Which geography is more important?

Knowledge points in the second volume of geography in the first day of junior high school

All regions of the world

(1) Asia

1. Asia is the largest continent in the world, with the widest latitude and the farthest distance from east to west.

2. Tell the latitude position and land and sea position of Asia by map.

3. The terrain in Asia is high in the middle and low around, and the terrain is complex and diverse.

Characteristics of Asian rivers: Originating in the central mountains and plateaus, they flow radially to the surrounding oceans, forming countless long rivers.

Climatic characteristics of Asia: complex and diverse, with remarkable monsoon climate and extensive continental climate distribution.

The most widely distributed climate type in Asia is temperate continental climate.

Asia is a vast country with a large population of about 3.68 billion. East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia are densely populated areas;

Asian countries with a population of over 6,543.8 billion include China, Indian, Indonesian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Japanese.

5.* * * There are about 1000 ethnic groups in Asia, and ethnic groups in different regions have created their own cultures.

The birthplace of the three major civilizations in Asia: the Yellow River-the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Indus valley; Two river basins (Mesopotamia Plain).

6. Asia's economic development is unbalanced, with Japan as a developed country and others as developing countries.

(2) Western Europe

1. Use the map to tell the location, scope and main countries of Western Europe.

2. Western Europe is dominated by plains, with temperate maritime climate in coastal areas and temperate continental climate in inland areas.

The climate in the south is Mediterranean, plateau and mountain, and the climate in the north is cold.

3. Western Europe is mainly developed countries, mainly manufacturing, with developed traditional animal husbandry. Western Europe has developed tourism.

(3) Antarctica

1. Use the map to tell the location and scope of Antarctica: the southernmost point of the earth, most of which is located in the Antarctic circle.

Antarctica is the highest in the world, with the highest latitude, the highest average elevation, the longest longitude span and the coldest climate.

3. The topography of Antarctica is mainly plateau, which is called "ice plateau", with an average thickness of over 2000 meters and abundant fresh water resources.

4. Climatic characteristics of Antarctica: dryness, strong wind and severe cold.

5. Antarctica is rich in mineral resources and rare in plant species.

(4) Japan

1. Japan is an island country in the Pacific Northwest. Its territory consists of four big islands, including Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and thousands of small islands.

Surrounding waters, the capital is Tokyo.

2. The terrain of Japan is dominated by mountains and hills, and the plain area is narrow. The highest mountain is Mount Fuji, which is a famous active volcano. Japan is located.

There are many volcanic earthquakes at the junction of Asia-Europe plate and Pacific plate. Transportation is mainly by sea.

3. Japan is located in the middle latitude, and its climate is dominated by subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate.

4. Japan is rich in water resources and has a high forest coverage rate.

Japan is short of natural resources, and the raw materials and fuels needed for its development mainly depend on imports.

6. Japan is the only developed country in Asia, with strong scientific and technological strength, most of its products are sold to the international market, and its economy is highly dependent on foreign countries.

Japan's industrial layout is coastal. In order to facilitate the introduction of raw materials, export industrial products, reduce transportation costs and reduce costs,

Japan's industries are mainly distributed along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast.

(5) Russia

1. Russia is the largest country in the world, with a length of 1000 kilometers from east to west and a width of about 4,000 kilometers from north to south, with an area of17,075,400 square meters.

Kilometers, the territory spans Asia and Europe. The capital is Moscow.

2. The main landforms of Russia are Eastern Europe Plain, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau and Eastern Siberia Mountain from west to east.

3. The Volga River in Russia is the longest inland river in the world, and Lake Baikal is the deepest lake and a freshwater lake in the world.

4. Russia is located in the middle and high latitudes, with a temperate continental climate, with long and cold winters and short and warm summers.

Siberia, a part of Asia, is the source of cold air in winter, with low annual average temperature.

5. Find out the main Russian rivers on the map: ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River. (All injected into the Arctic Ocean from south to north)

6. Russia is rich in natural resources and developed in heavy industry. Define the locations of Kursk Iron Mine, Tyumen Oilfield and Kuzbas Coal Mine on the map.

Russian industries are close to resource-rich places. The main industrial zones are Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk.

Industrial areas, etc. , which can be found on the map.

7. Russia has a complete transportation department, with developed railway, highway, aviation, inland river, ocean and pipeline transportation, but the transportation lines are in the European part.

And parts of Asia are unevenly distributed.

(6) America

1. The United States is located on the North American continent and consists of 50 states, including 48 states on the mainland and the District of Columbia, where the capital, Washington, is located.

There are also two overseas states, Alaska and Hawaii. The main body of the United States is located in the north temperate zone, and Alaska is located in.

In the northern cold zone, Hawaii is located in the tropics.

2. The main part of the United States (mainland) is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Gulf of Mexico in the south.

3. The topography of the United States is columnar in north and south, with Rocky Mountains in the west, Central Plains in the middle and Appalachian Mountains in the east.

The Mississippi River in the United States is the fourth longest river in the world, and the Great Lakes Group at the border with Canada is the largest freshwater lake group in the world.

Among them, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake.

The agriculture and industry in America are very developed, which is the most developed country in the world.

6. American agriculture has the characteristics of regionalization. The proportion of people engaged in agriculture in the United States is small, but the efficiency is high and the output is large. America is

The country that exports the most agricultural products in the world. Remember the distribution of agricultural belts in the United States with maps.

7. American industry is dominated by high-tech industries. Among the three industrial zones, the northeast industrial zone is dominated by traditional industries, and the southern industrial zone is dominated by aerospace.

Industry-oriented, the western industrial zone is dominated by electronics industry.

8. The United States has a developed industry, a serious waste of resources, and needs a lot of imports.

(vii) Australia

1. Australia is located in the South Pacific Ocean, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the west and south, and the capital Canberra. Sydney is Australia.

The largest industrial center and port city, Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia.

2. Australia has a small population density, and it is a country with a vast territory and a sparse population.

3. The topography of Australia is divided into three parts, the western part is a low plateau, and the central part is a great plain, which is rich in groundwater and is typically large.

Gravity basin (great basin), with great watershed in the east.

Murray river, the largest river in Australia, flows into the Indian Ocean from the southeast.

5. Tropic of Capricorn passes through central Australia, and the climate has the characteristics of semi-circular distribution, and the tropical grassland climate and tropical desert climate have a large distribution area.

6. Because Australia has been isolated from the southern hemisphere for a long time, its biological uniqueness is very prominent. The endemic animals are kangaroos and emus.

Platypus, koala, etc.

7. Australia has a large number of sheep and is the country with the largest export of sheep and wool in the world. Known as "the country riding on the back of sheep".

8. Agriculture and animal husbandry plays an important role in Australia, and four different agricultural and animal husbandry areas have been formed by using the natural conditions in different regions.

9. Australia is rich in mineral resources, with a significant proportion of mineral exports, and is called "a country sitting on a mine car".

10, Australia's cities and population are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas.