What are the hazards of environmental pollution?

Question 1: What harm does environmental pollution do to human body? Environmental pollution can lead to various diseases.

Water pollution: Heavy metal pollution in water will cause diarrhea, poisoning, death and various chronic diseases. For example, the pain in Japan is caused by cadmium in sewage.

Bacterial and viral pollution in water will cause the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria.

Air pollution can lead to various respiratory diseases.

Soil pollution, pesticides, fertilizers and other foods cause great pollution, which ultimately hurts people themselves.

Question 2: What are the hazards of pollution and environmental damage? 1. Harm to human health: People need to breathe air to maintain their lives. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 1.5 ~ 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health. Air pollutants do harm to human body in many ways, such as respiratory system damage, physiological dysfunction, digestive system disorder, nervous system abnormality, mental decline, cancer and disability. People call the smoke of this disaster the smoke of killing. When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is high, it will cause acute pollution poisoning, or aggravate the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people within a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, breathing this polluted air all the year round will cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, lung cancer and other diseases.

2. Environmental pollution and cancer: A large number of research data show that environmental pollution is an extremely important cause of cancer. Relying on the strength of the whole society and taking comprehensive measures to effectively control environmental pollution is an important part of comprehensive cancer prevention and control measures.

3. Harm to plants: Air pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and fluoride, are very harmful to plants. When the concentration of pollutants is high, it will cause acute damage to plants, damage to the surface of plant leaves, or directly cause leaves to wither and fall off; When the concentration of pollutants is not high, it will cause chronic damage to plants, make the leaves of plants fade, or have no harmful symptoms on the surface, but the physiological functions of plants are affected, leading to the decline of plant yield and deterioration of quality.

4. Weather and climate impact: The impact of air pollutants on weather and climate is very significant, which can be explained from the following aspects:

(1) Reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground: A large number of smoke particles discharged into the atmosphere by factories, power stations, automobiles, household heating equipment, etc. make the air very turbid, which blocks the sunlight and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground.

(2) Increase atmospheric precipitation: Many particles emitted by large industrial cities have the function of water vapor condensation nuclei.

③ Acid rain: Sometimes, the rain falling from the sky contains sulfuric acid. This kind of acid rain is the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant in the atmosphere, to form sulfuric acid, which falls with the precipitation in nature; Sulfuric acid rain can destroy large areas of forests and crops, corrode and destroy paper products, textiles and leather products, degrade metal antirust coatings and reduce their protective effects, and also corrode and pollute buildings.

(4) Raise the atmospheric temperature: Over large industrial cities, the air temperature near the ground is higher than that in the surrounding suburbs due to a large amount of waste heat discharged into the air. This phenomenon is called heat island effect in meteorology.

⑤ Impact on global climate: Since 20 10, people have gradually noticed the impact of air pollution on global climate change. After research, people think that carbon dioxide plays an important role in various air pollutants that may cause climate change. Carbon dioxide can absorb the long-wave radiation on the ground and raise the air temperature near the ground. This is called the greenhouse effect. Some experts believe that the increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere will melt the ice in the north and south poles in a few years, leading to global climate anomalies.

5. Acid rain: When the pH value of precipitation is lower than 5.6, precipitation is acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emitted by coal combustion and nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles are the main factors forming acid rain; Secondly, meteorological conditions and topographic conditions are also important factors affecting the formation of acid rain. Precipitation acidity pH>

Question 3: What harm does environmental pollution bring to our life? Environmental pollution refers to the phenomenon that substances harmful to the ecosystem interfere with and destroy the ecosystem after entering the environment, which is called pollution for short. Specifically, harmful substances or harmful factors enter the environment and spread, migrate and transform in the environment, interacting with various elements of the ecosystem, changing the structure and function of the ecosystem, and adversely affecting the survival and development of human beings and other organisms. For example, due to the burning of fossil fuels, the concentration of particulate matter and SO2 in the atmosphere increases, which endangers the health of people and other organisms, corrodes materials and causes losses to human society; The discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage worsens the water quality and endangers aquatic organisms.

The existence of water body makes it lose its original ecological function and use value.

Environmental pollution not only causes direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, but also the accumulation, migration and transformation of pollutants will cause various derived environmental effects, thus causing indirect harm to the ecosystem and human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental effect is more harmful than the direct dangerous arc caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate.

Except ... For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. serious

Pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.

At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international, and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes has also appeared in recent years.

It is the outstanding performance in this respect.

② Causes of environmental pollution

Generally speaking, environmental pollution can be the result of human activities and natural activities, or the result of the interaction of these two activities. For example, volcanic eruption releases a lot of harmful gases such as dust and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which also pollutes the atmospheric environment. But usually, environmental pollution is more caused by human activities, especially social and economic activities. What we usually refer to is the environmental pollution caused by such human activities. The reason why human activities cause environmental pollution is because

Because there is a fundamental difference between human beings and other creatures: in addition to their own production, human beings also carry out larger-scale mass production, which all other creatures do not have. Because of this, the intensity of human activities is far greater than that of other creatures. For example, in the use of water in the ecosystem, other organisms only use the amount that meets their survival requirements, and humans don't know how many times more water is used than other organisms, so that some local ecosystems are not enough. The emission source of pollutants is called pollution.

Source. The situation of various pollution sources will be described in the fourth section.

Environmental pollution can be classified from different angles. According to the type of environmental pollution system or its leading elements, it can be divided into air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and so on. According to the social field where pollution sources are located, they can be divided into industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and traffic pollution. According to the form or nature of pollutants, they can be divided into waste gas pollution, waste water pollution, solid waste pollution and noise pollution.

Dyeing, radiation pollution, etc.

Question 4: Do you know what environmental pollution includes? Talking about their harm to human beings according to environmental factors.

Air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution.

Divide by attributes

Dominant pollution

According to human activities

Industrial environmental pollution, urban environmental pollution and agricultural environmental pollution.

According to the nature and source of environmental pollution

Chemical pollution, biological pollution, physical contamination (noise pollution, radioactive pollution, electromagnetic wave pollution, etc. ) solid waste pollution, liquid waste pollution, energy pollution.

Land pollution: garbage disposal has become an important issue in major cities. Tens of millions of tons of garbage every day, many of which cannot be burned or corrupted, such as plastics, rubber, glass and other enemies of mankind.

Marine pollution: mainly crude oil leaked from oil tankers and oil wells, pesticides and fertilizers used in farmland, sewage discharged from factories and acidic solutions from mines; They pollute most marine lakes. Therefore, not only marine organisms are harmed, but birds and humans may also be poisoned by eating these organisms.

Air pollution: refers to the concentration of pollutants in the air reaching or exceeding the harmful level, which leads to the destruction of the ecosystem and the normal survival and development of human beings, and causes harm to people and creatures. This is the most direct and serious, mainly from carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide released by factories, automobiles and power plants. Every day, people suffer from diseases of respiratory organs or visual organs due to contact with these dirty air.

Water pollution: refers to the phenomenon that the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive pollution of water changes due to the intervention of certain substances, thus affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or destroying the ecological environment, and leading to the deterioration of water quality.

Noise pollution refers to the phenomenon that the environmental noise generated exceeds the national environmental noise emission standard and interferes with the normal work, study and life of others.

Radiation pollution refers to the appearance of radioactive substances or rays exceeding the national standards on the surface or inside of substances, people, places and environmental media due to human activities.

Question 5: Do you know what environmental pollution does harm to our life? Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also cause indirect harm to the ecosystem and human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. Serious pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.

At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international. In recent years, the problem of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is a prominent manifestation in this regard.

As we all know, environmental pollution means that the environment becomes unclean, dirty, dirty or other unclean. The process from clean to dirty is called pollution. Environmental pollution sources mainly include the following aspects:

1) Waste smoke, waste gas, waste water, waste residue and noise discharged by the factory;

2) Waste smoke, waste gas, noise, water theft and garbage discharged in people's lives;

3) Exhaust gas and noise emitted by vehicles (all fuel vehicles, ships, airplanes, etc.). );

4) Water from farmland irrigated with chemical substances such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.

5) Mine wastewater and waste residue.

1. Adverse effects of environmental pollution on organisms.

Environmental pollution has a very adverse effect on the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. When the pollution is serious, the morphological characteristics and survival quantity of organisms will change obviously. The harm of environmental pollution to organisms is described from four aspects: acid rain, harmful chemicals, heavy metals and water eutrophication.

1. The harm of acid rain to biology

Acid rain acidifies soil and rivers and flows into lakes through rivers, resulting in acidification of lakes. After acidification, the lake not only killed the plants growing in and around the lake, but also threatened the survival of fish, shrimp and shellfish in the lake, thus destroying the food chain in the lake and eventually turning the lake into a "dead lake". Acid rain also directly harms the leaves and buds of terrestrial plants and kills crops and trees.

Now, the harm caused by acid rain is more and more serious, and it has become one of the important problems of global environmental pollution. Sulfur dioxide is one of the main pollutants that form acid rain. With the development of economy, people will burn more coal, oil and natural gas and produce more pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide. So the harm caused by acid rain may be more serious in the future. China is one of the countries with large sulfur dioxide emissions in the world, and acid rain has appeared in some areas. For example, in an area in southwest China, there were four acid rains in three months from 65438 to 0982, and the pH value of the rain was 3.6 ~ 4.6, which caused crops to suffer in a large area.

As early as the middle of19th century, people noticed that lichens and mosses could not survive in cities with serious air pollution, and the leaves of plants near chimneys often appeared diseased spots. Scientists have found through research that these phenomena are all related to air pollution in this area, and some plants can be used to monitor air pollution in a certain area. Different plants are sensitive to air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide. For example, when the content of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is relatively high, the leaves of alfalfa and sunflower will wither quickly, or brown patches will appear between the veins, and in severe cases, the leaves will gradually die. These plants are sensitive to air pollution and can be used to monitor air pollution. They are called air pollution indicator plants.

2. Harm of harmful chemicals to organisms

Pesticide is a common harmful chemical. When people use pesticides to kill bacteria and pests, it will also cause environmental pollution and harm to many kinds of creatures, including humans.

Many pesticides are compounds that are not easily decomposed. ........................................................................................................................................................................ & gt

Question 6: What harm does environmental pollution bring to us? Water pollution leads to the destruction of limited fresh water resources. We will have no water to drink and use, and the unpleasant smell makes people feel uncomfortable and unable to vent.

Air pollution not only makes it difficult for people to breathe, but also causes diseases.

Solid waste pollution will destroy the ecosystem and indirectly affect human beings.

Noise pollution will upset people and affect people's rest. Being in high noise for a long time will cause hearing damage.

Question 7: What harm does environmental pollution bring? Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also cause indirect harm to human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. Serious pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.

At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international. In recent years, the problem of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is a prominent manifestation in this regard.

The hazards of air pollution mainly include the following aspects:

Harm to human health:

People need to breathe air to keep alive. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 1.5 ~ 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health.

Air pollution: The harm of substances to human body is various, mainly manifested in respiratory diseases and physiological dysfunction, as well as pathological changes of mucous membranes such as eyes and nose. For example,1February 5-8, 952, the soot incident in London, England, killed 4000 people. People call the smoke of this disaster the smoke of killing. According to the analysis, this is because there was no wind and fog in London, and the smoke and dust generated by factory chimneys and residents' heating permeated the urban area of London for a long time. The highest concentration of smoke and dust reaches 4.46 mg /m3, and the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide reaches 3.83 ml /m3. Sulfuric acid droplets produced by chemical reaction of sulfur dioxide attach to smoke or condense on fog droplets, and enter organs with breathing, which makes people sick or accelerates the death of patients with chronic diseases. This is also called photochemical pollution.

As can be seen from the above example, when the concentration of pollutants in the air is high, it will cause acute pollution poisoning, or aggravate the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people within a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, breathing this polluted air all the year round will cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, lung cancer and other diseases.

Environmental pollution and cancer

A large number of research data show that environmental pollution is an extremely important cause of cancer, and it is an important part of comprehensive cancer prevention and control measures to take comprehensive measures to effectively control environmental pollution relying on the strength of the whole society.

Harm to plants:

Air pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and fluoride, are very harmful to plants. When the concentration of pollutants is high, it will cause acute damage to plants, damage to the surface of plant leaves, or directly cause leaves to wither and fall off; When the concentration of pollutants is not high, it will cause chronic damage to plants, make the leaves of plants fade, or have no harmful symptoms on the surface, but the physiological functions of plants are affected, leading to the decline of plant yield and deterioration of quality.

Impact on weather and climate:

The influence of air pollutants on weather and climate is very significant, which can be explained from the following aspects:

(1) Reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground: A large number of smoke particles discharged into the atmosphere by factories, power stations, automobiles, household heating equipment, etc. make the air very turbid, which blocks the sunlight and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground. According to observation and statistics, in the days when smoke and dust are not scattered in large industrial cities, the direct sunlight on the ground is reduced by nearly 40% compared with the days without smoke and dust. In cities with serious air pollution, people, animals and plants will be stunted due to lack of sunshine every day.

(2) Increase atmospheric precipitation: Many particles emitted by large industrial cities have the function of water vapor condensation nuclei. Therefore, when there are some other precipitation conditions in the atmosphere ...

Question 8: What harm does environmental pollution do to human health? The most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the quality of human environment and affect the quality of human life, physical health and production activities. At present, people pay more and more attention to the harm of global environmental pollution to human health. Environmental pollution will directly damage and affect the ecosystem, including water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution and so on.

1952 65438+February 5 ~ 8, the soot incident in London, England, killed 4000 people. People call the smoke of this disaster the smoke of killing. According to the analysis, this is because there was no wind and fog in London, and the smoke and dust generated by factory chimneys and residents' heating permeated the urban area of London for a long time. The highest concentration of smoke and dust reaches 4.46 mg/m3, and the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide reaches 3.83 ml/m3. Sulfuric acid droplets produced by chemical reaction of sulfur dioxide attach to smoke or condense on fog droplets, and enter organs with breathing, which makes people sick or accelerates the death of patients with chronic diseases.

Question 9: What are the main environmental pollution? What are the hazards? This problem is too big. First of all, it is divided into three categories: water body, atmosphere and solid waste. Each category is further divided into subcategories. For example, the atmosphere is further divided into gaseous pollutants and particulate pollutants. What are the hazards? This answer is also very broad. The big aspect is endangering the global material and energy cycle, leading to climate deterioration, the small one is the damage to the ecosystem, and the small one is the harm to the safety of biological species. Try to sum it up from these aspects ~

Question 10: What are the effects of environmental pollution on human health? Answer: There are three main kinds of harm to human body caused by environmental pollution: (1) acute harm: high-concentration pollutants in a short time, or the combination of several pollutants can cause acute harm to human body; (2) Chronic harm: Chronic harm mainly refers to the harm caused by the continuous action of small doses of pollutants on the human body. For example, the impact of air pollution on the incidence of chronic respiratory inflammation. (3) Long-term harm: The harm of environmental pollution to human body is generally manifested after a long incubation period, such as the carcinogenic effect of environmental factors. Carcinogenic factors in the environment mainly include physical, chemical and biological factors. Physical factors, such as leukemia and lung cancer caused by radiation exposure or inhalation of radioactive substances in vitro, and biological factors, such as tropical malignant lymphoma, have been proved to be the virus primers transmitted by blood-sucking Kun. Chemical factors, according to animal experiments, there are more than 1 100 carcinogens. In addition, pollutants have a great influence on heredity. All living things themselves have the characteristics of genetic variation, and the harm of environmental pollution to human heredity is mainly manifested in

2. Harm of harmful chemicals to organisms

Pesticide is a common harmful chemical. When people use pesticides to kill bacteria and pests, it will also cause environmental pollution and harm to many kinds of creatures, including humans.

Many pesticides are compounds that are not easily decomposed. After being absorbed by organisms, it will accumulate in organisms, resulting in the content of such harmful substances in organisms far exceeding the external environment. This phenomenon is called bioaccumulation. Biological enrichment is strengthened with the extension of food chain. For example, DDT, as an efficient pesticide, was widely used to control pests decades ago. DDT was used to control animals in the lake in a certain place in the United States, so that DDT remained in the lake, and the DDT content in zooplankton was more than 1 10,000 times that in the lake. Small fish eat zooplankton and big fish eat small fish, so that the DDT content of these big fish is as high as 8 million times that of lake water.

3. Harm of heavy metals to living things Some heavy metals such as manganese, copper and zinc are essential trace elements for living things, but most heavy metals such as mercury and lead are toxic to living things. Heavy metals such as mercury and lead in the ecological environment can also be bioaccumulated in a large number of organisms, thus causing serious harm.

The influence of 4.4. Effects of mercury on life activities of Daphnia.

It can be seen from demonstration experiments that mercury is toxic to Daphnia. Scientists have found that mercury in nature can be transformed into methyl mercury with more toxicity through the action of microorganisms in water. In the seawater polluted by methylmercury, algae plants change color and a large number of marine fish die. Scientists also found that PbCl2 solution with a mass concentration of only 4 mg/L can obviously inhibit the normal photosynthesis of spinach and tomato ... It can be seen that heavy metals such as mercury and lead are very harmful to the normal life activities of organisms.

5. Eutrophication is harmful to living things. Eutrophication refers to the phenomenon that the water quality deteriorates due to the excessive content of mineral elements necessary for plants such as N and P in the water. Water contains appropriate mineral elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are necessary for the growth and development of algae. But if these mineral elements enter the water body in large quantities, algae and other plankton will multiply in large quantities. After death, these organisms are first decomposed by aerobic microorganisms, which significantly reduces the dissolved oxygen content in water. Then, the biological debris will be decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms, producing toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide and methane, which will lead to a large number of deaths of aquatic organisms such as fish. Slow-flowing water bodies such as lakes and bays where eutrophication occurs are blue, red and brown due to different types of plankton. Eutrophication in ponds and lakes is called "water bloom" and in seawater is called "red tide". Industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and water discharged from farmland contain many mineral elements necessary for plants, such as N and P, which are discharged into ponds and lakes in large quantities, resulting in eutrophication of ponds and lakes. Eutrophication of ponds and lakes not only affects aquaculture, but also makes water contain carcinogens such as nitrite, which seriously affects the drinking water safety of people and livestock.

Two. Environment and human health

With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, many people breathe polluted air, drink polluted water and eat agricultural products grown from polluted soil all day, and the noise echoes in their ears ... Environmental pollution seriously threatens human health.

1. Air pollution and human health

Air pollution mainly refers to the chemical pollution of the atmosphere. Big > & gt