View of Characters in Water Margin

Song Jiang is the protagonist in the Water Margin from beginning to end, and is the first character in the novel. At the same time, he is also the most controversial figure. Now I will talk about my views from the following four aspects.

1. Song Jiang has several nicknames. What do they mean?

Everyone in Water Margin has nicknames, such as Zhi Duo Xing Wu Xingyong, Black Cyclone Li Kui jy, Leopard Head Lin Chong and so on, while Song Jiang has several nicknames. Song Jiang, nicknamed Black Song Jiang, Black, Timely Rain, Hu, etc. Now explain it in the order before and after the nickname appears.

1, Koichi Kursaburo: This is from Song Jiang's handling of family relations. Song Jiang's handling of family relations is mainly filial piety, especially for his father, and other things will not be detailed.

2. Timely Rain: It mainly means that he is ready to help others. There are 25 such narratives in Water Margin, which shows the heroic nature of Song Jiang to some extent.

3. Hu: Until today, we still can't give a satisfactory explanation. According to textual research, it is related to an official name in the Song Dynasty. Most scholars believe that this nickname reflects Song Jiang's attitude towards the imperial court.

Second, how to evaluate Song Jiang's life?

In the evaluation of Water Margin, there are different views on Song Jiang. Jin Shengtan was the first to comment. He said that Song Jiang was an inferior person, and he was very righteous. Song Jiang himself said: black in appearance, short in stature, born in a small official, he can't be literate, can't be convinced by force, can't be tied with the strength of a chicken, and can't be an arrow (Chapter 68 of Water Margin). Explain that Song Jiang still has self-knowledge. To tell the truth, I don't know Song Like Jiang, but we should judge Song Jiang from the reality and rationality of his works, not from his personal likes and dislikes. Now I will analyze Song Jiang's family background, education and occupation. J-jaw

1. The influence of Song Jiang's birth and occupation on his thought, personality and life path.

When Song Jiang appeared in the novel, he said that he and Song Taigong (Song Jiang's father) were farmers in the village, lived in some rural areas and worked as escorts in Yuncheng County. He is proficient in knives and pens and officials. ……。

Song Jiang studied Confucian books since childhood, received traditional education, and entered the society to be a escort (petty official) in the county government. He is proficient in knives and brushes. His birth experience and personality enable him to understand and experience the sufferings of the people, have a sense of justice, develop a cautious and resourceful attitude, and like to play politics. Because he is a small official, he knows the law and has the habit of obeying it. After Song Jiang arrived at the water margin, he dealt with the problem comprehensively. Some people say that he is hypocritical and plays politics, which is his way to deal with problems. Such as capturing Qin Ming and ceding Lu Junyi. After he committed a crime, the yamen put a cangue on him. Others flail, he said no. This is a national law.

2. Before going to Liangshan, Song Jiang was a hero and a classic of benevolence and righteousness. When there was a contradiction between law and righteousness, Song Jiang ignored statutes. He made a certain contribution to the cause of Liangshan. He killed Yan Poxi when he gave the Liangshan hero the last straw.

After Song Jiang went to Liangshan, he became the leader of the rebel army. He himself says that he has no advantage in both civil and military skills. Why can he be the leader of the water margin? This is because Song Jiang has the following advantages: he has a certain appeal in the rivers and lakes; Caring for brothers and trying to save them when they are in trouble; Have certain organization and military command ability, such as Sanda Zhujiazhuang Campaign. He paid attention to summing up experience, starting with investigating the actual situation, and broke up Zhujiazhuang and the other two alliances.

4. After Song Jiang was recruited, he became a loyal minister of the imperial court. His idea is to contribute to the country and ensure the safety of the people. After the death of Chao Gai, Song Jiang changed "Juyitang" to "Loyalty Hall", which was a great event for the insurgents and a key for Song Jiang in Water Margin. After he was called up, he changed the banner of "doing good for heaven" in Liangshan to "protecting the country according to heaven", and also changed from a rebel leader to a subordinate who obeyed the court. At this time, Song Jiang's thought is: I love the country, the emperor represents the country, the court does not live up to me, and I do not live up to the court. He didn't listen to the dissuasion of Wu Yong and others, and went to woo Fang La, the leader of the rebel army, and played miserably.

5. Tragic ending. After Song Jiang led Fang La, there were 27 heroes left in the original 108, and the rest were either sacrificed or left. The court didn't trust him and killed him. Before Song Jiang died, he was afraid that Li Kui jy would rebel again and let Li Kui jy drink medicinal liquor and get poisoned.

Song Jiang's life is tortuous. First, he is a hero and a Liangshan hero. After joining the army, he became a loyal minister of the court and finally had a tragic ending.

Third, what do you think of Song Jiang's acceptance of "woo"?

1, Song Jiang's acceptance of woo has a historical basis, not created by the author out of thin air.

In the 32nd chapter of Water Margin, it is said that woo was put forward by Wu Songxian, and Song Jiang agreed. There is a history of courtship, but it is only about 100 words, and the novel has quite a few scenes and the plot is very specific. ?

2. The stories of Song people and folk stories describe Jiangdu in Song Dynasty.

There are records of courtship in Xuanhe's legacy of the Great Song Dynasty, and there are also courtship contents of Song Jiang and others in folklore stories.

3. What do you think of Song Jiang's acceptance of harness?

This is related to Song Jiang's contradictory personality. On the one hand, he is a heroic hero and the leader of the rebel army. On the other hand, he wants to serve the court and be loyal to the monarch and the people. However, it is consistent for Song Jiang to want to woo, unlike Song Wu, who proposed it at first, but when Song Jiang proposed to woo, Song Wu was the first to stand up against it. Song Jiang insisted on wooing and serving the imperial court until death do us part.

In the thirty-ninth chapter of the Water Margin, Song Jiang wrote an anti-poem: The heart is in Shandong, the body is in Wu, and the heart is floating in Pengjiang Lake. When she was young, Ling dared to laugh at Huang Chao's husband. I think this is because he is drunk, but it doesn't represent what Song Jiang really thinks.

Four, about "two kinds of" Water Margin "and" two sung rivers ".

This was put forward by a scholar of Hubei University.

1. From the perspective of typology, this statement is not completely in line with the reality of novel creation.

2. The key is how to treat Jin Shengtan's addition, deletion and modification of Song Jiang's image.

Jin Shengtan changed the Water Margin from 120 to 70 chapters. During this period, he made a lot of revisions to the original text, including additions, deletions and changes to the novel. It should be said that he contributed to the spread of Water Margin.

Song Jiang is a controversial figure in Water Margin. People have different opinions about him for many years, but while we hate and criticize Song Jiang, we have to admit that Song Jiang is one of the most successful and representative figures in Water Margin, and he has a lot of room for future generations to comment.

But no matter what your subjective feelings are, whether you praise or belittle Song Jiang, love him or hate him, it is undeniable that he is an opportunist under the banner of benevolence and righteousness, a rebel leader with impure motives, a capitulator who betrayed Liangshan and took refuge in the imperial court, or a peasant leader with revolutionary temperament. He is a very successful artistic image in the gallery of China classical literary figures.

(Source: cctv- 10 "Lecture Room" column)

(2), Lin Chong image analysis

The character characteristics described in Water Margin are based on life, and with the development of life contradictions, his personality will also change. Lin Chong's personality change in Water Margin is well written and well founded. Why has he changed? When will it change? They all start from life, which is the realism of the Water Margin.

In the Water Margin, Lin Chong has a prominent personality: he can endure, bear the burden of humiliation, swallow his voice and dare not resist. In general novels, to completely idealize a positive character, it is often necessary to write out his advantages from the beginning. But Water Margin is different. Lin Chong is a famous hero in The Water Margin, which is amazing and warmly praised by the author. However, as soon as he appeared, he wrote out his weaknesses and personality weaknesses. The bad side is that he can endure, submit to humiliation, submit to humiliation.

One of the "forbearance":

An 800,000 imperial coach, whose wife was molested in broad daylight, is unbearable. So he was very angry. "At that time, Lin Chong pulled over and pulled his shoulder blade, but he recognized that it was Gao Yanei, the official, and he relented first." The word "soft first" is worth noting. This is not a simple description of ordinary people's actions, but a sudden excavation of people's inner world. Therefore, Lin Chong was still angry when writing novels. When he knew, he pulled over and relented. But "the anger didn't go away, and I looked at that Gao Yanei with my eyes wide open". But dare to anger but dare not speak, dare to anger but dare not speak, he endured this tone. The novel is very well written here, showing the inner activities of the characters.

At this time, the comparison between Lin Chong and Lu: Lu doesn't buy it, and Lu has a famous saying, which is in sharp contrast with Lin Chong. He said, "But you are afraid of him, and Cudgel is also afraid of him." "If I bump into that bird, I will teach it to eat 300 mord sticks of Cudgel." One is to bear the burden of humiliation and be afraid of things; One is hate. One is that they are insulted and oppressed and dare not resist; One is that you can't bear to see your friends oppressed. The personalities of these two people are in sharp contrast.

The second part is "forbearance":

Next, I still want to write about Lin Chong's peace and forbearance. But if you want to be safe, you can't be safe. If you want to endure it, you can't bear it. So the novel goes on to say that Gao Yanei bribed Lu Qian to let Lu Qian trick Lin Chong's wife into his house upstairs. Hearing this, Lin Chong "took a knife to untie his wrist" and "went straight to find Lu". He picked up this wrist knife not to find Gao Yanei, but to find Lu Qian. In other words, Lin Chong has begun to resist, but the extent and scope of resistance are limited. You should go to Gao Yanei. There are two meanings here. First, I'm still afraid of Gao Yanei, afraid of provoking him. Like I said before, give him a break this time. This is the second time, he has patience again; Second, this is about Lin Chong's emphasis on righteousness. That is to say, Lu Qian is Lin Chong's sworn brother, and he is also the treacherous person Lin Chong hates most. Loyalty is a very beautiful and precious thing in Lin Chong's character. This is a very important factor that he can change in the future, and it is very revolutionary after the change.

The third part is "forbearance":

After Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou, he could bear it, but he still endured humiliation. This novel is very wonderful here. He wrote a divorce letter before he left. I think this paper has two contents. On the one hand, it shows Lin Chong's kindness and consideration for his wife. On the other hand, he also wrote his tolerant character, which is also naive. Do you think Gao Yanei won't come after writing the divorce papers? Come as usual. So these places, on the one hand, write about his kindness and arouse readers' sympathy for him, on the other hand, arouse readers' more hatred for evil forces. ?

The fourth part is "forbearance":

In the match with Cangzhou, there was a plot: two policemen, Dong Chao and Xue Ba, who were detained, abused him all the way and asked him to wash his feet with hot water. Even the reader couldn't bear it, but he still "endured". Later, he went to the Wild Pig Forest, where Dong Chao and Xue Ba were entrusted by Gao Qiu and Gao Yanei to kill Lin Chong. By this time, Lin Chong didn't even think of killing him (Song Wu had already thought of sending someone to kill him when he arrived at Feiyunpu), so tie him up. Another person, such as or jy, would never say such a thing in this situation. Lu Shen Zhi saved him and tried to kill two workers, but Lin Chong tried to stop him. At this time, he still endured and didn't want to resist.

The fifth part is "forbearance":

Shortly after arriving at Cangzhou prison camp, he learned from Li Xiaoer that there were several "embarrassed people", so he bought a sharp knife to relieve his wrist. He searched the street for several days but couldn't find it. He "slowed down" and "endured" the past.

Cangzhou prison camp arranged for him to go to the forage field, which was a conspiracy. Lin Chong didn't know that he was going to "change a plasterer in the city on a sunny day" and "God bless me and burn paper money another day". I think I will give him a good job and live safer there. Finally, the forage field was set on fire. Suddenly, I heard Lu Qian talking in the temple in the mountain, so I had to collect the bones and go back to Gao Qiu to receive the reward. At this time, Lin Chong flew into a rage, opened the gate of the mountain temple, went out to kill several people, and then rebelled up the mountain, thus realizing a complete transformation. ?

Summary: Lin Chong walked a very hard road, and Lin Chong walked a very long and hard road. There are many foreshadows for the author to write about Lin Chong's transformation. For example, he and Lu Qian were good friends and became sworn brothers. Later, Lu Qian hurt him, so he once told Lu Qian: "My good brother didn't know that a person has a skill, but he didn't meet a wise master, so he gave in to a villain, so he was so angry." In other words, he is full of injustice under the oppression of the ruling class. This sense of injustice is the basis for Lin Chong to move forward step by step and finally realize the ideological change and rebel up the mountain. Although he was an 800 thousand imperial coach and a middle official, he was oppressed as soon as he appeared. Therefore, although he is a figure of the ruling class, his position is similar to that of the oppressed people, which is a basis for his transformation. Lin Chong was tolerant of those who oppressed and insulted him, but his opponent did not let him go. If one plan fails, another will be born. The dark forces and evil forces in that society are constantly pressing on him, so he is very dissatisfied and has an air of injustice.

(C), Song Jiang image analysis

Since the publication of Water Margin, there have been different opinions on Song Jiang. Song Jiang is the most complicated and enduring character in Water Margin. Is he treacherous or has both loyalty and righteousness? Is it sanctimonious, or a Jianghu hero? ?

Song Jiang's nickname

Every hero in the Water Margin basically has only one nickname. Song Jiang has four nicknames: Black Sung River, Xiaoyi Heisaburo, Timely Rain and Hu. And each of his nicknames shows his characteristics in this respect and also shows the complexity of this character.

Water margin 18:

Nayas, surnamed Song, is a famous Jiang, surnamed Ming, ranking third, and his ancestral home is Songjia Village, Yuncheng County. Because of his dark face and short stature, everyone called him Black Sung River. Moreover, he is filial to his family and generous to those in need. Everyone calls him filial to Kursaburo. ..... home in Yuncheng County. He is proficient in knife and pen, and he is proficient in the official road; I also like to learn guns and sticks, and I have learned many kinds of martial arts. I've been trying to get to know the hero in the Jianghu all my life, but someone came to see him. There are high and low, take whatever you want, and stay in the pavilion on the villa, chasing it all day, and you are not tired. When I think of it, I try my best to help, and I spend money like water. People ask him for money and things, and they don't shirk it; And it is easy to do, and it is often difficult to solve disputes, but it is only considerate of people's lives. ..... Shandong and Hebei are very famous, and they are all called timely rain.

Hu's fourth nickname is Hu. The word Hu, until today, is unclear to everyone. There is an explanation that Baoyi was a military attache in the Southern Song Dynasty, named Bao Ichiro. Another explanation, saying "guarantee", is guarantee; "Righteousness" means loyalty, and "protecting righteousness" means keeping loyalty and calling, which is what everyone calls him. Generally speaking, the word Hu actually refers to Song Jiang's attitude towards the country, the court and the emperor. ?

Understand Song Jiang's first angle;

Song Jianggang gave him a comprehensive introduction when he appeared in the Water Margin 18 episode. He farmed for generations, farmed for generations, and kept some fields to live. I studied the history of Confucian classics since I was a child and was educated by traditional culture. More importantly? That's what he did. He works as an escort in the county government. Therefore, judging from his family background, education and occupation, his family background endowed him with a certain sense of justice, and his occupation cultivated his habit of being cautious and improvising, and also cultivated his means of playing politics. This is our understanding of Song Jiang from the first angle. ?

Understand Song Jiang from the second angle;

Second, is Song Jiang a hero? Or a loyal minister of the country? We can analyze several things before and after he went to Liangshan. Before going to Liangshan, he privately played classical music for his confidant brothers. Killed Yan Poxi for fear of exposure. From these things, we can say that Song Jiang is a brave hero. Then he went to Liangshan and became the leader of a rebel army. He led several battles of Liangshan brothers, which fully demonstrated his command and organization ability. After being accepted, he became a loyal minister of a country. He changed the hall name of Liangshan from "doing justice for heaven" to "protecting the country according to heaven", which was only the behavior of a loyal minister of the country. Therefore, no matter what kind of subjective feelings we praise or belittle Song Jiang, or love or hate him, we can't deny that he is a successful artistic image in the gallery of classical literary figures in China. On the characters and structure of Yu Shui Hu Zhuan.

Original text:

On the Characters and Structure of Water Margin

The characterization of Water Margin has always been highly praised. The so-called 100 people all have different faces. Although it is inevitable to exaggerate, it is true that at least a dozen important people in the book have their own faces. I remember there was a notebook, which made up a story about the Water Margin written by Shi Naian. Shi Naian first asked a master painter to draw portraits of 36 people, including Song Jiang, and hung them in a room to ponder day and night. Over time, the voices and smiles of these 36 people matured in Shi Naian's imagination, and then he wrote them, so they came to life. Shi Naian's creative method has its own obvious characteristics, that is, fabrication. For example, the image of thirty-six people, such as Song Jiang, is related to the description of the legacy of Xuanhe. Although it is basically unscientific, it also has some truth. Because, if it was really Shi Naian who wrote The Water Margin, before he started writing, he was thinking about the oral literature that had been circulated among the people for a long time to praise the heroes of the Water Margin, rather than the image of thirty-six people created by Shi Naian himself.

Every face is different, this is the general comment; This sentence alone is not enough to explain the characteristics of the description of characters in Water Margin. Take Lin Chong, Yang Zhi and Lu Da as examples. These three men were all officers before becoming an outlaw, and they all had good martial arts, which is what they have in common; The three of them never dreamed that they would become outlaws one day, but they eventually became outlaws, but each of them had different reasons. For Gao Yanei, he wanted Lin Chong's wife, so Lin Chong ate a wrong case and stabbed Cangzhou. But for such oppression and frame-up, Lin Chong just resigned himself to fate, so in the wild pig forest, Lu Da tried to kill the two damn policemen, but Lin Chong stopped him. After arriving in Cangzhou, Lin Chong became a prisoner with a clear conscience. It was not until Gao Yanei sent someone to kill him that he got revenge and became an outlaw. Yang Zhi, for the first time, lost his post in order to go to Huashigang, but failed to be reinstated. He was poor and sold knives, accidentally killed a rascal, and exiled the army. Unexpectedly, she became an officer in Liang Zhongshu's family, and finally fell into the birth class, so she had to despair and become an outlaw. Only Lu Da, whose works are "active". At first, in order to save people, the official couldn't do it and became a monk. Later, in order to save people, even monks couldn't do it, so they had to become an outlaw. The Water Margin depicts the characters of these three people from their different experiences. Moreover, Water Margin shows the inevitability of their different experiences from their different ideologies. Yang Zhi is bent on being an official, "to protect his wife and children". As a result, he was careful and found nothing. Lin Chongan insisted on his own ideas and resigned himself to it, resulting in being forced to have nowhere to live. Only Luda has no worries, dares to do things and never suffers losses. As for Yang Zhi, although we sympathize with his experience, we despise him. We are full of sympathy for Lin Chong, but we deeply regret that his understanding is not enough. We have nothing to say to Ruda except praise. In this way, the Water Margin makes us have different feelings for these three people through its gorgeous image. Not only that, the Water Margin also shows that these three people come from different classes ideologically. Yang Zhi is "the grandson of Yang Gong after three generations", so he never forgets to be an official and "seals the shadow of his wife". As long as there is an official to do it, Liang Zhongshu is also his good boss. Lin Chong was born in a family of teachers with guns and sticks, and he was a petty-bourgeois technician. He has a sense of justice, but he is content with the status quo unless he has no choice but to make up his mind. As for Ruda, he has no relatives and no reason. He is single and has no property. He is an officer who was born in a poor peasant or craftsman and was promoted by rank. "The Water Margin" does not describe the origin of these three people (Yang Zhikou said it only after he confessed himself), but when describing the characters of these three people, their class components are deducted everywhere.

Therefore, we can say that being good at describing the characters' positions and actions from the perspective of class consciousness is the biggest feature of the description of characters in Water Margin.

Secondly, another feature of the description of the characters in Water Margin is that everything about the characters is explained by the actions of the characters themselves, and the author never makes comments. Take Lin Chong and others as an example. When these three characters appeared, they all suddenly appeared in the middle of other people's events. The appearance of Lu Da was in the event of Shi Jin looking for coach Wang. Lin Chong appeared when Lu Da was practicing martial arts, and Yang Zhi appeared when Lin Chong was looking for warlords. When these three characters appeared, apart from a simple description of their appearance, there was not a word to introduce their life experience, and naturally there was not a word to describe their character; All their stories and personalities were gradually revealed in their later actions, and we didn't fully realize their stories and personalities until the end of their main story. It's like a person coming from far away. At first, we only saw whether he was wearing a long coat or a short coat, and then we saw whether he was fat or thin, and then we saw whether he had a square face or a round face. Finally, we saw his eyebrows, even his voice and smile: at this time, we saw everything about him. "Water Margin" is to write characters in such a way from far to near, so it is fascinating and very vivid.

Let's stop here for the characterization of Water Margin. Let's start with the structure of Water Margin.

Judging from the whole book, the structure of Water Margin is not an organic structure. We can weave the stories of several main characters into independent short stories or novellas without feeling of separation. But judging from a character's story, the structure of Water Margin is rigorous and even organic. At this point, it is enough to prove that the Water Margin, when it was still oral literature, was a lot of stories with the same motif but independent.

These independent and self-contained stories have some similarities in structure. Generally speaking, first, the development of the story is interlocking, but it is dense and swaying. Second, be good at using changeable techniques and avoid straightforward narration. Take the story of Lin Chong as an example. Lin Chong's story, from burning incense in Yue Temple to becoming an outlaw in Shui Bo, consists of five chapters. At the beginning of the story, the problem of determining Lin Chong's fate was put forward, and from then on, it developed step by step to the top, but this development line was not vertical but tortuous, loose and tight; The decision to exile Cangzhou is a large section in the middle of the whole story, but it is not the culmination, and the culmination is Shangliang Mountain, but Lin Chong's story ends here. In these five books, in writing, I try my best to make readers angry and laugh through tears. I was just happy for Lin Chong and worried about him right away. Even the interludes in the story (such as Lin Chong, Lu Yu, Chai Jin and the contest with Hong) are not straightforward. In this passage, Lin Chong went to Chai Jin Zhuang first, but Chai Jin was not there. Lin Chong was disappointed, but he met Chai Jin on the road (Chai Jin's appearance was colorful), and then he competed with Hong. The description of Lin Chong Competition is only a thousand words from beginning to end, but it is so complicated and varied. He said he would hold a tournament, but he didn't compete. He ate the wine first and really started the tournament, but he was half-genuine (Hong) (Lin Chong). So Chai Jin made the silver, which was called "Xiecha" to open the cangue, and made a note with large ingots of silver. It turned out to be true, with only a hundred words at the end. But these hundreds of words are really concise and forceful, which vividly describes the high strength of Lin Chong's martial arts. This short span of more than 1,000 words also depicts the faces of Chai Jin and Hong, and the pen and ink economy has reached its acme. Look at Yang Zhi's story again. Yang Zhi's story * * * has only three books, 15600 words, with three paragraphs before and after: selling knives, becoming an official, and falling into the birth class. Structurally, Yang Zhi's story is different from Lin Chong's. Lin Chong's story is to put forward the main points of the whole story first, and then develop to the top step by step. However, Yang Zhi's story summarizes Yang Zhi's dream of seeking an official position in the trilogy of frustration, success and disillusionment. Structurally, the climax is in the middle. In Gao Qiu, a powerful man, Yang Zhi was unlucky, but in Liang Zhongshu, another powerful man, Yang Zhi was promoted from the beginning, which seemed smooth sailing, but it was not easy to be a slave under the powerful man. There are factions among slaves, and they often fight with each other. Liang Zhongshu's incompetence in employing people doomed Yang Zhi's disillusionment. At the same time, it is doomed that Yang Zhi on Huangnilan will fail. The logic of story development is like this, but the logic of novel structure development has reached its peak from a series of positive and negative spirals. Before Yang Zhi and his party set out, Wu Yong laid a trap, which was clearly written in the book. In contrast, it is Yang Zhi's shrewd countermeasure. What readers urgently need to know at this time is whether Wu Yong and others "soft" or "hard" this golden ball of100000 dollars. If "mainly", how can you avoid Yang Zhi's shrewd eyes? This mystery was not revealed until the end of the story, and the vertical and horizontal opening and closing of the structure was thus caused.

The above is a superficial view on the characters and structure of Water Margin. If you want to learn Water Margin, these are all places worth learning. Naturally, Water Margin also has many advantages worth learning. For example, the spoken language of the people at that time was often used in character dialogues, which made us feel that we heard their voices; Another example is the description of action, which is vivid and lively on paper, with only a few words ... these should be studied, but from a big perspective, the main object of study should be its character description and structure. In this respect, my prejudice is that Water Margin is better than A Dream of Red Mansions. Although in the whole book structure, A Dream of Red Mansions is closer to the organic structure than Water Margin, as mentioned above, Water Margin, as an independent short story, is also organic in terms of a character's story.

————————————————————————————

Research on the Database of Characters and Structure Test in Water Margin