Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Geographical environment of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County

Geographical environment of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County

The paddock belongs to north (cold) temperate zone-middle temperate zone, semi-humid-semi-arid, continental monsoon type and plateau-mountain climate. Winter is long and summer is short; In summer, due to the influence of subtropical warm and high pressure, southerly winds prevail, the weather is warm and rainy, and there is no obvious midsummer season; The winter half year is controlled by Siberian cold high pressure, prevailing northerly winds, and the climate is cold and dry. Spring and autumn are the transitional seasons of these two kinds of air masses, with changeable wind direction, complicated weather and drastic temperature changes. The temperature rises quickly in spring, the weather is dry and rainy, and the temperature drops quickly in autumn, and the climate is cool and pleasant. Moreover, the climatic conditions in different areas above and below the dam are very inconsistent, and the microclimate is very different.

radiation

The annual total solar radiation in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 127 ~ 134 kcal/cm2, in which the solar radiation to sunny slopes is more. Its distribution trend is less in the north and more in the south. The seasonal distribution is mostly in spring and summer, accounting for 64% of the total solar radiation in the whole year, and the winter radiation is the smallest, only 530 kcal /cm2 in 65438+February. The average physiological radiation during ≥0℃, ≥5℃, ≥ 10℃, ≥ 15℃ and ≥20℃ were 99.90, 83.90, 57.70, 50.20 and 15.50 kcal/cm2, respectively. The solar radiation during the crop growing period from May to September is 73.60 kcal/cm2, accounting for 55% of the total annual radiation.

sunlight

The annual average sunshine hours in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County are 2577 ~ 2832 hours; The sunshine percentage is 58% ~ 64%. Among them, the sunshine hours from April to September are nearly 1500 hours, accounting for more than 55% of the annual sunshine hours; The sunshine hours in the growing period of crops reach 1200 or more, accounting for more than 43% of the sunshine hours in the whole year. Most crops in the county are short-term crops in one season, which can meet the demand of crops for light energy.

temperature

The annual average temperature in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is between-0.50 and 6.00℃, the annual average maximum temperature is between 7.00 and13.00℃, and the annual average minimum temperature is between-8 and 4℃. The annual extreme maximum temperature is 39.40℃, which occurred on July 14, 2000.

After the 1980s, there was a continuous warm winter, and the annual average temperature changed obviously. From 199 1 to 2005, the annual average temperature was 5.80℃, which was 1. 10℃ higher than that before the 1980s. The temperature changes most obviously from June 5438 to March, which are 1.40, 2.70 and 1.50℃ higher than the historical average respectively. It rises to 0.60℃ in summer.

deposit

The annual precipitation in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 300 ~ 560 mm, and the temporal and spatial distribution is quite different. In terms of geographical distribution, there is less rain in the west, less rain in the east and more rain in the middle. According to the seasonal distribution, the precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer, and the precipitation from June to August accounts for 68%-72% of the annual precipitation, while the precipitation in spring is less, accounting for only 12%- 15% of the annual precipitation. In winter, the precipitation in Bashang area in the north is more than that in the south-central area, which can reach more than 10 mm, and it is 3 ~ 5 mm in other towns and villages. The precipitation during crop growth accounts for about 85% of the whole year.

From 199 1 to 2005, the average precipitation did not change obviously, but there was a relatively rainy period and a little rainy period during 15. 199 1 ~ 1999 is a relatively rainy stage, with an average precipitation of 535.80 mm; After 2000, it was a relatively dry period, especially in 2000-2002, when severe droughts occurred continuously. In June and July of 2000, the precipitation was only 59.70 mm, and the spring drought of 200/kloc-0 lasted until May. In spring and summer of 2002, drought appeared intermittently. The precipitation in May was only 5.20 mm, and that in July was 22.70 mm. The drought was very serious. In 2003, there were three historical extremes of precipitation, namely, the precipitation in August was only 10.40 mm, which was the least in the same period in history; The precipitation in September was 198.00 mm, the highest in the same period in history. The annual total precipitation reached 604.00 mm, the highest in history.

evaporate

The annual average evaporation is about 149 1. 10 mm, with the smallest evaporation in winter and the largest evaporation in summer. From the ratio of evaporation to precipitation, it is the largest in spring, and the evaporation is 8 ~ 10 times of precipitation, resulting in serious soil water loss, which leads to spring drought and sandstorm weather.

frost season

The frost period in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is very different. Before 1980, the first frost in the south-central region was September 20th, the last frost was May 14, and the frost-free period was 128. The first frost in northwest China is September 12, the final frost is May 25th, and the frost-free period is11day. The first frost on Bashang Plateau is August 25th, the last frost is June 22nd, and the frost-free period is 63 days. 1980 to 2005, the first frost day in this county was delayed to September 21; The final frost date is advanced to May 8th; The frost-free period in each district was extended by 3 ~ 4 days respectively.

earth temperature

The annual average ground temperature in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 7.90℃, and the extreme maximum ground temperature is 68.90℃, which appeared on1July 6, 1992. The extreme ground minimum temperature is -36.70℃, which appeared on March 6th 197 1. The average first days of 5.00 cm ground temperature passing through 12℃, 14℃ and 15℃ are 10/5 and 18/5 respectively.

Frozen soil/ground/soil

198 1 ~ 1990, and the annual average frozen soil depth of Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County in Weichang is 103.20 cm. After 199 1 year, due to the warming climate, the depth of frozen soil becomes shallow, and most years are less than 100.00 cm. By 2005, the average frozen soil depth of 15 was 90.20 cm. According to many years' investigation and statistics, there are more than 470 genera and more than 70 species or varieties of plants 1 100 in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, including more than 70 species of macrofungi in more than 30 families, more than 200 species of bryophytes in 35 families, more than 20 species of pteridophytes 12 families and 3 gymnosperms. There are many species that form a huge plant community, some of which are national or provincial protected plants, and some are rare local species. Except for artificial introduction from other places (including before the founding of the People's Republic of China), it is purely a local variety.

Macrofungi include Hericium erinaceus, Auricularia auricula, Coral and Armillaria mellea, namely hazelnut, Tricholoma, Ganoderma lucidum and so on.

The local rare or newly confirmed plants are: Zhaoshanbai, Pyrola, Stinky Abies, Birch, Yellow Rouge Flower, Oriental Strawberry, etc.

The plants available for landscaping include: Pinus tabulaeformis, juniper, spruce, Juglans mandshurica, Begonia, Cortex Phellodendri, Acer negundo, Fraxinus microphylla, Mume, Rhododendron, Sambucus williamsii, Rhododendron dahuricum, Rosa davurica, Lonicera japonica, Podophyllum, Prunus armeniaca, etc.

Precious plants for drinking or medicine include: Hippophae rhamnoides, almond, Lespedeza, Caragana microphylla, Acanthopanax Senticosus, Rhamnus, Eupatorium adenophorum, Astragalus, Pyrrosia, Hypericum japonicum, Chelidonium majus, Datura stramonium, rice, Artemisia annua, Polygonum aviculare and so on.

There are 323 species of vertebrates in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, belonging to 5 classes, 28 orders, 78 families 183 genus, among which 23 species of fish, including Lepidoptera, crucian carp and loach, belong to 4 orders, 5 families, 2 1 genus. Amphibians 1 order, 3 families and 5 species, such as Rana chensinensis and Bufo bufo gargarizans. Reptiles 1 order, 5 families, 5 genera 15 species, such as tiger-spotted-necked snake, commonly known as pheasant neck, double-brocade snake, commonly known as flower belt. There are 228 species, belonging to 16 orders, 50 families, 12 1 genus, among which bustard, white stork, black stork and bald stork are national first-class protected animals. Belonging to the national second-class protected animals, there are swans, mountain eagles, black-eared chickens, cranes, white-naped cranes, prairie eagles, black hawks, goshawks, sparrows, white-tailed owls, falcons, kestrels, vultures, long-eared owls, small owls with longitudinal abdomen and so on. There are 5 1 species of breast steel, belonging to 6 orders, 35 genera 15 families, among which leopard and sika deer are national first-class protected animals; The national second-class protected animals include black bear, lynx, rabbit monkey, mink, otter, leopard cat, red deer, Mongolian antelope, impala and so on.