Sunshine weather at the first frost

Spring Equinox

The vernal equinox is one of the solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons. In ancient China, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter were used to indicate the beginning of the four seasons. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice are in the middle of each season. On the vernal equinox, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the time between day and night is equal all over the earth. Therefore, the ancient vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are also called "equinox", and there is a folk proverb that "vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are equally divided day and night".

After the vernal equinox, the overwintering crops in most parts of southern China entered the spring growth stage. In central China, there is an agricultural proverb, "Wheat starts at the vernal equinox, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars". The temperature in most parts of the south continues to rise, but generally it doesn't rain as fast as the vernal equinox. In late March, the average temperature in northern South China is mostly 13℃ to 15℃, and in southern South China it is mostly 15℃ to 16℃. Most of the plateau has been melted by snow, and the ten-day average temperature is about 5℃ to 10℃. Most areas in South China, such as river valleys, have the highest temperature, with an average of 18℃ to 20℃. In the south, except for the marginal mountainous areas, the average daily temperature rose steadily to above 12℃ in 1978, which is beneficial to planting crops such as rice and corn, and is also very suitable for afforestation. However, before and after the vernal equinox, there is often a strong cold air intrusion in South China, and the temperature drops obviously, as low as 5℃. Sometimes a small stream of cold air comes one after another, forming a low temperature and rainy weather that lasts for several days, which is not good for agricultural production. According to this feature, we should make full use of the weather forecast, grasp the cold tail and warm head, and sow in time.

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Summer solstice

On the solstice of summer, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere, and it takes about 14 hours from sunrise to sunset in the southern region.

Although the summer solstice has the longest day and the highest sun height, it is not the hottest time of the year. Because the heat in the near-surface layer is still accumulating at this time, and it has not reached its maximum.

After the summer solstice, due to the vigorous growth of crops, the rapid growth and spread of weeds, pests and diseases, and the golden season of grass, fertilizer and livestock flourishing in plateau pastoral areas, agricultural production in most parts of southern China entered the field management period. At this time, the rainfall in the western part of South China increased obviously, which gradually changed the distribution trend of rainfall in South China from the east to the east since the spring. If there is a summer drought, it is generally expected to be lifted at this time. In the past 30 years, the number of large-scale floods in western South China in late June was small, but the degree was serious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing for flood control. The summer solstice solar term is the solar term with the largest annual rainfall in eastern South China, which is often controlled by subtropical high in the future, resulting in summer drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and win a bumper harvest in agriculture, it is an important measure to capture and store pre-dormant rainwater in these areas.

After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms are often easy to form in the afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes, and the rainfall range is small. People call it "dividing fields in summer and rain". In the south, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully borrowed this weather and wrote a famous poem, "Sunrise in the east, sunset in the west, the road is sunny but sunny."

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Autumn Equinox

The autumnal equinox is a solar term representing seasonal changes. On the day of the autumnal equinox, the sun is located at longitude 180 degrees, and the sunlight is almost direct to the equator, and day and night are almost equal. At this time, the waiting temperature in the southern region has generally dropped below 22℃, and it has entered a cool autumn. "An autumn rain and a cold". The cold air from the south meets the warm and humid air that gradually decays, resulting in repeated rainfall and the temperature dropping again and again. In the northern part of the northwest plateau, the daily minimum temperature has dropped below 0℃, and you can already see the magnificent snow scene flying all over the sky and the earth wrapped in silver.

After the autumnal equinox, rainfall in most parts of the south decreased significantly, and heavy rain and heavy rain rarely appeared. However, rainy days increase, rainy days are frequent, and the night rain rate is high. Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, famously said, "It rains late in autumn pond", which vividly describes the climate characteristics of autumn rainy nights in the south.

It is rainy and humid in autumn in the south and Liangshan Prefecture, which has great influence on autumn harvest, autumn ploughing and autumn planting. It is necessary to grasp the sun, control soil moisture and prevent waterlogging, and do a good job in the quality and progress of Sanqiu production. At the same time, we should make full use of the meteorological conditions of rainy autumn and good soil moisture, seize the opportunity to do a good job in afforestation, and strive to improve the survival rate of saplings.

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Winter Solstice

Winter solstice is a solar term divided by astronomy, which was called "short day" and "short day" in ancient times. From winter to the sun, the sun is located at 270 degrees of the Yellow Meridian, and the sun shines almost directly to the Tropic of Capricorn, which has the shortest day in the northern hemisphere. There is no 10 hour from sunrise to sunset in most parts of southern China. From winter to the future, as the earth orbits the sun, the direct sunlight belt gradually moves northward, making the days in the northern hemisphere gradually longer and the nights gradually shorter.

Although the height of the reference sun is the lowest and the sunshine time is the shortest in winter solstice, the heat absorbed by the ground is more than the heat lost. After the winter solstice, it begins to count to nine, and every nine days is a "nine". Before and after "March 9th", the area was the least hot and the weather was the coldest, so it was said that "March 9th was cold".

Astronomy regards the winter solstice as the beginning of winter, which is obviously late for most parts of China. During the winter solstice, the average temperature in the northwest plateau is generally below 0℃, while it is only about 6℃ to 8℃ in the south. In the low-altitude valley areas in the northwest and south, even in the coldest local area of 65438+1early October, the average temperature is still above 10℃, so it can be said that autumn comes and spring comes, and there is no winter all year round.

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The origin of the twenty-four solar terms

Twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.

The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", that is, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow, Xiaohan, etc. 12 solar terms; The second solar term of each month is "Zhongqi", that is, there are 12 solar terms such as rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great heat, intense heat, autumnal equinox, first frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms.

Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.

In order to facilitate memory, people compiled 24 solar terms songs:

Twenty-four solar term song

The spring rain shakes the spring and the valley days, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.

Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter.

Seven-character poem of twenty-four solar terms

The earth goes around the sun, and it takes a year to complete a circle.

A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked.

According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month.

The first half of the year is Saturday and Monday, and the second half is every eight days and every Wednesday.

These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days.

There are 24 verses in succession, and the following formula is kept in mind:

A slight cold in January was followed by a severe cold, and it rained in the spring of February;

The vernal equinox is in March and Qingming Grain Rain is in April.

Long summer and full summer in May, full summer solstice in June;

July is hot and slightly hot, and August is long summer, beginning of autumn;

In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the first frost and cold dew are all in October;

There is a light snow in 1 1 month in beginning of winter, and a heavy snow in winter solstice to welcome the New Year.

Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest.

With the spread of China calendar, the 24 solar terms have spread to many parts of the world.

Beginning of spring: beginning of spring is standing, and beginning of spring is beginning of spring.

Rain: It began to rain and gradually increased.

Sting: Sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil.

Equinox: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided.

Qingming: sunny and lush.

Grain Rain: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.

Long summer: the beginning of summer.

Xiaoman: Summer crops such as wheat are full of seeds.

Miscanthus species: Miscanthus crops such as wheat are mature.

Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.

Summer heat: Summer heat means heat. Slight summer heat refers to when the climate begins to get hot.

Big institutions: the hottest time of the year.

Beginning of autumn: The beginning of autumn.

Summer heat: place means stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer.

White dew: The weather turns cold and the dew condenses into white.

Autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night.

Cold dew: Dew is cold and will freeze.

First frost: it's getting colder and colder, frosty.

Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.

Xiaoxue: It's starting to snow.

Heavy snow: the snowfall is increasing, and there may be snow on the ground.

Solstice of winter: the cold winter is coming.

Slight cold: The climate began to get cold.

Great cold: the coldest time of the year.