Weihai geographical environment

Weihai belongs to the continental climate of north temperate monsoon, with obvious seasonal changes and monsoon advance and retreat. Compared with inland areas at the same latitude, it has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, moderate annual temperature and mild climate. The continental degree of Weihai is 54. 1%. Being close to the Yellow Sea and regulated by the ocean, Weihai has the characteristics of maritime climate, such as cool in Leng Xia in spring, warm in autumn and warm in winter, small temperature difference between day and night, long frost-free period, strong wind and high humidity.

spring

From March to May, warm air began to be active, but cold air still had considerable influence, which led to frequent movement and alternation of high and low pressure systems and changeable climate. From April to May, strong winds alternate from north to south, which is a windy month all year round. The temperature is low, rising slowly, 2-3℃ lower than that in the inland areas of the same latitude, and the season is delayed by about half a month. Because warm and humid air cannot be transported in large quantities, the precipitation is still very small, accounting for only 14% of the total precipitation in the whole year. Because of the strong wind, less precipitation and large evaporation, spring drought often occurs.

summer

(June-August) Due to the adjustment of the ocean, the temperature is low. June-July is 3-4℃ lower than inland latitude, and August is 65438 0℃ lower. The cool and pleasant climate makes Weihai a famous summer resort. The highest temperature is in August, and the extreme highest temperature in the whole year appears in July and August. With the strengthening of the Pacific high northward, the summer monsoon begins, mostly with the south to southeast wind of grade 3-4, which is beneficial to warm and humid air northward, so there is much precipitation and high humidity, and the precipitation accounts for 59% of the whole year. At the end of June and early July, it entered the flood season and ended in early September. Heavy rains are concentrated in July, August and early September, and frequent heavy rains often lead to floods. However, in some years, due to the control of the Pacific high, Shandong Peninsula is stable and inactive, resulting in high temperature, high humidity and sultry weather, resulting in short-term drought. Due to the guidance of atmospheric circulation, typhoons in the Pacific Ocean move northward, often causing heavy rain and windy weather.

autumn

In early autumn (September-165438+1October), the cold air in the north began to be active, but the warm and humid airflow still had some influence, so there was still a lot of rain in early September, and sometimes it rained continuously, which might be hit by a typhoon. The total precipitation in autumn accounts for 23% of the whole year, mostly concentrated in September. From late September to 10, the cold air in the north strengthened and the warm and humid air flow decreased obviously. The temperature is higher in the whole autumn, and it is slightly higher in September than in inland areas of the same latitude, 10-1-2℃. On June 5438+ 10, the weather is clear and the visibility is the best, but autumn drought often occurs. From the middle of 165438+ 10, a strong Mongolian high began to establish and cold air became active. The temperature drops rapidly with a temperature difference of 3℃ every ten days, the number of northerly winds increases, and the winter wind becomes more and more obvious.

winter

(12-February) controlled by the strong Mongolian high pressure, cold air broke out southward continuously, and the climate was dry and cold, mostly northward. Weihai and Yantai are called snow nests. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month in the whole year, and the extreme minimum temperature of the whole year generally appears in 65438+ 10 or early February. The temperature in the whole winter is 2℃ higher than that in the inland areas of the same latitude, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. Seasonal precipitation is the least in the whole year, accounting for 5% of the whole year. From the end of June to May 438+February, due to the influence of the ocean, the local cloudy and snowy weather increased, the amount of rain and snow was more than three times that of inland areas at the same latitude, and the sunshine hours were less. Weihai City is located at the eastern end of Jiaobei fault block uplift in Shandong Province, and its south side borders on the eastern edge of Jiaolai Depression. The outcropped strata in China are late Archean Jiaodong Group, Mesozoic Upper Jurassic Laiyang Formation, Lower Cretaceous Qingshan Formation and Cenozoic Quaternary. The fold structure is Rushan-Weihai anticlinorium, with axis in Taiyi of Rushan, Wangtuan and Yang Ting, the main peaks of Kunyu Mountain in the north east longitude, and collapsed in Tiancun, with axis in the northeast direction. The fault structures include nearly North-South Shuangdao fault, NNE Jinniushan fault and Laomuhe fault, NE Mu Ping-Jimo fault (passing through the west of Rushan), NW Wangdao fault, Haibei-Shendaokou fault and Lidao-Haixitou fault. Magmatic rocks mainly include Proterozoic Kunyushan rock mass and Wendeng rock mass, late Mesozoic Aishan Weideshan rock mass and Shidao rock mass, Laoshan Chashan rock mass and Longxudao rock mass.

Weihai is a hilly area with gentle topography and gentle valley width and slope. Except for Taifeng Peak, the main peak of Kunyu Mountain, which is 923 meters above sea level, all other mountainous hills in the area are below 700 meters, mostly undulating hills with a slope of 200-300 meters below 25 degrees. The mountain is mainly composed of granodiorite, and the surface of the mountain base is mostly brown soil formed by weathering residual, with thin covering soil but good soil permeability. How open and flat the valleys in the mountains are; The plains are mostly coastal plains and piedmont inclined plains. Among them, low mountains account for 15.77% of the total land area, hills account for 52.38%, plains account for 27.56%, islands account for 0.28%, and beaches account for 4.0 1%. The river network is dense, the river is unobstructed and the surface drainage is good. The central part is relatively high, the mountains are east-west, and the water system flows into the sea from north to south. The north and southeast are surrounded by the sea on three sides, and the coast type belongs to harbor coast, with winding coastline, staggered headlands and numerous harbors and islands. There are seven soil types in Weihai, including brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, saline soil, aeolian sand soil, cinnamon soil, paddy soil and mountain meadow soil. According to their respective development degree, additional soil-forming process and soil properties, it can be divided into brown soil, brown soil, moist brown soil, white pulp brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, salinized fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil, coastal saline soil, mobile aeolian sand, semi-fixed aeolian sand, fixed aeolian sand, latent paddy soil and mountain meadow soil, 13 subcategories and/kloc-0.

Brown soil is the most widely distributed and largest soil type in Weihai, covering the hilly area of Weihai, accounting for 83.5% of the total soil area. Tidal soil is the second largest soil in Weihai, accounting for 13.2% of the total soil area. Weihai has a vast sea area and rich biological resources in shallow sea and intertidal zone. According to statistics, the average biomass in Weihai is 353g/m2, and the average biomass density is 586 /m2. There are 779 species of biological resources, including 647 species of animals and 0/32 species of plants. Among animals, there are 100 kinds of fish, such as large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, barracuda, mullet, bass, Spanish mackerel, herring, pomfret, yellow croaker and flounder. Shrimp and crab mainly include claw shrimp, prawn, hairy shrimp, white shrimp with ridged tail and Portunus trituberculatus. Shellfish mainly include Chlamys farreri, abalone, Meretrix meretrix, Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, Scapharca subcrenata, Meretrix giganteus, oyster, Meretrix meretrix, mussel and green clam. Echinoderms include Stichopus japonicus, jellyfish, horse dung sea urchins, starfish and so on. Among plants, algae mainly include kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, seaweed, Porphyra yezoensis, kelp and so on.

Terrestrial wild mammals include sika deer, fox, leopard cat, badger, weasel, hedgehog, hare and bat. 250 species of birds have been found, of which migratory birds and travelers account for more than 70%, and there are few resident birds. There are 4 species of wild animals listed in the national first-class protection, including sika deer, merganser, golden eagle and black stork, and 2 species of swan, mandarin duck, grey crane and goshawk/kloc-0. Other birds, foxes, leopard cats, badgers, weasels, hedgehogs, etc. It is listed as a key protected wild animal in Shandong Province. There are 248 species of wild economic plants belonging to 70 families, such as Plantago asiatica, Rehmannia glutinosa, Gastrodia elata, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygalae, Pinellia ternata, etc. There are 92 species of wild grasses belonging to 12 family, such as crabgrass, yellow-backed grass and white grass. There are 457 species of woody plants belonging to 70 families, including 3 15 species of trees, such as Pinus thunbergii, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus acutissima, Cortex Fraxini, Apple, Pear, Peach, Ginkgo biloba and Chestnut. 1 12 shrub species, such as Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza; There are 30 kinds of lianas, such as kudzu vine, wisteria, Vitex negundo, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and so on. Grain crops are mainly wheat and corn, and cash crops are mainly peanuts and soybeans.

Regional specialties: Gushan fig, Rongcheng yellow peach, Rushan pear, Jiaodong ginseng, sea urchin and abalone.