A complete explanation of the Chinese textbook "Beauty of Bridges" in the first semester of Grade 8.

"The bridge I have walked is longer than the road you have walked". Now, probably few people teach little boys in this tone! Naturally, you have to cross countless bridges in your life. Apart from the engineers who build bridges, I'm afraid painters have seen the most bridges.

Most artists like bridges, and I always look for them everywhere. How beautiful this bridge is! "Bridge Flowing Water" is of course poetic, but in fact it is more inclined to the formal beauty of painting: people's houses are blocks; Running water, it is a long line and a curve, and the line and the block form a relatively beautiful; Bridges intersect with flowing water, and their forms are more varied, which is also the medium between lines and surfaces. It is a bridge to communicate the morphological changes between lines and surfaces! If the stone bridge in Jiangnan water town or Venice is torn down, although the green water still bypasses others, it completely destroys the structural beauty and formal beauty in the eyes of the painter.

The structure of the stone arch bridge itself is very beautiful: round bridge opening, square stone, curved bridge back, square and circle get along harmoniously and appropriately, and the laws of mechanics often coincide with the laws of aesthetics. However, my love for the bridge is not focused on appreciating it as a large-scale handicraft, nor on its development since Li Chun's Zhao Zhouqiao, but on its various forms and functions in different environments.

Wuzhen, Mao Dun's hometown, has dense reeds on both sides of the river. It's really airtight. Whenever a stone bridge appears in it, the seemingly suffocating reed takes a deep breath and exhales a comfortable breath. The strong arc of arch bridge or the simple straight line of square bridge are in sharp contrast with reeds. In the early spring weather, slender willows are floating at the head of the stone bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, and slender hairsprings are blowing hard stones on the bridge. Even if you can't touch the breeze and the waning moon, the painter will be fascinated! The lake is wide and the water and sky are the same. In front of the simple and bright background, a long bridge suddenly appeared, like Wolong, with life, often hundreds of thousands of years. People cherish the beauty of this long bridge. The fake Lugou Bridge in the Summer Palace has only 17 holes, and baodai bridge in Suzhou has 53 holes. Take a slow look by boat, and you will feel as satisfied as reading an epic. Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and mountainous areas often encounter wind and rain bridges. The bridge deck is covered with cloisters and pavilions to shelter from the rain, which is an ideal location for embellishing characters in ancient landscape paintings. Because most of the bridges are rapids, people always stop here to enjoy waterfalls and flowing springs, and painters and photographers are bound to fight here.

Zhang Zeduan regards this bridge as the climax of the picture scroll of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Because the bridge is under the bridge, pedestrians and ships are bound to present a lively scene, and the strong life sentiment of the streets on both sides of the strait is also connected by the bridge to form a concentrated picture. The development of contradiction leads to the climax of drama, and the overlapping and interlacing of images constitute a rich picture. Bridges usually serve to overlap and stagger images. No wonder bridges are often encountered in paintings and photographs. At first glance, it's a bit monotonous. At the end of the path, a small bridge suddenly appeared. The reflection of the bridge is reflected in the river under the bridge, and the reflection is often punctured by duckweed and weeds. Whether it is a wooden bridge or a stone bridge, the vertical and horizontal figure and the water waves under the bridge jointly compose a tangible and colored movement. The field is silent, and painters love to hear the bridge sing in the silence. They look for the bridge just as children look for excitement. Between mountains and canyons, traffic depends on iron cable bridge and bamboo cable bridge. I have painted many cable bridges in Tibet, Xishuangbanna, Sichuan and other places, which are humanitarian cable bridges. In the eyes of the painter, the cable bridge is a line, an elastic line! It's hard to say what vitality an isolated line has. It is the precipitous environment that breeds the life of the bridge, and it is the various lines of rocks, trees and rapids that make the cable bridge obtain the line effect with unique vitality.

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is also a straight line from a distance. Is it beautiful? Is the straight line more in line with the new aesthetic? It is not appropriate to ask questions in general, nor can you answer them in general. In the treatment of art forms, it is often a small loss. In order to draw the Yangtze River Bridge, I climbed the Lion Mountain in Nanjing, just to find the points, lines and surfaces that set off, echo and extend the straight line of the bridge! In order to draw the Qiantang River Bridge, I climbed the hillside behind Pagoda of Six Harmonies twice, but I couldn't handle the relationship between the huge Pagoda of Six Harmonies and the Long Bridge, so I couldn't draw it. Although there are many weeping willows and peach blossoms all over the mountain, how can the color of the powder affect the beauty of the structure! On Cheng Kun Road, there are many straight bridges. The train keeps crossing the bridge, entering the hole, leaving the hole and crossing the bridge, almost bridge to hole and hole to bridge. Every time we cross the circular valley, we look forward and backward. Many bridges always cut steep slopes in a straight line, sometimes they look dangerous and beautiful, and sometimes they are dangerous and unattractive. Beauty and danger are not the same thing

Photographers and painters continue to explore the beauty of bridges. Small bridges have their own beauty. Someone painted the Magpie Bridge, which is not only meaningful, but also free and lively in form. Any image that plays a key role in composition and connection actually has the beauty of a bridge!

Brief introduction of the author

Wu Guanzhong, born in 19 19, is a modern painter in China. 1919 was born in a rural teacher's family in Yixing county, Jiangsu province on July 5. After graduating from junior high school, Wuxi Normal University was admitted to Zhejiang University as an agent of the provincial advanced industrial vocational school. From 65438 to 0936, he transferred to Hangzhou Art Institute, where he studied Chinese and Western painting with Li Chaoshi, Chang Shuhong and Pan Tianshou. /kloc-graduated from 0/942 and worked as a teaching assistant of National Chongqing University. 1946 went to France to study at public expense. 1947- 1950, studying oil painting in the studio of Professor Sufuerpi of Paris Institute of Fine Arts; At the same time, I studied in Lott's studio and studied art history at the Louvre Art History School with excellent results.

Wu Guanzhong returned to China in the autumn of 1950. He has taught in Central Academy of Fine Arts, Tsinghua University Department of Architecture, Beijing Institute of Art and Central Academy of Arts and Crafts. At present, he is a professor at the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, executive director of China Artists Association and member of China People's Political Consultative Conference.

In 1950s and 1970s, Wu Guanzhong devoted himself to the creation of oil painting landscapes and explored the nationalization of oil painting. He tried to combine the intuitive and vivid description of nature in European oil paintings with the traditional artistic spirit and aesthetic ideal of China. He is good at expressing the scenery of Jiangnan water town, such as the new green in early spring, thin mist, cottages by the water, white walls and black tiles, harmonious and fresh colors, quiet and beautiful realm, which makes the picture lyrical.

Since 1970s, Wu Guanzhong has gradually engaged in the creation of Chinese paintings. He tried to express the modern spirit with China traditional materials and tools, and explored the innovation of Chinese painting. His ink painting is novel in conception and unique in composition, and he is good at expressing poetry through the interweaving of points, lines and surfaces. He likes simple objects and expresses the musical rhythm and corresponding psychological feelings of nature in a semi-abstract form. It is not only rich in oriental traditional interest, but also has the characteristics of the times, which makes the viewers feel refreshed.

As an art educator, Wu Guanzhong pays attention to the cultivation of students' artistic personality. As a thoughtful artist, he is diligent in writing, with unique arguments and vivid and fluent words. Among them, the views of abstract beauty, formal beauty, form determines content, and life and art should be like kites have caused controversy in the art world. Related works

Representative works include Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and Lu Xun's Hometown. The representative works of Chinese painting include Chun Xue, Lion Forest and The Great Wall. His published works include Wu Guanzhong's Painting Collection, Selected Works of Wu Guanzhong's Painting, Sketch of Wu Guanzhong's Painting, Selected Works of Wu Guanzhong's Painting (1 ~ 4), Searching for Collection of East and West, Flying a Kite Non-stop, Far from the North, Whose Pink Book, etc.

Beauty of the Bridge is an aesthetic sketch of the famous painter Wu Guanzhong, which is selected from Wu Guanzhong's Sketch of Life. Poetic descriptive words and descriptive words are mixed together in this paper, which makes people influenced by beauty and gain some aesthetic common sense. However, the expression of individuality in this paper is in sharp contrast with the plain language in China Stone Arch Bridge.

Most of his early paintings are based on bridges, and the pictures are full of poetry and painting ~

[Edit this paragraph] Text discussion

1, word phonetic notation, interpretation

Aesthetic feeling: the feeling or experience of beauty.

Tone: (wěn), tone.

Spoil the scenery: (shā) spoil people's fun.

Epic: A long narrative poem describing heroic legends or major historical events.

Canyue: Sunset.

Ecstasy: the soul leaves the body. Describe extreme sadness, grief or extreme joy.

Mechanics: the study of the mechanical motion of objects and its application.

Vast: vast and far away.

Stop: stop.

Extreme vision: exhaustion of vision (hyperopia).

A miss is a thousand miles away: it means that although the difference is small, the error or mistake caused is great.

Left and right: This means superiority.

Looking forward and looking back: that is, "looking forward and looking back", looking forward and looking back is a metaphor for emotional instability.

2. Brief analysis of the text

This article is an explanatory essay. Its explanation lies in pointing out the beauty of the bridge in the painter's eyes, and then giving some concrete examples. When giving examples, the author did not explain them to readers in scientific and plain language, but described the scenery or expressed his feelings, and the words were expressive and infectious.

Article * * * Seven natural paragraphs.

The first paragraph: the article always begins like this, "The painter sees the bridge the most."

The second paragraph: Starting with the words "small bridge and flowing water", put forward a view. It "has the beauty of poetry, but actually has the formal beauty of painting", which leads to the following, talking about the beauty of the bridge from the painter's eyes.

The third paragraph: Narrating "the structure of the bridge itself is beautiful" and "the various forms and functions of the bridge in different environments" leads to the following description of the beauty of various bridges.

The fourth paragraph: after the above, it specifically reads:

(1) Wuzhen, the hometown of Mao Dun, "The strong arc of the arch bridge or the simple straight line of the square bridge are in sharp contrast with the reeds".

(2) The stone bridge in the south of the Yangtze River blends with the scenery beside the bridge, which "also fascinates the painter".

(3) The beauty of Wolong Long Bridge.

(4) The fake Lugou Bridge in the Summer Palace, baodai bridge in Suzhou, "You will feel as satisfied as reading an epic".

(5) The wind and rain bridges in mountainous areas of Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, the promenades and pavilions on the bridge deck, and the rapids and waterfalls under the bridge constitute beauty.

The fifth paragraph: The iron cable bridge and the bamboo cable bridge are based on the "Hongqiao" in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which shows that "the bridge often plays the role of overlapping and interlacing contact images" and "the line effect with unique vitality".

The sixth paragraph: Starting from the linear beauty of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, it tells the relationship between beauty and danger of Qiantang River Bridge and many linear bridges on Cheng Kun Road.

The seventh paragraph: from the bridge in reality to the "magpie bridge" in fantasy, and then point to the beauty of the bridge, which echoes the full text of the opening ceremony.

The language of this article is beautiful, expressive and infectious.

For example, in the second paragraph, "the stone bridge in Jiangnan water town or Venice was demolished, and it was clear that the green water still surrounded others, but it completely destroyed the structural beauty and formal beauty in the eyes of the painter." This passage, with beautiful language and lyrical color, uses hypothetical reasoning to realize the role of the bridge in setting off the environment in the world.

"The slender willows float at the head of Jiangnan stone bridge, and the slender hairspring blows the bridge hard stone. Even if you can't touch Xiaofeng's waning moon, it will fascinate the painter. " Draw a beautiful picture with poetic words, highlighting the harmonious beauty of the bridge and the surrounding scenery.

3. Question inquiry

1. What is the writing purpose of this article?

This paper discusses the aesthetic effect of bridges in different environments with the painter's standards and vision. It leads us to look at the beautiful scenery from another perspective. Some aesthetic principles revealed in this paper, such as focusing on contrast, change and harmony, are not only applicable to discovering, appreciating and tasting the beauty of bridges, but also can be used as general principles to carry out some aesthetic activities to improve readers' artistic appreciation.

The article lists four examples? What is the function of analysis?

In this paper, four examples are given to illustrate that the appearance, material and location of the bridge are different, which can contrast with the surrounding scenery without losing harmony.

The first example is about the special feeling brought by the combination of stone bridge and dense reed. Thick, solid and flat reeds make the space narrow and crowded, which makes people feel depressed; Occasionally, the stone bridge, with simple and clear outline, can make the space suddenly appear sparse and open, which is refreshing.

The second example is about the touching scenery created by Shiqiao and Liu Xi. The slender willow branches brush the thick and hard stones across the bridge, which constitutes two different types of beauty: masculine and feminine.

The third example is about the beauty of the long bridge. Long bridges are generally built on a relatively wide water surface, breaking the monotony of the background. At the same time, the long bridge that appears on the vast water surface is the embodiment of human creativity. In this sense, it seems to have life.

The fourth example is a unique bridge-Yufeng Bridge. The author said that the corridors and pavilions on Yufeng Bridge are "ideal places to decorate figures in ancient landscape paintings", giving people a relaxed and comfortable feeling, which is in sharp contrast with the feeling of dangerous peaks and beaches under the bridge.

3. What does the author think about the beauty of the bridge now? Summarize in concise language.

On the one hand, the structural beauty of the bridge itself; The more important aspect is the formal beauty of the bridge in different environments, that is, it has aesthetic functions.

4. Practice notes

1. In the author's opinion, where is the beauty of "bridge"? What do you think of this? What do you learn from it?

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students understand the main meaning of this article and talk about their own views.

The author does not focus on appreciating the "beauty of the bridge" from the structure of the bridge itself, but is more fascinated by the various forms and functions of the bridge in different environments. Students will be inspired in many ways, such as understanding that bridges have aesthetic functions in addition to practical functions, and there are picturesque scenery around their lives. You can also comment on a natural scenery or indoor layout from the author's point of view, and teachers should encourage and guide them in time.

Second, pay attention to the emotional taste of the following sentences.

1. Wuzhen, the hometown of Mao Dun, has dense reeds on both sides of the river. It's really airtight. Whenever there is a stone bridge between them, it seems that the suffocating reeds take a deep breath and breathe a comfortable breath.

2. In the early spring, slender willows floated at the head of the stone bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, and slender hairsprings blew hard stones on the bridge. Even if you can't touch the breeze and the waning moon, the painter will be fascinated!

3. Whether it is a wooden bridge or a stone bridge, the vertical and horizontal of its figure cooperates with the water waves under the bridge to form colorful music.

4. The fields are silent, and painters love to hear the bridge singing in land of silence. They look for the bridge just as children look for excitement.

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students understand the sentences with the author's personality in content and expression, improve their appreciation ability and cultivate their sense of language.

1. In fact, reeds will not be "bored" or "take a deep breath". It's just that people's feelings are projected on them. This shows that the author has been integrated with the surrounding environment.

2. Liuqiao is a common landscape in Jiangnan. The author defines time as the early spring weather when willows have just turned green and sprouted, and the bridge is a stone bridge. The contrast and contrast between the two kinds of scenery form a special aesthetic feeling. "The waning moon in Yang Liuan and Xiao Feng" is a famous sentence of Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty. What is said here is that "even if the waning moon in Xiao Feng can't be touched, the painter will be enchanted", and it is emphasized that the beautiful scenery composed of thin willow stone bridges is touching enough, and nothing else is needed to set it off.

3. This sentence means that the bridge crosses the water surface and crosses the flowing water under the bridge on the plane; At the same time, the color of the bridge and the color of the running water also set off each other. Bridge and running water are a whole piece of music.

4. The beauty of the bridge is a resounding announcement of its existence. The beauty of the bridge has a harmonious rhythm like music, which attracts painters to pursue the figure of the bridge all the time.

Thirdly, this article is quite different from the expository article "China Stone Arch Bridge" in content and writing. Please explain in detail.

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students know more about the characteristics of the explanatory text.

This article is an explanatory one. Its illustrative embodiment lies in pointing out the beauty of the bridge in the eyes of the painter, and then giving some concrete examples. However, unlike the normative expository article "China Stone Arch Bridge", the author did not explain it to readers in scientific and plain language when giving examples, but described the scenery or expressed his feelings, and the words used were very expressive and infectious.

[Edit this paragraph] Teaching suggestions

First, we should pay attention to the comparison with Chinese stone arch bridges. We can compare the two articles from two aspects: the main expressions used in the two articles and different reading feelings.

Second, painters are good at discovering beauty and feeling beauty in life. Although the scenery described in this paper is mainly painting, it is not far from the actual life experience of students. When teaching, we should pay attention to let students combine their own experiences and experiences, use their imagination, enter the situation described in the article, and have a * * * sound with the author.

Third, many sentences in this paper are rich in meaning but not in line with convention. Students may ask many questions. Teachers can practice the second question to help students understand the meaning of these sentences and let them try to figure out the meaning in repeated reading.