I love geography 2 Liu

Why is there only life on the earth among the eight planets? From near to far are the sun, mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The distance between the earth and the sun is moderate, the volume and mass are moderate, the cycle of day and night is suitable, the temperature is suitable, there is a lot of liquid water, and there is an atmosphere suitable for biological breathing. These are the conditions for life on the earth. In fact, other planets also have atmospheres. Venus's atmosphere is thicker than the earth's, but the main component is carbon dioxide, which has a strong heat preservation effect, making Venus's temperature too high. Mars also has a thin atmosphere. Only the composition of the earth's atmosphere is the most suitable. The earth's atmosphere consists of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor and solid impurities, of which 20% oxygen is necessary for life. In fact, there was not much oxygen in the early days of the earth's formation, mainly carbon dioxide. Amazingly, creatures appeared, thanks to the existence of water. Biological photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. Oxygen gradually increased and creatures began to land. It took hundreds of millions of years to get where we are today. This process is wonderful and long enough to arouse people's curiosity, so many scientists in the world are studying it. They are not for money, but for science, which deserves respect all over the world.

Anyone who has been on an airplane knows that an airplane can't fly until it climbs above the clouds. Why? Clouds are the product of water vapor convection and exist only in the troposphere. It entered the stratosphere at an altitude of about 10000 meters. There is no air convection suitable for flight, and the air convection in the troposphere bumps up and down, so the plane is prone to accidents in thunderstorm weather. The earth's atmosphere can be divided into five layers, each layer is different, which is the content of chapter 2. The earth's atmosphere not only provides us with breathing, but also protects us. The atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet rays, otherwise, living things would not exist. Comets, asteroids and cosmic matter will be burned when they enter the atmosphere, and only a few meteorites will fall. The atmosphere also blocks many cosmic rays that are harmful to people. With the atmosphere, the temperature of the earth will not be too high or too low, and a suitable temperature will always be maintained. So the atmosphere is an important part of the earth.

The atmosphere is moving, with vertical movement and horizontal movement. Because of movement, there are all kinds of weather and climate. Historically, due to the inconvenient transportation, some people have never traveled far in their lives, thinking that the climate of their hometown is the climate of the world and they don't understand the world. Before the craze for traveling abroad began, our country was nearly 20 years behind. It turns out that the world is so big and there are many differences among countries, which makes us feel the importance of geographical knowledge. There are more than 200 countries and regions in the world. How do we know what their climate is like? After learning geography, you will know that it is actually very simple. A scholar can know what's going on in the world without going out. Before learning geography well, he can learn about the situation in various countries.

Why are some areas hot all year round, some areas cold all year round, and some areas have four distinct seasons? This is the problem to be solved in this chapter of atmosphere. Weather and climate are related to temperature, air pressure, precipitation and atmospheric movement. Temperature is related to the sun, that is, latitude, air pressure is related to the vertical movement of the atmosphere, precipitation is related to the movement of water vapor, that is, humidity and temperature, and atmospheric movement is air pressure and wind. If we know the climate of the world, these problems will be understood.

The world is wonderful and the atmosphere is equally wonderful. Now that there are meteorological satellites, the weather forecast is more accurate. In history, people also have some experience in observing the weather, but the experience is only suitable for the local area and cannot be widely used. Weather proverb: When it rains, no rain shines on the top, and the cold wind sweeps for a long time, the weather will be fine and reliable. One autumn rain is cold, and ten autumn rains wear cotton. In fact, in the autumn rain in the north, you have to wear cotton without ten rains. There are ten fogs and nine sunny days, and there is little fog on cloudy days. It is sunny when it rains in the morning, and it rains until dawn at night. Warm after fog, cold after snow. March 9 is cold and hot. August 15th, Yun Zheyue, the 15th day of the first month. Not afraid of the first cloudy day, but afraid of the next day. The moon is dizzy in the middle of the night and the sun is dizzy at noon. Most of these proverbs are reasonable, while some are unreasonable. There are also many poems describing the weather in our country. In April, all the flowers in the world are in full bloom, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom, which is influenced by vertical zonality. At four o'clock in the spring in Luofu Mountain, Lu Juyangmei is the latest, and there are 300 lychees a day. I might as well grow up to be a Lingnan person. It is written that there is no winter in Lingnan. The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass. The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. The Yellow River is far above the white clouds. It is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. Why do Qiang people complain about willow trees? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. These are descriptions of continental climate. Summer monsoon is difficult to reach, winter is long and summer is short. Q: Autumn pond rises in the late rain, before you come back. It's the weather in Sichuan. Why does it rain all night in Bashan? Why is the spring breeze just Yumen Pass? Learn this chapter to explain.

1960, the United States launched its first meteorological satellite, and now there are more than 100 meteorological satellites in the sky, which have brought great benefits to people, especially the prediction of severe weather can reduce a large number of deaths and property losses, such as a hurricane that killed more than 300,000 people and a typhoon in China that killed tens of thousands of people. At present, the death toll of typhoons landing several times a year is only 100. The country with the largest number of typhoons in the world is China, with a quarter of 20-30 typhoons landing in China every year. Tornadoes are more powerful than typhoons. The United States is the country with the most tornadoes, with 400-500 times a year. The strongest tornado can throw hundreds of tons of oil tanks hundreds of meters. The rain, fish, money and animal carcasses recorded in history are all brought by tornadoes. One year, in a village in Gansu Province, a woman fell from the sky. People thought it was a monster, but it was actually a man from a neighboring village who was blown away by the wind. It's a good thing she didn't die. It was also a tornado.

The lowest temperature in the world is MINUS 90 degrees in Antarctica, and the lowest temperature in the northern hemisphere is 7 1 degree in Yansk and Oymyakon, Vilho, Russia, which is also the largest annual range exceeding 100 degrees. The highest temperature in the world is 58 degrees in Libya. The maximum precipitation is Mount Vail 1 1684 mm in Hawaii. The wettest days are in Chile, with an average of 325 days a year. Bogor, Du Lei, Indonesia, thundered the most, with 322 days. The driest desert is the Atacama desert in Chile, and it didn't rain for 14 years. The number of windy days in Antarctica is 3 10. The maximum hope angle of wind and waves is called storm angle by da gama. The strongest foehn wind rose 44 degrees on the eastern slope of the foundation in seven hours, melting most of the snow. The biggest snowstorm is 1979. It snowed for 36 hours and 7 meters in England. The biggest hail in America is three meters thick and weighs 680 grams. This is a wonderful world.

Nature has given us too many gifts and served us for thousands of years without compensation. The light and function of plants purify our air, rivers and lakes provide us with clean water, mountains and rivers give us land and minerals, and the sun selflessly provides light and heat. We are not grateful, and we never stop destroying our environment. Both smog and high temperature are related to our destruction of nature, not to mention the daily extinction of life. When will mankind wake up? When can we live in harmony with nature? Why are we so shortsighted? Think only of yourself and not future generations? The increase of greenhouse gases and global warming have disastrous consequences. Disaster weather increased, drought area increased, rainfall increased, grain production decreased, sea level rose, and coastal plains were flooded. What should humans do? When the sea water rises by 0.5 meters, the coastal farmland, villages and towns and ports will be destroyed, and the soil in the adjacent areas will be salinized and swamped, and the salt tide will increase. Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other coastal cities will have no fresh water, which is the most developed area in China. But we are still consuming a lot of fossil fuels in exchange for GDP. What will GDP bring to future generations? If you have more money, but you don't have clean air and water and you don't have safe food, can you call it happiness? If the quality of the whole people is improved, the quality of leaders will be high, and decision makers will not only focus on the present. It seems how important learning is.

We might as well learn from the ancients, who attached great importance to the harmony between man and nature and never exhausted their own resources. They are not demanding, enjoy the gift of nature, respect nature, appreciate nature and protect it. Look at how many classical poems about nature. In my north and south, spring is flooding. Day after day, I only see seagulls. Xishan is covered with snow all year round, and the three cities are heavily stationed; Nanjiao Bridge spans the majestic Jinjiang River. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. The Tatar geese come from the Moon River, which is thinner along the Huaihe River and wider along the South Mountain. When those red berries come in spring, they flush on the branches of your southern country. Take them home for me as a symbol of our love. Too many. Pick whatever you want. How many people can write such poems today? Most of the 24 solar terms, including China, are related to the weather and climate, which is also the result of the ancient people's long-term observation of nature. The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice, winter solstice, beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter represent seasonal changes; Slight heat, severe heat, intense heat, slight cold and severe cold indicate temperature changes; Rain, Grain Rain, light snow, heavy snow, white dew and cold dew, while the first frost means precipitation and water vapor condensation. Before the cold dew is cold, the frost has changed. 10 8 cold dew, the weather is getting colder and colder. 1There should be a snow in the northeast of the early frost on October 23, with a difference of no more than one week. The ancients were great, and we must never underestimate them. For thousands of years, the wisdom of China people has attracted the attention of the world, but modern people have not inherited much. Looking west in an all-round way is the sorrow of China people.

Geography is not only scientific knowledge, but also contains great wisdom and profound philosophy.

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