It’s rare to see grape growers in the south. What’s going on?

The typical characteristics of the southern region are abundant rainfall, warmth and humidity, annual precipitation exceeding 800mm, and average annual temperatures mostly above 14°C. Grapes have gradually evolved into a dry climate during their long phylogeny. Due to its biological characteristics, it grows in rainy and humid areas and is prone to serious grape diseases and insect pests. Taking Xiahei, which is currently widely planted in the south, as an example, we propose the following key management points and grape pest and disease prevention methods: Facility cultivation

Facility cultivation should be used in the south, among which greenhouse cultivation can promote early maturity10 ~15 days, improving economic value; although rain-shelter cultivation cannot be put on the market earlier, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of grape diseases and insect pests and reduce losses. Strictly control the yield

The yield of summer black is closely related to the color change and maturity of the fruit, flower bud differentiation and the yield in the second year. High-quality and stable-yielding cultivation should control the yield within 1,500 kilograms. When the yield exceeds the yield, it will be difficult to change color, sugar accumulation will be slow, and the advantage of early market will be lost, and the number of flowers will decrease in the second year. Choose to slow down the tree vigor

In the southern region, it is advisable to use V-shaped horizontal frames, high and wide vertical frames, and horizontal scaffolding. The middle and upper leaf curtains are horizontal, which can slow down the tree vigor and facilitate the differentiation of flower buds. Plant sparsely and cultivate the main vine

Xiahei is a long-growing variety, so it should be planted sparsely and sparsely. In the southern region, the row spacing is 2 to 2.4 meters, the plant spacing is 0.8 meters, and 350 to 400 plants are planted per acre. More than 4 main vines are cultivated in the current year, that is, 1,400 to 1,600 vines, and the output in the second year can reach 1,000 to 1,200 kilograms. Branch and vine management

Number 2,000 to 2,500 shoots, and the spacing between branches is 20 cm. Leave 4 to 6 leaves for topping about 10 to 15 days before flowering to promote the return of nutrients to the inflorescence, prevent flower buds from degenerating, and improve flowering. Rate. Pruning of Xiahei

Leave 7,000 to 8,000 buds, mainly pruning the middle tips of 6 to 8 buds, and pruning the short tips of 3 to 4 buds in some areas. Ear management

The ears are determined according to the grape yield control indicators. The weight of a single ear is 600~750 grams, and the number of ears per mu is 2500~3000. Only one bunch is left on each fruiting branch. The ears can be set before flowering, or The ear can be set after fruit setting. Fruits must be thinned carefully. After Xiahei adopts fruit preservation measures, the fruit setting rate will be greatly improved. Fruits must be thinned in time before the fruit swells. Otherwise, it will affect the fruit swell, make it difficult to color, affect early market launch, and easily cause fruit cracking in the later period. Rotten fruit etc. Use scientific fertilizers to control nitrogen and increase potassium

When the base fertilizer is sufficient, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers, appropriately increase the application of potassium fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, and medium and trace elements, especially calcium fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers, to avoid plant growth. In case of nutrient deficiencies, timely adjustments should be made according to the fertilizer requirements of the grapes during the entire growth stage. Grape pest control

Focus on the control of downy mildew, gray mold and powdery mildew.

(1) Prevention and control of grape downy mildew

Incidence pattern:

Climate conditions have a great influence on the incidence. A cool and humid climate is conducive to the onset of the disease. The optimal temperature is 20~30℃, so the disease is likely to be prevalent before and after flowering and during the fruit maturity period.

Prevention and control methods: Prevention and control node control plan Anwash (40% dimethomorph suspension) 1500 times during the inflorescence separation period + Amida (250g/liter azoxystrobin suspension) 1500 times before flowering Special (24% azole · cyanofenazole suspension) 1500 times the young fruit stage wash (40% dimethomorph suspension) 1500 times + Amida (250 g/liter azoxystrobin suspension) 1500 times At the earing stage (hard core stage) Gao Fushuai (40% dimethomorph suspension) 2000 times + Gaoya (25% pyraclostrobin suspension) 1500 times Downy Mildew Disaster Relief Measures Gao Fushuai (40% dimethomorph) 1,000 times + Armida (250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension) 1,500 times Three Days Later Special (24% azoxyfen·cyanostrobin suspension) 1,500 times + Armida (250 g/L Azoxystrobin suspension) 1500 times

(2) Prevention and control of grape gray mold

Incidence pattern:

Grape gray mold requires low temperature and high humidity conditions During the grape flowering period, the temperature is not too high. If it encounters continuous rain and high air humidity, it often causes the flower spikes to rot and fall off. Another susceptible period is the fruit maturity period, which is related to the conversion of fruit sugar, increased moisture, and reduced resistance.

Prevention and control methods: Control node control objects, control plan, inflorescence separation stage, inflorescence Botrytis cinerea polyantimycin B 1000 times + Yunbaotai (45% azoxyfen·thiophanate methyl) 1500 times before flowering, flowering period Botrytis cinerea Huitaro (25g/L fludiozoil suspension) 1500 times to control Botrytis cinerea after flowering. Yunbaotai (45% ethylpyrrolidone·thiophanate-methyl) 1500 times to control Botrytis cinerea during the fruit expansion period. (40% fludioxonil·pyrimimethamine suspension) 1500 times the color transfer period and storage period Botrytis cinerea Huitaro (25g/L fludioxonil suspension 1500 times Botrytis cinerea disaster relief measures Inflorescence damage: cut off the injured inflorescence, use Huitaro (25g/L fludiozoil suspension) + Yunbaotai (45% ethanofen/thiophanate methyl) 1500 times sprayed on the inflorescences. Fruit damage: cut off diseased fruits or ears, and use Huitaro (25g/L fludioxacil). 1,500 times of fluorine suspension agent) + 1,500 times of Yunbaotai (45% ethanofen/thiophanate methyl), focusing on the ears.

(3) Prevention and control of grape powdery mildew

The pathogen overwinters as mycelium in the damaged tissue or between the bud scales.

The optimal temperature for the disease to occur is 25 to 28 degrees Celsius, and it can germinate even when the air temperature is relatively low. Drought or muggy, cloudy weather favors the disease. Grapes are planted too densely, with too many branches and leaves, and poor ventilation is conducive to the disease.

Prevention and control methods: Prevention and control node control objects. Prevention plan: Prevent leaf infection by powdery mildew before germination. Gerun (24% methylthio·hexaconazole suspension) 1500 times prevent leaf powdery mildew after flowering. Legend (65 % benzyl·azoxystrobin suspension) Each group mixes 200 kg of water and evenly sprays young fruits during the growth period to prevent fruit powdery mildew. Lingxiu (2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics + 25% azoxystrobin suspension) 1500 times during the fruit expansion period Prevention of fruit powdery mildew Dimethylpyrrolidone (36% thiophanate methyl suspension) 1500 times powdery mildew relief measures Lingxiu (2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics + 25% azoxystrobin suspension) 1500 times + Hongyan ( 40% hexaconazole suspension) 3000 times