Historical weather in Tian Tong

Folk story: Yu is the son of Gun, also known as the secret word. Legend has it that he was born in Xiqiang (now Gansu, Ningxia and southern Inner Mongolia), and then moved to Chong with his father (now near Dengfeng, Henan). When Yao was named, he was also called or Bo. He was the founder of Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China, and also the founder of slave society.

When Yao was in office, there was a big flood in the Yellow River basin, crops were flooded, houses were destroyed, and people had to move to higher ground. Yao convened a tribal alliance meeting to discuss water control. He asked the leaders of four tribes for advice: Who should be sent to control the flood? The leaders all recommend guns (sound gǔn).

Yao doesn't believe in guns. The leader said: "There is no better talent than a gun now. Please try! " Yao reluctantly agreed.

It took Gun nine years to control the water, but he didn't subdue the flood. Because he only knew how to cover up with water and build dams, the flood collapsed and became more fierce.

After replacing Yao as the leader of the tribal alliance, Shun personally went to the place where the water was controlled. He found that Gun was ineffective, so he killed Gun and asked Gun's son Yu to control the water.

Yu changed his father's practice and introduced the flood into the sea by opening canals to drain water and dredge rivers. He worked with the people, wearing a hat and holding a shovel, taking the lead in digging holes and collecting soil, so tired that he polished the hair on his calf.

After 13 years of efforts, the flood was finally led to the sea, and the land can be used to grow human crops again.

Shortly after the wedding, in order to control water, I ran around and passed his house three times, but I didn't go in. The first time, my wife was ill and didn't go home to visit. The second time, my wife was pregnant and didn't come home to visit. The third time, his wife Tu Shanshi gave birth to his son Qi, and the baby cried. I passed by the door and heard crying, but I didn't go in to visit.

At that time, there was a mountain in the middle reaches of the Yellow River called Longmen Mountain (in the northwest of Hejin County, Shanxi Province). It blocked the river and made it very narrow. The river running eastward is blocked by Longmen Mountain, which often overflows the river and causes floods. When Yu got there, he observed the terrain, led people to dig the Longmen, and made a big hole in the mountain. In this way, the river is unimpeded.

Dayu had three treasures when he governed the Yellow River. One is the river map; The second is a mountain axe; The third is to fix the needle of Poseidon. Legend has it that the river map was given to Dayu by Hebo, the water god of the Yellow River. "2" In ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi in Tongyong Township of Huayin. He felt uncomfortable farming and wanted to become an immortal. He heard that people can become immortals after drinking the juice of daffodils for 100 days, so he looked for daffodils everywhere.

Before Dayu harnessed water, the Yellow River flowed to the Central Plains. There is no fixed channel, it flows everywhere and is often flooded. There are seven strands and eight roads on the ground, and the gullies are all Yellow River water. Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, often crossing, crossing and dealing with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days passed in the blink of an eye, and then I found a daffodil and sucked the juice of the daffodil for a day, so I could become an immortal. Feng Yi was so proud that he crossed the Yellow River and went to a small village to look for daffodils. The water here is not deep. Feng Yi waded across the river and reached the middle of it. Suddenly, the river rose. He panicked, slipped, fell into the Yellow River and was drowned alive.

After Feng Yi's death, she was full of grievances and resentments and hated the Yellow River, so she went to the Jade Emperor to sue the Yellow River. The Jade Emperor was also annoyed when he heard that the Yellow River was undisciplined and wandering around, endangering the people. Seeing that Feng Yi had been sucking the juice of daffodils for ninety-nine days, it was time to become an immortal. He asked Feng Yi if he would be the water god of the Yellow River and govern it. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of promises. Now I can realize my dream of becoming an immortal, and secondly I can avenge my drowning.

Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was called Hebo. He has never been involved in water control, and suddenly assumed the responsibility of managing the Yellow River, helpless and worried. What should we do? I have no magic weapon, so I have to ask the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him that to manage the Yellow River well, we must first find out the water conditions of the Yellow River and draw a river map. Based on the water conditions of the Yellow River, it will be much easier to control the Yellow River.

Hebo, according to the instructions of the Jade Emperor, was bent on drawing a river map. He went to his hometown first and wanted to ask the villagers for help. Everyone in the village hates his leisure and his work, and no one cares about him. He found the old man in the village and expressed his great ambition to govern the Yellow River. When the old man saw that he was now a fairy and wanted to do something good for the people, he promised to help him. From then on, Hebo and later old people came and went in the rain, wading through mountains and rivers to see the Yellow River water regime. After running for several years, the old man was tired. After the old man only went back, the rest of Hebo continued to check the water situation along the Yellow River. When we parted, the old man repeatedly told Hebo that the director should go all the way and not give up halfway. After drawing the map, he began to manage the Yellow River, and there was not enough manpower. He persuaded the villagers to help.

It is a hard job to check the water regime and draw a river map. By the time Hebo finished drawing the river map, he was old and weak. Hebo looked at the river map, where the Yellow River is deep and shallow; Where it is easy to explode, it is easy to explode; Where to dig and where to block; Where the water can be cut off and where the flood can be discharged are clearly drawn. I can only sigh that I have no strength to manage the Yellow River according to the map, which is very sad. Hebo thought that one day someone would come to harness the Yellow River. It will be worthwhile to give him the river map then.

Hebo spent his old age under the Yellow River and never appeared again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River overflowed again and again. People know that the Jade Emperor sent Hebo to control water, but they didn't see him. They all scold Hebo for not doing his duty, regardless of whether people live or die.

The old man hasn't seen Hebo for several years after waiting for him every day in his hospital bed. He is uneasy about managing the Yellow River and wants to find Hebo. His son's name is Yi, and he shot every shot. No matter what the old man says, Yi won't let him go to Hebo. Later, the old man did not listen to his son's dissuasion. As a result, he met a breach in the Yellow River, was washed away and drowned, and even the body was not found. Hou Yi hated Hebo's guts and gnashed his teeth, saying that Hebo would be shot sooner or later.

Later, Dayu came out to control water, and Hebo decided to give him the map of the Yellow River.

On this day, Hebo heard that Dayu came to the Yellow River with an axe and a sword to avoid water, so he came out from the bottom with a river map to look for Dayu. Hebo and Dayu have never met before, and neither of them knows each other. Hebo walked for a long time and was so tired that he wanted to have a rest. He saw a young man crossing the river. This young man is a hero. He must be Dayu. Hebo shouted and asked, "Hello, who are you?"

The young man on the other side is not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up, and on the other side of the river, a saint-like old man was asking loudly, "Who are you?"

Hebo said loudly, "I'm Hebo. Are you Dayu? "

When Hou Yi heard that it was Hebo, he immediately rushed to his heart and sneered, "I am Dayu." Said the bow and arrow, don't ask, don't indiscriminate, "sou" an arrow, hit Hebo's left eye. Hebo pulled an arrow on his eye, and he was sweating with pain. He cursed in his heart: "Damn prison, how unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the more angry he became, and he tore up the water map. Just then, there was a loud shout: "Hebo! Don't tear the picture. " Hebo barely looked at it with his right eye. On the other side, a man in a hat stopped Hou Yi. This man is Dayu. He knew that Hebo had painted a picture of the Yellow River and was going to ask Hebo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Dayu away and tried to draw a bow and arrow. Dayu grabbed him desperately and told Hebo about the hardships of painting. Hou Yi regretted his recklessness and shot Hebo in the left eye.

Hou Yi and Dayu crossed the river together. Hou Yi admitted his mistake to Hebo. Hebo knew that Hou Yi was the old man's son and didn't blame him. Dayu said to Hebo, "I'm Dayu, and I've come to ask you for advice on how to manage the Yellow River."

Hebo said: "My heart and blood and the method of river management are all on this picture, and I will give them to you now."

Look at Dayu's exhibition map, which is dense and dense, and draws the water situation of the Yellow River clearly. Dayu was extremely happy. He wants to thank Hebo. Looking up, Hebo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared.

Dayu got the hydrological map of the Yellow River and kept it around the clock. According to the instructions on the map, he finally managed to control the Yellow River.

Shenbaiyu, located 5 kilometers southeast of Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, is said to be the place where Dayu surveyed the water situation and tied his horse to a cypress tree by the river to rest. Later generations built a Wang Yu Temple by the river here as a memorial. At the foot of Huiji Mountain in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, people also built Dayu's mausoleum, Yuling, to commemorate his great achievements.

In the process of Dayu's water control, he left many touching deeds. According to legend, with the help of his original measuring tools-ruler and ruler, he traveled all over the north and south of the river, split the Longmen and Izui with a magic axe, and cut through Jishi Mountain and Qingtongxia to make the river unimpeded. He has lived away from home for 13 years, but he hasn't entered the house three times. Even his newborn child didn't have time to caress him. He took the lead in suffering, and the hair on his legs was polished in labor. He is the first hero in the history of China who successfully managed the Yellow River flood.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, economic and cultural exchanges between countries continued, various works were written in different ways, and records on river affairs gradually increased. Yu Gong, written in the Warring States Period, is a book devoted to the geographical situation. Based on the story of Dayu's flood control, the book describes the mountains, rivers, borders and tributes in China in detail according to the geographical area of Kyushu.

Later generations praised Yu's achievements in water control and called him Dayu.

When Shun was old, he found an heir, just like Yao. Everyone chose because of his meritorious service in water control. After Shun's death, Yu inherited the leadership position of the tribal alliance.

At this time, it has reached the late stage of the clan commune. With the development of productive forces, what a person produces is not only to maintain his own life, but also surplus. The leaders of clans and tribes took advantage of their position and took the surplus products as their private property and became nobles of clans. With the surplus products, wars broke out between tribes, captured prisoners, stopped killing, and turned them into slaves to work for nobles. In this way, the two classes of slaves and slave owners gradually formed, and the clan commune began to collapse.

Due to Yu's achievements in water control, the prestige and power of tribal alliance leaders have been improved. According to legend, when Yu was old, he traveled eastward to Huiji Mountain (in Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and gathered many tribal leaders. All the people who went to see jade held jade in their hands, and the ceremony was very grand. There was a tribal leader named Fang Feng who didn't attend the meeting. I thought I wouldn't do it, so I beheaded Fang Feng. This shows that Yu at that time had changed from a tribal alliance leader to a veritable king. Yu once had an assistant named, who helped Yu manage politics. After his death, his son Boyi also became Yu's assistant. According to the abdication system, Boyi should have been the heir of Yu. However, after Yu's death, the nobles of the Xia tribe where Yu lived supported Yu's son Qi to inherit Yu's throne.

In this way, the tribal alliance election system in the clan commune period was officially abolished and became the hereditary system of the throne. The first slavery dynasty in Chinese history-Xia Dynasty appeared. 《3 》; There are relics and rumors about Dayu everywhere in our country. There are Yu ruins and Yu palaces in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province. There is Yumen in Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province; There is Yumenkou in Hejin County, Shanxi Province; There is a site of Wang Yucheng at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain in Xia County, Shanxi Province. There is Yuwangtai in the suburb of Kaifeng, Henan; Yuxian has Yu Wang Suojiao Well; There is a collection of Yugong at the eastern end of Guishan Mountain in Wuhan, Hubei Province; There is a stone tablet of Wang Yu on the top of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan. Even in Nanjiang County, southwest Sichuan Province, there is a Yu Palace. In Luoyang, Henan Province, there is a legend that Dayu dug Longmen. These Dayu sites all over China are engraved with Dayu's great achievements and people's thoughts. Dayu was the most respected among the great men in ancient China.

According to textual research, Dayu's flood control area at that time was in the present eastern Hebei, eastern Henan, western and southern Shandong, and northern Huaihe River. Once, they came to the southern suburbs of Luoyang, Henan. There is a high mountain here, which belongs to the residual vein of Qinling Mountain and continues to Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue Mountain. The mountain peak is strange and majestic, just like a natural barrier that runs from east to west. There is a natural gap in the middle of the mountain, and a trickle flows slowly through the gap. However, when the flood broke out, the river was blocked by the mountain, forming a vortex at the gap, and the rushing river endangered the safety of the surrounding people. Dayu decided to concentrate his manpower on water control and clear the way in the mountains. Hard work damaged stone tools, wood products and bone tools. The loss of people is even greater. Some people were cut by rocks, some fell up the mountain and died, and some people were swept away by the flood. However, they are still unwavering and insist on splitting the mountain. In this hard day and night, Dayu's face was tanned, tired and thin. Even the hair on his calf has been polished, and his toenails have fallen off because he has been soaked in water for a long time, but he is still operating and commanding. Driven by him, the water control progressed rapidly, and the mountain finally opened suddenly, forming a confrontation between two walls. The flood rushed thousands of miles down the river, and the river was unblocked from then on.

Dayu was recommended as Shun's assistant because of his meritorious service in water control. Seventeen years later, after Shun's death, he succeeded to the throne as the leader of the tribal alliance. Later, Qi, the son of Dayu, established the first slave country in China-Xia Dynasty, so later generations also called him Xia Dynasty. Yu Xia died and was buried in Maoshan. Later generations renamed Maoshan Huiji Mountain because Yu held a grand ceremony here to reward the princes. This is the origin of Dayu tomb in Shaoxing. Today, the jade spirit bear will meet the mountain, the pavilion mountain and the fish pond. 1979, a pavilion with cornices and horns was rebuilt in Dayu's tomb and stood at the end of the tunnel. Inside stands a huge monument of "Dayu's Tomb" inscribed by Amin Nandaji. The ancient pagoda around the pavilion is flat and gloomy, with green pine and bamboo, quiet and elegant. There are Yu-Xue Pavilion and Yu-Xue Pavilion in the south of the pavilion, which are the places where predecessors studied Yu's tombs.

Dayu has benefited the people and will always be praised by Chinese descendants. Dayu's fighting spirit will always be remembered by Chinese people. When people come to Shaoxing, they will never forget to visit Dayu's tomb in the southeast of the city.

As for which "water" Dayu governs, how to govern it? The traditional view seems a little exaggerated. The legendary Longmen lies between Hancheng, Shaanxi and Hejin, Shanxi. At this time, cliffs stand on both sides of the Yellow River, which is very dangerous. It is said that Dayu carved it here, so Longmen is also called Yumenkou. However, according to the construction technology level of Xia Dynasty, it is absolutely impossible to complete such a big project. He also said that Dayu designated the world (the whole country) as Kyushu according to different water systems. In fact, the territory of early summer has never been so big. Many legends are inevitably contradictory and difficult to justify.

The new theory is that Dayu did not control the surging waters of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. At that time, the flood was really a transgression, that is, the sea level rose and the sea water flowed back to the land. This is worldwide, so many ethnic groups have legends of being flooded. After the flood receded, the ground was covered with mud, so it was not convenient for farming without treatment. It is this kind of field management that Dayu manages. This is roughly in line with what Confucius said: "Do your best and live in a ditch". Mencius and said, "When Yao was in power, floods flowed all over the world." . "When Yao was in power, the water ran counter to China". Most rivers in China originate in the west and flow eastward. No matter how big or small the water is, it will not "cross flow" or "retrograde". Only when the sea water flows back from east to west will it appear.

The traditional saying is: Shun ordered Gun to control water, and Gun only knew how to slap and irrigate, and was killed by Shun after his failure. Gun's son, Yu, accepted the lesson of his father's failure in water control and switched to dredging, which finally succeeded. Historical facts are not that simple, and guns are not that stupid. Failure or success is always caused by many factors. Ancient books such as Guoyu said that Dayu also used the method of "filling" to control water. & lt<<<<< < the historical significance of Dayu's water control, Dayu led the people in fighting floods in natural disasters and finally won. Facing the surging flood, Dayu learned a lesson from the failure of gun control, changed the method of "blocking" and diverted the flood, which showed that he had the intelligence to lead the people to overcome difficulties. In order to control the flood, Dayu fought against foreigners for many years, regardless of family planning, and "failed to enter the house", which reflected the lofty spirit of putting all his personal efforts into the cause of benefiting the people. What is particularly commendable is that Dayu actively organized everyone to control water and surrendered the flood wholeheartedly. This persistent spirit and firm belief are great. Under the leadership of Dayu, the people and Qi Xin worked together to overcome the disaster.

This legend embodies the Chinese nation's spirit of hard work, wisdom, courage, dedication, perseverance and unity to overcome difficulties.

Ruins and rumors of Dayu

There are relics and rumors about Dayu everywhere in our country. There are Yu ruins and Yu palaces in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province. There is Yumen in Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province; There is Yumenkou in Hejin County, Shanxi Province; There is a site of Wang Yucheng at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain in Xia County, Shanxi Province. There is Yuwangtai in the suburb of Kaifeng, Henan; Yuxian has Yu Wang Suojiao Well; There is a collection of Yugong at the eastern end of Guishan Mountain in Wuhan, Hubei Province; There is a stone tablet of Wang Yu on the top of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan. Even in Nanjiang County, southwest Sichuan Province, there is a Yu Palace. In Luoyang, Henan Province, there is a legend that Dayu dug Longmen. These Dayu sites all over China are engraved with Dayu's great achievements and people's thoughts. Dayu was the most respected among the great men in ancient China.

Relevant textual research

According to textual research, Dayu's flood control area at that time was in the present eastern Hebei, eastern Henan, western and southern Shandong, and northern Huaihe River. Once, they came to the southern suburbs of Luoyang, Henan. There is a high mountain here, which belongs to the residual vein of Qinling Mountain and continues to Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue Mountain. The mountain peak is strange and majestic, just like a natural barrier that runs from east to west. There is a natural gap in the middle of the mountain, and a trickle flows slowly through the gap. However, when the flood broke out, the river was blocked by the mountain, forming a vortex at the gap, and the rushing river endangered the safety of the surrounding people. Dayu decided to concentrate his manpower on water control and clear the way in the mountains. Hard work damaged stone tools, wood products and bone tools. The loss of people is even greater. Some people were cut by rocks, some fell up the mountain and died, and some people were swept away by the flood. However, they are still unwavering and insist on splitting the mountain. In this hard day and night, Dayu's face was tanned, tired and thin. Even the hair on his calf has been polished, and his toenails have fallen off because he has been soaked in water for a long time, but he is still operating and commanding. Driven by him, the water control progressed rapidly, and the mountain finally opened suddenly, forming a confrontation between two walls. The flood rushed thousands of miles down the river, and the river was unblocked from then on.

tomb

Dayu was recommended as Shun's assistant because of his meritorious service in water control. Seventeen years later, after Shun's death, he succeeded to the throne as the leader of the tribal alliance. Later, Qi, the son of Dayu, established the first slave country in China-Xia Dynasty, so later generations also called him Xia Dynasty. Yu Xia died and was buried in Maoshan. Later generations renamed Maoshan Huiji Mountain because Yu held a grand ceremony here to reward the princes. This is the origin of Dayu tomb in Shaoxing. Today, the jade spirit bear will meet the mountain, the pavilion mountain and the fish pond. 1979, a pavilion with cornices and horns was rebuilt in Dayu's tomb and stood at the end of the tunnel. Inside stands a huge monument of "Dayu's Tomb" inscribed by Amin Nandaji. The ancient pagoda around the pavilion is flat and gloomy, with green pine and bamboo, quiet and elegant. There are Yu-Xue Pavilion and Yu-Xue Pavilion in the south of the pavilion, which are the places where predecessors studied Yu's tombs.

Dayu has benefited the people and will always be praised by Chinese descendants. Dayu's fighting spirit will always be remembered by Chinese people. When people come to Shaoxing, they will never forget to visit Dayu's tomb in the southeast of the city.