

After 1970, the annual hunting amount of tigers in South China in Jiangxi was insufficient, and after 10, no tigers were caught.

In the early 1970s, Henan Province caught seven tigers a year and Zhejiang Province caught three tigers a year. In 1970s, less than 10 tigers were killed in Guangdong province. The wild tiger was finally caught in 1976 Hunan.

In the late 1970s, it was estimated that the number of wild South China tigers in China was 40-80. The last tiger capture in Shanxi Province was in June 5438 +0974+10/October, and no tiger was found after receiving a pair of tiger bones in Yuanping County. From 65438 to 0979, only one tiger skin was received nationwide.

Since 1980s, the number of wild South China tigers has been very small, and it is estimated that the total number of wild South China tigers in China is 30-80. The last wild tiger caught in Hubei was 1983. 1 cub was found in Baihuwan Forest Farm of Lichuan City, and then sent to Chongqing Zoo. Hubei reporter confirmed after investigation that this is an untrue report. The cub found in Baihuwan Forest Farm is actually a clouded leopard larva.

1987 according to the statistics in May, there are 4 adult tigers and 12 cubs in Guangdong Province.

1990- 1992, in the national survey of wild South China tigers and their habitats conducted by the former Ministry of Forestry and the World Wildlife Fund, no living wild South China tigers were found. However, according to the traces and feces found, it is estimated that there are 20-30 South China tigers at the junction of Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian. The actual number may be less.

265438+Early 20th century

From 2000 to 20001year, the State Forestry Administration and the World Wide Fund for Nature conducted a large-scale investigation on wild South China tigers and their habitats in China, but no wild tigers were found during the search. After this investigation, some foreign scholars believe that the wild South China tiger has become extinct. However, domestic scholars have not given up the hope of finding wild South China tigers.

In the winter of 2007, South China Institute of Endangered Animals carried out the project of "Field Investigation of Wild South China Tigers in Northern Guangdong", but no trace of wild South China tigers was found in the end.

In 2008, when the "Zhou Tiger" incident happened, the expert investigation team sent by the State Forestry Administration also indicated that there were no wild South China tigers in zhenping county.

The possibility of the existence of wild South China tigers is very small. Because the reproduction of species requires the existence of natural population, natural population must also maintain a certain number of individuals and maintain a sufficient level of heterozygosity, so that the population will not decline due to inbreeding. Because there has been no trace of the South China tiger in the original distribution area for many years, the possibility of finding the South China tiger population is even more slim. Therefore, many experts believe that the natural population of the South China tiger has become extinct.

Up to 20 10, 10, there are about10 South China tigers in the world. The artificial breeding of South China Tiger began at 1963 Qianling Park in Guiyang.

1 in 958, wild male south China tiger1was captured from Qingzhen, Guizhou. 1963 mated with 1 wild female south China tiger captured in Changshun, Guizhou and 1 wild female south China tiger captured in Bijie, Guizhou in 1959. Two female South China tigers gave birth to/kloc-0 per male and/kloc-0 per female respectively. In the past 38 years, South China tigers have given birth to 122 and 287 cubs in captivity in China. Except for 32 deaths, male 15 1 and female 104.

In 46 years of captivity, 250 South China tigers died. There are 19 1 animals whose age of death can be accurately determined, and the sum of their life span is 10 179 years old. Among the 266 recorded larvae, 1 17 died within 30 days after birth, with a mortality rate as high as 44%. The mortality rate of adults aged 4- 12 is 4%-5%, and the mortality rate of adults aged 13 is increasing.

By September of 20 10, there were 16 zoos in China that had raised South China tigers. Including Shanghai Zoo, Luoyang Wangcheng Park, Suzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Zoo, Chengdu Zoo, Chongqing Zoo, Fuzhou Zoo, Nanchang Zoo, Guangzhou Xiangjiang Wildlife World, Shanghai Wildlife Park, shenzhen safari park, Guiyang Forest Wildlife Park and Changsha Ecological Zoo.

At present, the zoo with the largest number of South China tigers is Shanghai Zoo, with 25. Followed by Luoyang Wangcheng Zoo, * * * owns 19 animals. Shanghai Zoo established South China Tiger Kindergarten and Nursery in September, 20 10, which is the first institution in China to cultivate South China Tiger cubs. The pedigree of South China tigers established by China Zoo Association (CAZG) recorded in detail the breeding situation of 307 South China tigers in China in the past 46 years (* * * gave birth to 122, with 287 cubs). The existing captive South China tigers are scattered in 22 units across the country, with 57 animals, which is a declining population. Through the analysis of SPARKS and GENES software, it was found that the genetic diversity of captive population decreased gradually from 1977, and the inbreeding coefficient increased continuously.

The captive breeding of South China Tiger in China began at 1955. That year, a female South China tiger was captured in the wild in Sichuan, named MENG Zi, and its pedigree number was "1". It was first transported to Hebei, kept temporarily for a period of time, then transported to Shanghai for captivity on 15, and then transported to Hefei xiaoyaojin Zoo on 1970, and died in the same year.

During the 46 years from 1955 to 200 1, 307 South China tigers (the number of individuals registered by genealogy) have been kept in 40 zoos or parks in large and medium-sized cities in China. Among them, male 158, female 1 17, 32 cubs died at birth, and their sex was not recorded. Only four zoos in Sudan and North Korea have exhibited six South China tigers abroad. "Save China Tiger International Foundation" is a charitable foundation founded by Li Quan. He grew up in Beijing, Britain, the United States and Hongkong since 2000, aiming at saving China tigers. This is the only charity outside China that aims to save the endangered tiger in China. From June 5, 2000 to 10, after several months of planning, the International Fund to Save China Tiger was established in London. Representatives of the State Forestry Administration of China and celebrities in wildlife protection attended the inaugural meeting.

In view of Li Quan's cultural and economic management background, she worked in the top brands in fashion and became the global brand management manager of Gucci International. She served as the leader of the foundation and acted as a bridge between China and the West. The purpose of this foundation is to arouse people's extensive concern about the current situation of tigers in China, introduce advanced conservation models into China and put them into practice through public education, and raise funds to support these actions, so as to work hard to save and protect tigers in China. We also want to be a link between China and the West and all organizations dedicated to protecting wildlife and habitats in China.

Save China Tiger International Fund actively raises funds for several projects to support the ongoing tiger and habitat project in China. Consultants to save the tiger in China include: Dr. Gary Koehler, a wildlife biologist of Washington State Government, and Zhao Zhongxiang, the host of China TV program "Man and Nature". The ambassador is the famous Jackie Chan. Spokesmen include China famous directors Chen Kaige and Jiang Wen, international movie star Yang Ziqiong, Nick Rhodes of Duran Duran Pop Band, Deng Yong Yong, owner of China Club and founder of Shanghai Beach Fashion, pianist Lang Lang, TV celebrity Jiang Yi, conductor Ashbach, and Lewis Moody of Leicester Tiger Football Team. In order to change the endangered fate of the South China tiger, people have taken unprecedented rescue measures to save the South China tiger: release the South China tiger from its cage, carry out effective breeding, make the endangered South China tiger population wild to restore its wildness, and finally release it into the wild in China. This phenomenon is gradually increasing in large safe habitats in China.

In order to achieve this goal, the project to save and release the Chinese tiger has set up two main sub-projects: the first is the wild Chinese tiger project, and the second is the pilot project of China Huahu Nature Reserve.

On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2002, Save the Chinese Tiger International Foundation, a wildlife protection organization headquartered in Britain and the United States, signed a cooperation agreement in Beijing with the Wildlife Research Center of China State Forestry Administration and the South Africa Project Center of Save the Chinese Tiger International Federation (which is the executive agency established by Save the Chinese Tiger International Foundation to implement the action plan), aiming at breeding, wilding and releasing the Chinese tiger into the wild in China.

The China government signed a similar cooperation agreement for the first time: learning the technology and experience brought by South African wildlife scientists. The South African wildlife conservation community has successfully expanded the population of several endangered species in South Africa to the number that can reproduce and return to their original territory, realizing the integrity of the biota. The South African scientific community is also excited about this partnership, because it further strengthens the cooperative relationship between China and South Africa. There are 15 South China tigers in South Africa. As of August 20 13, * * * has been three generations.

The first generation tiger

Guotai: Female, born in Shanghai Zoo on June 65438+1October 265438+1October 2003. In September 2003, he went to Tiger Valley in South Africa for field training.

Hope: Male, born in Shanghai Zoo on February 6th, 2003. In September 2003, he went to Tiger Valley in South Africa for field training. He died of pneumonia and heart failure on August 20th, 2005.

Tiger Woods: Male, born in Shanghai Zoo on March 9, 2004. On June 29th, 2004, 10, I went to Tiger Valley in South Africa for field training.

Madonna: Female, born in Shanghai Zoo on April 20th, 2004. On June 29th, 2004, 10, I went to Tiger Valley in South Africa for field training.

327: Male, born in Suzhou Zoo on August 30th, 2002. On April 23, 2007, he went to Tiger Valley in South Africa to participate in the breeding program. 2011September17th, 327 rushed through the iron gate with live wires and entered the adjacent tiger camp to attack another male tiger, but was killed by the other side.

The second generation tiger

Tiger's birthdays are all local time in South Africa:

Hu Lulu: Born in Tiger Valley, South Africa on October 23rd, 2007, 165438, male, weighing1.2kg ... Father: Tiger Woods, mother: Guotai.

JenB (golden hoop) and Coco (Barton): Cathay Pacific was born in Tiger Valley, South Africa on March 30th, 2008. Both cubs are male, born at 12:40 and 13:25 respectively. Father: Tiger Woods. Mother: Guotai.

On April 2, 2008/kloc-0, Madonna gave birth for the first time: local time 15:35 and 16:26. Two cubs were born outdoors in natural conditions. The first one was dystocia, and the other one died of bacterial infection in the truck park seven days after birth. Madonna's original surviving tiger cub: 1360 g (1.36 kg), as of April 16, 1.6 kg, body length: 54CM, dead tiger cub:1.2kg.. Father: Tiger Woods.

King Henry, Princess: On August 18, 2008, the tigress Madonna successfully gave birth to two cubs, one male and one female, in the wild Woods. This is the first time that a tiger cub was born under completely natural conditions without any observation and human intervention in the project to save the wild breeding of South China tigers. Father: Tiger Woods.

On June 5438+February 65438+July, 2009, Cathay Pacific gave birth to its third child (a tiger cub) under outdoor natural conditions, but died due to weather and other reasons. Father: 327.

Huwaa: 2011110, Cathay Pacific gave birth to its fourth child under outdoor natural conditions, with father: 327.

Alpha (alpha), Beta (beta): 2011On July 20th, Guotai gave birth to her fifth child, two male tiger cubs, and her father was 327.

Vigor, Yoya, Zeta: 2011010 On October 9th, Madonna gave birth to three cubs, father 327, in a completely natural isolation environment. All three tigers are females.

Three generations of tigers

The third generation of South China tiger cubs was born on August 29th, 20 13 in the South African Tiger Valley Reserve of China Tiger Project. This cub makes the number of seriously endangered South China tigers in Tiger Valley Nature Reserve reach 15, which is nearly 15% of the global survival of this subspecies.

The birth of this cub is an important milestone of the Chinese tiger project, representing the first surviving third-generation South China tiger in Tiger Valley Nature Reserve, and the mother and son will grow up completely in the wild environment of Tiger Valley Nature Reserve. .

The South China Tiger Breeding Base in Meihuashan, Longyan, Fujian Province was successfully bred for the first time on April 20th, 20001year. By July 2009, * * * successfully bred 2 1 tiger, which expanded the population of South China tigers in this area to 27.