General situation of Yongjiang river basin

Yaojiang River is a tributary of the upper reaches of Yongjiang River, running through Siming Mountain range, and the source of Fenghua River is also in the south of Siming Mountain range. The Siming Mountain Range is nearly north-south, extending to the northwest of Ningbo, and sandwiched between the southeast and northwest wings of Ningbo Plain. Siming Mountain, also known as Yushan Mountain, is located in the eruption zone of Ningbo-Xianju volcano in the southeast of Zhejiang Province. Ming Jiajing's "Ningbo Tongzhi" Volume 5 "Mountains and Rivers" records: "It starts from Tiantai Mountain and flows 130 miles northeast to 280 peaks, of which 36 peaks are around 800 miles, running through places, Cixi and Yinxian, Yuyao, Shangyu, Shengxian and Ninghai, Taizhou." The first chapter of the "Geography Examination" of the "Rebuilding Zhejiang Tongzhi Draft" in the Republic of China: "Those who enter from Xiaoxi Town in Yin County are bright in the east, those who enter from Baishui Mountain in Yuyao, those who enter from Lanxi in Cixi, those who enter from Fenghua Snow are bright in the south. The cliffs are deep and wide, and they go back to seclusion. " Siming Mountain is the watershed between Cao 'e River and Fenghua River. The mountain is mainly composed of Mesozoic rhyolite and clastic rocks, with siltstone and mudstone exposed and partially covered with basalt. It starts from the source of Huangze River, a tributary of Cao 'e River, and the source of Shuahe River, a tributary. Entering from the southwest, that is, Fenghua West and Yuyao South, it winds from north to north, with majestic momentum and steep peaks.

The source of the upper reaches of Yongjiang River or the middle and upper reaches of Yaojiang River is a hill with an altitude of 500 meters. The ground slope is gentle and the cutting degree is weak.

The main landforms of Yaojiang, Fenghua and Yongjiang are mainly Ningbo Plain. Ningbo Plain is one of the larger plains in eastern Zhejiang, located in the northeast of central China. East to Beilun Xiaogang to Mo Zhi, Yinxian to Fenghua Dongshan, west to Zhenhaipu to Zhang Cun, Yinxian to Fenghua Rock Pit, south to Fenghua Da Qiao Town, south to Xikou and Rock Pit, and north to the gray turtle ocean. It's in the northeast direction. The area is about 1200 square kilometers, accounting for 28.2% of the accumulation plain, including Haishu and Jiangdong, Zhenhai and Jiangbei, eastern Beilun, central Yinxian and northern Fenghua. The basin faces the sea and belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the north subtropical zone, with the characteristics of transition to the middle subtropical zone in the south. Winter is mainly controlled by the cold air in the westerly belt, and summer is affected by subtropical high, typhoon and southwest airflow, with more abnormal weather. Xia Dong is long, short in spring and autumn, with distinct seasons, obvious monsoon alternation, abundant rainfall, warmth and humidity.

The rainfall distribution in the south is more than that in the north, with an increasing trend from the coast to the inland. The rainy areas are concentrated in the western mountainous areas, and the two main rainy centers are near Shuangfeng in Ninghai and Dalan in Siming Mountain area in Yuyao. The annual precipitation is more than 1700 mm, and the maximum is about1~ 900 mm. There is little rain in the northern coastal areas, and the annual precipitation is less than1000 mm. There are two opposite rainy seasons throughout the year. Early rain period from March to July There are many rainy days in the spring rain period from March to May, and the intensity is weak. The average annual rainfall is 367.9 mm, accounting for 26.54% of the total annual rainfall. During the Meiyu period from June to July, when plums are yellow and ripe, also known as "Huang Meiyu", the average annual rainfall is 339.9mm, accounting for 24.52% of the total annual rainfall. The monthly rainfall is the largest in September, with an average of 200. 1mm over the years. 65438+February is the least, with an average of 48 mm. The average annual rainfall is 159 days. Yuyao is located in the northwest of Ningbo, east longitude120 52 ′ to north latitude12125 ′ and north latitude 29 39 ′ to 30 21′. It is adjacent to Yinxian and Jiangbei District in the east, Fengxian in Fenghua and Shaoxing in the south, and Shangyu in Shaoxing in the west and northeast. Yuyao Town, the resident of the Municipal People's Government, is 48 kilometers away from Ningbo. Yuyao County was established in 222 BC (twenty-five years of Qin Dynasty): Pillow Mountain faces the sea, high in the south and low in the north, with Siming Mountain winding in the south, with an altitude of about 500 meters, and the highest peak is clear lake Bay Hill in Lushan Township, with an altitude of 979 meters. Yaojiang Plain in the middle and Ningshaoping Plain in the north. Yaojiang, the main river, passes through the Tong Ming weir in Shangyu, enters at Yongsi Bridge in Xiaodong Town, reaches Chengshandu in Yinda Town, and passes through the central part from west to east, with a domestic flow of 54 kilometers. There are also more than 30 rivers, including Dongjiang River, Zhongjiang River, Changling River, Hutang River, Qingjiang River and Linpujiang River, belonging to Yaojiang River, Fenghua River and Caoejiang River systems. Tea planting has a long history, including Huaan Waterfall Tea, Siming Twelve Thunder, Song Ming Gong Tea and so on. Xiao-Yong Railway runs through the middle, and the Yaojiang section of Hangzhou-Yong Canal is 54.65 kilometers long, connecting Cao 'e River and Qiantang River in the west and Yongjiang River in the east. Places of interest include Hemudu Site, a national key cultural relic protection unit. The tomb of Huang Zongxi, the former site of Dong Zhe prefectural committee, is the Wuguilou, a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. There are more than 30 key cultural relics protection units in the city (county), such as Tongji Bridge, Shunjiang Building, Wang Yangming Lecture Hall in Zhongtian Pavilion, Hugongyan in Shenggui Mountain and Paiting in Sixian's hometown. Known as "a famous literary country". Longquan Mountain is a scenic spot.

Yuyao, the resident of Yuyao Municipal People's Government, is 44 kilometers away from Ningbo. Yaojiang section of Hangzhou-Ningbo Canal runs through the town, and Liangliang and Hou Qing flow through the north and south sides, with Huangshan Mountain in the east and Xijiang River in the west. Yuyao County, where Qin was once called Han, is located here. Xiao-Yong Railway and Hangshen Expressway run through the whole territory from west to east. Longquan Mountain Scenic Area has the Lizhou Literature Museum.

Hemudu Town, located in the east coast of Zhejiang Province and in the east of Yuyao City, has the world-famous Hemudu site. It was formed by the merger of Jiang Zhong, Luojiang and Chesterbur. It is 0/7km away from downtown/kloc-and 20km away from downtown Ningbo. It is named after the world-famous Hemudu site. It borders Yin Da and Zhapu Town in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City in the east, Yaojiang River in the south and Lubu Town in the southwest. Cijiangbei faces Zhang Ting Town and Sanqi Town across the sea. The northern river network is vertical and horizontal, and the terrain is flat, which is a typical land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. The south is dominated by mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas, with lush forest vegetation. The main mountain ranges are Chema Mountain, Shanyu Mountain, Songshi Mountain, Qiushan Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and Huangmu Mountain (Fuchuan Mountain). Chemashan and Huangmushan are famous historical figures in Yuyao. Hemudu Zizania latifolia was named "the hometown of Zizania latifolia in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture. The series products of Zizania latifolia are sold to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Bohai Bay, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and the central and western regions, and exported to the Japanese market for trial sale. Hemudu Tea has more than 10 tea brands, such as Mingxi, Siming Twelve Thunder, Prime Minister Green, Hemudu Wild Tea, Quecha and Ancient Tea, among which "Siming Twelve Thunder" Alpine Camellia 199 1 won the Quality Tea Award of the International China Tea Culture Festival; "Seven Thousand Springs" brand Hemudu original ecological wild tea won the high-quality famous tea award of Shanghai International Tea Culture Festival; "Green Prime Minister" won the first-class famous tea prize in Ningbo, and 1995 won the gold medal in China Agricultural Fair. "Gumingxi" organic tea won the first prize in the 5th China Cup Famous Tea Appraisal of China Tea Society in 2003. Tourism resources are abundant, and places of interest abound. Hemudu Ruins Museum embodies the "dry fence" architectural style of Hemudu 7000 years ago. There are three basic exhibition halls and 1 temporary exhibition hall in the museum, and more than 400 cultural relics are exhibited. Lushan Temple, Zen Temple, and famous scenic spots such as "Shili Long Pit" and "Dripping Milk Spring".

Fenghua City is located in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta, on the coast of the East China Sea and by the beautiful Xiangshan Port. Fenghua belongs to Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period, Yin in Huiji County in Qin Dynasty, Zhang Ju in Sui Dynasty, and Fenghua County in the 26th year of Tang Kaiyuan (738). According to Chen's book "Exposing the Topographic Map of Fenghua" in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Fenghua is a city, named after its people's willingness to flatter." Zhenyuan (1295) rose to Yuanzhou, Hongwu (1369) resumed the county, and 1988 withdrew from the county to set up a city. Fenghua, with profound cultural heritage, is the holy land of Maitreya and the hometown of Jiang. Houming Mountain culture was established as early as five or six thousand years ago, and around 4,200 years ago, Yuanhu Kingdom, which is famous in the Central Plains, was the political, economic and cultural center of Ningbo for quite some time. It is the place where five generations of Buddhists (Maitreya) were born and died. In the Song Dynasty, there was Lin Hejing, who was famous for his wife and crane. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a famous poet Dai; In modern times, there were historical celebrities such as Chiang Kai-shek and Jiang Jingguo. Celebrity king in diplomatic and sports circles; Scholar Ambassador Wang (Ba); And Wang Caiyun, the originator of the red tailor. At the same time, Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee Secretary Zhuo Lanfang, Zhuo Kaize, Wang Kun and other outstanding revolutionary figures emerged in the early days. Fenghua area of Xiangshan Port is a rare "sunshine bay", with quiet inner harbor, blue sea and blue sky, which is an ideal coastal leisure resort. Xikou, the hometown of Jiang, the top 500 ecological villages in the world and Tengtou, the top ten harmonious villages in the world, were selected as the only representative case in Asia and the only rural case in the urban best practice area of the Shanghai World Expo, respectively, and they are national-level scenic spots. Xikou has the characteristics of lakes, streams, springs, waterfalls and mountains. As early as the Han Dynasty, it was known as "Penglai on the Sea", and Xufuyan Waterfall was known as "the first waterfall in eastern Zhejiang", which was an important window to Taiwan Province. Xuedou Ancient Temple is known as one of the "Top Ten Zen Temples in the World". The outdoor Maitreya is 56.7 meters high and is the tallest copper Maitreya in China.

Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, is located in the northwest of the old city. Yongjiang River is in the southeast, and the newly-built Yongjiang Bridge is connected with jiangdong district. To the south of Yaojiang River, Xinjiang Bridge, jiefang bridge, Yaojiang Goumen Bridge and Yaojiang Bridge connect the two sides. Yuyao in the west and zhenhai district in the northeast. It is 27 kilometers long from east to west and 20 kilometers wide from north to south. It covers an area of 208.7 square kilometers, including 6.9 square kilometers in the old city, accounting for 3.3%, and the rest are suburbs. Because it is located in the north bank of Yongjiang River and Yaojiang River, it is known as the north bank of the Yangtze River, so it is named this area. Jiangbei Bank was originally a suburb of Yinxian County. In the Qing Dynasty, there were eight to ten maps in the eastern corner of Ningbo, including Li Jia, Yinxian Bridge, Nijiayan, Brick Bridge, Sun Jia, YinDing Qiao and other places. 1927 The city was established in July, and the north bank of Hebei was designated as the fifth district. 193 1 year 1 year withdrew from the market and re-entered Yinxian, the fifth district of Yinxian, with an area of 4.02 square kilometers. Reconstruction of Jiangbei Town 1935. In June, 1949, 1 1, Jiangbei District Office was established, and it was revoked in June of the following year. 195 1 jiangbei district people's government was established in may. In February, 1956 was cancelled and three sub-district offices were established in Ma Zhong, Sizhou and Hu Aishu. /kloc-revoked in September, 1958, and established Jiangbei Sub-district Office. 1June, 960, jiangbei people's commune management Committee was established. 1970 1 month, Jiangbei District Revolutionary Committee was established. 1September, 978, it was classified as a municipal district-level (county-level) political power system. 1980 10, renamed jiangbei district people's government. Suburban, 195 1 Suburban People's Government was established in May. 1954 10, Qiao Zhuang and seven surrounding towns set up airport special zones, and Qiao Zhuang District People's Government was established, which was subordinate to the city. 1February, 1956, the organizational system of Qiao Zhuang and Suburban Area II was abolished, and the Suburban Office was established. 1960 65438+February, Yuyao cicheng people's commune is a suburb. 1978 set up a suburban office, and 1984+0 the suburbs were merged into Jiangbei District. 1 844 65438+1October1Ningbo opens, Jiangbei Bank is a foreign trade residence. 1 places of interest &; Nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Provincial key cultural relics protection units include Zhu Gui Temple and Jiangbei Catholic Church. City and district-level cultural relics protection units include Jiadi Shijia, Danaitang, Yuzhai, Yue Feng Caihuitaimen, Mofu Mazhai, Liu Jia Ancestral Hall, Guihuatang, Fuzimen, Xiangzhai, Fengzhai and patrol houses on the north bank of the Yangtze River, the former site of the British Consulate and Zhejiang Customs (new customs).

Yinzhou District, Ningbo City is located at the southern end of Ningbo City, bordering the coastal passage in the east and the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway in the north, less than 3 kilometers away from lishe airport, and it takes half an hour's drive to Beilun Port. The planned Ningbo light rail line and coastal railway will pass through here, with convenient land, sea and air transportation and unique location advantages. The Fenghua River, which runs through the whole city, and the criss-crossing river network make the total water area of the new city reach 232 hectares, accounting for 6.7% of the total planned area. Yinzhou District has a long history. As early as the Neolithic matriarchal clan commune, primitive people lived in the territory. /kloc-in the winter of 0/973, the primitive commune site was discovered at Lujiaqiao, Sanlian Village, Sanxing Village, Gu Lin Town, with a history of 5000 years. At the end of primitive society, at the latest in early summer, "Yin" has become a definite place name, and Yin is composed of the words "purple" and "city". Yinxian belonged to Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period and Chu State in the Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed Chu, in 222 BC, Yin, Shang and other counties were established. The Han dynasty attacked the Qin system and still set up three counties. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song defended the punishment and built a new city in Xiaoxi Town (now Yinjiang Town). In the third year of Sui Dynasty, all counties were unified and collectively called Zhang Ju County. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Maolin County. At the beginning of the Five Dynasties, it was changed to Yinxian, and the name of Yinxian has been used ever since. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yin County was divided into six townships, either located in Guo Chang County (now Dinghai District of Zhoushan City) or designated as Dinghai County (now Zhenhai and Beilun District of Ningbo City), and the county territory remained stable since then. In the past, the central area of Ningbo was ruled by Yinxian County, formerly known as Mingzhou, but it was renamed Ningbo in the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, Ningbo was divided into cities and Yinxian was successively under the jurisdiction of Ningbo District (region) and Ningbo City. In 2002, the State Council approved the revocation of Yinxian County and the establishment of Yinzhou District of Ningbo City. There are many people in Yinzhou. He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Anshi, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, Shen, Wan Sitong and Quandeng, poets and scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty, the originator of Taiwan Province literature, all left historical sites in Yinxian. Modern famous geologist Weng, biologist Tong Dizhou, famous oil painter, world famous cellist, calligrapher Sha Menghai, epigraphy painter, seal engraver, entomologist, action art Wang and Jin Caifeng are all the pride of Yinxian people. Yinzhou is rich in cultural and natural landscapes, including Dongqian Lake provincial-level scenic spots and ten famous scenic spots. Tiantong Temple, located at the foot of Taibai Mountain in the east of Yindong, is the second of the five Zen mountains in China. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has been an important place for cultural exchanges between China and Japan, and now it is the ancestral temple of Lin Ji in Cao Dongzong, Japan. Ayu Temple, which faces Tiantong Temple across the mountain, is one of the "Five Mountains in China" of Zen Buddhism, and there are stupas in the temple. Tashanyan Ancient Water Conservancy Project in Yinjiang Town, Yinzhou is one of the four ancient water conservancy projects in China, which is as famous as Dujiangyan in Sichuan. Tianzhong Forest Park, which is connected with Tiantong Temple, is famous for its "forest, strange rocks and sea of clouds" and is one of the first three national forest parks named in China. The "Liangshanbo Temple" in Gao Qiao Town, Xiyin is the birthplace of the "Liangzhu" love story. "If husband and wife want to grow old together, Liang Shanbo Temple Fair will come" is still circulating in eastern Zhejiang.

Zhenhai district, Ningbo, is located on the north bank of Yongjiang River in the northeast of the old city. It is adjacent to Grey Turtle Ocean in the east, Yongjiang River in the south, Jiangbei District in the west and Cixi City in the north. The terrain is long and narrow, about 23 kilometers long from southeast to northwest, and 13 kilometers wide from northeast to southwest. The coastline is 2 1.3km long and there are 5 islands. Sea area 158. 1 km2. For the organizational evolution before 1985, see Chapter VI, Zhenhai County. 1 9851June1Leave Zhenhai County, with Yongjiang as the boundary, and zhenhai district in the north of the Yangtze River and Binhai in the south of the Yangtze River (now Beilun) as the urban areas of Ningbo. Located in the eastern end of Ningshao Plain, the hills in the northwest and the plain in the southeast. The remaining vein of Siming Mountain starts from Wenxi Wang Haijian and flows to Puge Mountain in the east, with a continuous length of14km and an altitude of100m to 300m. The main peak, Dapeng Mountain (at the junction with Cixi City), is 422 meters above sea level. From the south foot line to Yongjiang River, it is a plain of water network, belonging to Yaojiang River system, with flat terrain. 1974 was listed as a national key development area. 1976 has built Zhenhai Port, Zhejiang Refinery (later renamed Zhenhai Petrochemical Complex), Zhenhai Power Plant and other projects, gradually becoming one of the three major areas in Ningbo. Zhaobaoshan is one of the scenic spots in the city, located at the mouth of Yongjiang River. Provincial cultural relics protection units include Zhenhai Haikou Haiphong Site (including Zhaoyuan City, Yuecheng City, Anyuan Fort, Wugong Jigong Monument Pavilion and Chengjian Monument Pavilion). ) and Zhenhai Houhaitang.