Rural pig raising technology?

In the long-term practice of pig production and technical service, I found that many friends who raise pigs, including some large pig enterprises, had some problems that were not handled properly or did not attract great attention in the production process, which had a great impact on the production management of the audience. For this reason, I listed 36 points that should be paid attention to or have such problems in pig production. Limited by space, there are many practical problems, which are only for reference of pig-raising friends. Although there is no system, the starting point is to show the friends who raise pigs. In order to attract everyone's attention, temporarily call 36 secrets. If you have noticed these problems, congratulations. If you haven't done it yet, let me remind you to improve it step by step!

Prompt 1: Water health

Almost all pig farms think that their pigs have no problem drinking water, which is actually a problem that everyone easily ignores. In the process of serving pig farmers, I have dealt with six pig farms with water problems. Before they found the problem, they plausibly said, our family eats this water. Why can't pigs drink it? The test results show that Escherichia coli and solids in the water exceed the standard, so please pay attention to the friends who raise pigs. If you are not satisfied with your pig-raising level, you might as well take a water test. Remember, drinking water for pigs can be given to people, but not everyone can give water to pigs!

Also, it should be noted that the pollution of water towers and water supply pipes is also a problem that cannot be ignored. It is recommended that you clean and disinfect the water supply system regularly. At present, there are professional companies doing this, which is very convenient.

Tip 2: the pig that makes money.

What kind of pig will make money or earn more money? What kind, what feed, what management, I won't say. I'll talk about the standard: the live birth of sows in a production cycle within * * days is more than 10, the average birth weight is about 1.5 kg, the weaning weight is more than 7.5 kg in 28 days, and the survival rate of live birth in 70 days is more than 95%.

Tip 3: Disinfect before feeding.

Once spray disinfection is carried out in many large-scale pig farms, veterinarians are very busy the next day. They find that many pigs don't eat or have a fever. Even many teachers who are engaged in raising pigs in our textbooks emphasize that spray disinfection should be carried out in sunny and windless weather. Some teachers even say that it is cold in winter and hot water can be used for spray disinfection. In pig farm management, I always adopt the method of disinfection before feeding, which effectively avoids the pressure brought by spray disinfection.

Tip 4: Sick pigs should be disinfected reasonably.

Pig farms increase the frequency of environmental disinfection after pigs have problems, even several times a day, which is really worse for sick pigs. I have encountered many such cases in the course of service. After analyzing the reasons and the treatment measures taken, I feel that as long as I stop disinfection, I will be fine soon. Sure enough, after reducing the number of spray disinfection, the feed intake of pigs began to be normal in a week or so.

Tip 5: Drug resistance of disinfectants

Can disinfectants form drug resistance as easily as antibiotics? Now many manufacturers sell disinfectants, and even some so-called experts always ask pig friends to change disinfectants frequently when recommending disinfectants to pig friends. I don't know if it's for commercial purposes or to fool friends who raise pigs. The fact is that the drug resistance of disinfectants is not so serious, especially those with strong acid and alkali. As long as you choose according to different environments, use methods (spraying, soaking, fumigation, etc. ), the use of sheds, aiming at the types of germs and viruses, is not so complicated, and harmful microorganisms in the environment are very fragile. It seems that the alcohol and iodine used for skin disinfection in the hospital have not been changed constantly since I can remember.

Secret 6: The core of making money from breeding farms is the delivery room and nursery.

Many pig farmers are egalitarian in the construction of pig farms and pay little attention to the construction of delivery rooms and nursery rooms. Whether a self-breeding farm can make money or not, the facilities of delivery room and nursery play a decisive role. Pig farmers often say that raising pigs is very simple and can be summarized in seven words: live much, die little and grow fast. Therefore, few deaths and rapid growth are directly related to the conditions of delivery rooms and nursery rooms. As the saying goes, one or two people are born heavy, one catty is weaned and ten catties are slaughtered. Weaning weight is most affected by delivery room conditions!

Tip 7: ectoparasites are more harmful.

In the process of modern pig raising, our pigs have little or no contact with soil and green feed, so the harm of internal parasites is far less than that of external parasites. I have said at many pig-raising technology promotion meetings that the significance of environmental pest control is far greater than oral drugs. When pig farms do insect repellent procedures, they must pay more attention to the purification of ectoparasites and environmental pesticides. In many pig farms, fattening pigs have to be deworming two or three times in their lives, but they have never been deworming in the environment, so the growth potential of pigs has not been released.

Tip 8: The pigsty door must be firmly and conveniently opened and closed.

Many pig farms have fences made of steel bars or steel pipes. Because the destructiveness of the pig was not considered in the design, after a period of time, the iron wires were entangled one by one, which was very inconvenient to open and close. Even some pig farms have already paid for the maintenance of the gate. In fact, the biggest loss is the workers' time. It takes a lot of time to open and close a door, which should be the maintenance of pigs. The door of the fence must be easy to open and close, and it is not easy to be damaged by pigs. It is really a pity that some pig farms have opened their pens, causing boars to escape, kill or maim.

Secret 9: Double Water Supply System

Fortunately, many friends who raise pigs have already done it. Each pig shed should be equipped with a water tank of about 200 kg (the size is self-determined) and it can be switched to supply water to the pigs in this shed separately, so that it will be much easier when the pigs have any abnormal conditions, or when the temperature is high in summer. It is better not to save this money, which is very practical.

Wild boar part

Secret 10: Exercise every day.

Exercise is the key to keep boars strong sexual desire and good figure, especially boars with strong limbs and hooves. Many pig farms are afraid of trouble or because of limited conditions, there is no sports ground, which leads to overweight boars or decreased sperm quality. In the daily feeding work, it is also a common means to lure boars and check the situation with boars, which can not only make boars exercise properly, but also promote sows to estrus and find sows in estrus in time.

Secret eleven: combing

Many friends who raise pigs told me that his boar is fierce, disobedient and even attacks people. The reason is actually very simple, that is, our breeders have not treated it well, and even abused it. As the saying goes, sow is good, a litter is good, boar is good, and a slope is good. Boars should not only ensure reasonable nutrition, but also take more care. It is suggested that pig farms prepare an iron comb and make it clear that a breeder combs each boar at least twice a day. Three planers a day is better than feeding. More importantly, boars will become very docile and obedient.

Tip 12: prevent high temperature and cold wave pressure in advance

Watching the weather forecast has always been a compulsory course for pig farmers, but watching the medium and long-term weather forecast is the really smart pig farmers. For boars, cold wave and high temperature will seriously affect semen quality. Experienced breeders know that the litter size of sows bred in high and low temperature seasons will be significantly reduced or lower than the average. Therefore, if pig farmers look at the medium and long-term weather forecast, they can do some treatment to the boar shed in advance, or add some anti-stress additives to the boar feed, such as cod liver oil, vitamin B complex, baking soda, probiotics and so on.

Secret 13: wild boar fight

The method is also very simple. You can separate two fighting wild boars with a torch. Although it is rare, once two boars meet, they will definitely fight, and generally they will stop until the other side has no strength to fight back. People often rely on tools such as pig boards, but people are easily injured.

Hint 14: location of male pigsty

In principle, the male pig house should be located in the upwind direction of the sow house, 50 meters away from the breeding room (or weaned sows). Large-scale pig farms are doing well. Small and medium-sized autotrophic farms like to keep boars and sows together, and some also listen to the advice of experts, saying that this can promote sow estrus. In fact, after such a long time, the sexual desire of boars is not good.

Sowing part

Tips 15: 16 policy to raise sows well

As long as we adhere to the 16-character policy in the process of sow reproduction, there will be no big problem. The 16-character policy is a reasonable feeding plan, which emphasizes "feeding by weight, feeding by offspring, regular and quantitative feeding, and timely and appropriate feeding". Moreover, the sow feeding plan is based on the principle of minimum quantity, and will be adjusted according to the weight during the feeding process. Some of our experts always like to give friends who raise pigs a quantitative index. In fact, in the hands of breeders, there is no difference in the amount of about one kilogram, unless a scale is used. Therefore, sow feeding generally adopts the total population quantitative method. If there are 100 sows, it is estimated that there are 400 kilograms or 500 kilograms of rations every day. In principle, sows are the only ration account in pig farms.

Secret 16: protecting sow's ear roots

Special attention should be paid to protecting the ear roots of sows, because a sow needs to be vaccinated many times a year and needs some injection health care. If the sow's ear root is damaged, it will be a very bad thing, and the muscles can't be absorbed normally, which will affect the effect of vaccines and drugs. Once in a pig farm, I saw a serious cyst at the root of the sow's ear, and black liquid with blood flowed out after being cut. At that time, I thought it might be oxytetracycline injection. It was later confirmed by pig farmers that my judgment was correct. Never let some novices go to pig farms to try sows.

Here, I would like to remind pig farmers that the needles we use for epidemic prevention or treatment of sows must be of good quality, not only elastic, but also rigid and must not be broken. I found that many sows in pig farms have broken needles at the root of their ears.

Secret 17: The sow positioning column should be supplemented by a small enclosure.

The so-called small fence refers to a playground with an area of about 10 square meter and a slot length of about 1.5-2.0 meters, with partitions or no slots, preferably facing the sun. Each shed can raise 3-5 weaned sows.

At present, with the development of pig industry, especially with the support of capital market and relevant national policies, a number of large pig enterprises have emerged. Many amateurs have joined the pig industry. They have never been engaged in pig production, and most of them ask some well-known domestic experts to help design, often ignoring that the construction of pig farm facilities is to achieve production goals and facilitate production, not to meet the acceptance of relevant departments or for outsiders to visit. Especially in the design of sow pens, they are all positioning pens. There must be some special sows in our sow herd, such as those who are lovelorn and dystocia. After weaning, it needs to be raised and managed in a small fence. The management of high-yield sows needs to be equipped with a certain number of small fences.

Tip 18: The smaller the delivery room, the better.

Recently, in a certain place in Anhui, a pig farm with an investment of 8 million RMB designed a double row delivery room with a width of 8.5 meters and a length of 100 meter. According to the director, there are 65,438+000 maternity beds. Such a large delivery room, first, will never be completely in and out, second, will never be completely disinfected, third, the insulation will never be in place, so the survival rate of suckling pigs in the delivery room will never reach the standard, and finally, it will never be possible to make money in this field. Of course, if he keeps a pet pig, he may also make money!

At the end of last century, pig farmers knew that the delivery room should be the right size. If the cost permits, a room for each sow will be good. However, practice has proved that for large-scale pig farms, a delivery room with 20 beds is more suitable, which is acceptable to everyone in terms of cost and management, and it is easy to ventilate in winter, heat up quickly, cool down quickly in summer, and can be completely disinfected.

Secret 19: keep your appetite

Many experienced pig farms will also encounter the problem of sows not eating after delivery, so it is particularly important to maintain sow appetite. There are three main points. First, take food restriction measures for moderately obese prenatal sows to form a strong appetite before delivery and continue until postpartum. Second, the first sip of water that sows drink after delivery is preferably warm bran salt soup, which can effectively prevent stomach discomfort caused by excessive drinking water. Third, the feeding plan must be strictly implemented within one week after delivery. Of course, postpartum vaccination is also a very effective measure, especially to prevent mastitis and metritis.

Secret 20: postpartum milk protection

The key to good sow milk is to control the fat in the early pregnancy. Generally, it is required to control the fat at 70% or moderate in 84-90 days of pregnancy, and the nutritional reserves completed by sows in the later period or one month before labor will be quickly converted into milk after delivery. Except for health factors, all sows with poor milk are generally overfeed in the early pregnancy.

Tip 2 1: increase the birth weight of suckling pigs

The birth weight of suckling pigs is an important index in the process of raising pigs. Generally, the survival rate of suckling pigs with birth weight below 1 kg is only about 50%, and the key to improve birth weight is nutrition supply one month before delivery, which is determined by the pre-pregnancy status of sows. In other words, the better the fat control of sows in the early pregnancy, the greater the feed supply in the later period, the more it can meet the needs of rapid fetal growth, and the greater the birth weight may be. The average birth weight of Duchangsan pigs is about 65438±0.5kg.

Tip 22: Drive away the heavy sow.

Once a heavy sow went to bed, which embarrassed friends who raised pigs. They can't lift it, drive it or move it too thick. Although it is only a few, it is really a headache and wastes too much manpower and time. The method is to use a basket or bag bigger than the head and put the pig's head on it to adjust the direction. It is simple and convenient to let the pig walk backwards without going forward.

Part of suckling piglets

Tip 23: Teaching the material trough is very beneficial.

Nowadays, most pig farms begin to use maternity beds, but most of the teaching slots arranged on the maternity beds are round or long, with several feeding positions. According to my experiment, if two circular teaching troughs are placed on one side of the maternity bed near the thermal insulation belt and one circular teaching trough is placed on the other side, the feeding speed and feed intake can be obviously improved, and the nest feed intake can be increased by about 12.6% at the age of 20 days, but the ambient temperature must be kept above 20 degrees.

Tip 24: Benefit 5 degrees.

When the suckling pig in the delivery room is transferred to the nursery, the temperature in the nursery is 5 degrees higher than the ambient temperature of the suckling pig in the delivery room within one week, which is called benefit 5 degrees. If your suckling pig always has problems of one kind or another, especially in autumn, winter and spring, try it.

Tip 25: Weaning standard

How to reasonably determine the weaning time? Many friends who raise pigs vacillate on the issue of determining weaning time, and can't find a basis. Some pig farms decide the weaning time according to the season, temperature or whether the pigs are good or not. Personally, I think the weaning time is determined by three factors: first, the sow's fat status can only be weaned if it reaches the medium fat status or even lower than the medium fat status; Second, the weight of suckling pigs is recommended to be weaned above 6 kg, but if the delivery room and nursery conditions are good, it can also be advanced appropriately; The third is the feed intake of suckling pigs. It is suggested that suckling pigs can be weaned only when their daily intake reaches or exceeds their daily gain, but not in general pig farms. Only when their daily intake reaches at least * * grams can suckling pigs be weaned. It is reasonable to determine the reasonable weaning time from these three conditions. Under special circumstances, when the sow can't ensure fat by increasing the feeding amount and feeding times, we usually protect the mother rather than the baby, and protect the big one rather than the small one.

Tip 26: Pig farm resistance

The health of inguinal lymph nodes in piglets is the standard of good resistance in pig farms.

Assuming that the vaccines are effective and the drugs purchased are real, is the planned immunization we have done effective? Will it be risky for us to make vaccines? Do some routine prevention or treatment can achieve the expected results? Will it be a problem to change teams and refuel? How do we estimate? According to my production practice and pig breeding research for more than ten years, whether a pig farm can effectively avoid these problems depends on whether the superficial lymph nodes of pigs are normal, especially whether the superficial lymph nodes of suckling pigs are healthy is a more effective judgment basis. If most of the inguinal lymph nodes of a self-bred piglet in the delivery room of a pig farm are healthy, and there is no bruise, purple and swelling, it can basically be judged that the pig's resistance is good, the environmental pressure of the pig is small, and the pig's health is good. Whether it is planned epidemic prevention or drug prevention or treatment, the effect will be very good. Our friends who make feed have a saying that no matter how good the feed is, some people say it is not good, and no matter how bad the feed is, some people say it is good. So what's the difference? The health level of pigs. If properly managed and pigs are healthy, even inferior feed will perform well.

Tip 27: Intraperitoneal fluid infusion and heating

Diarrhea of suckling piglets is the most common disease. In fact, no matter what the cause of diarrhea is, dehydration is the most important concern of suckling piglets, as well as body temperature drop. Therefore, abdominal rehydration is the most commonly used technical measure in the treatment of diarrhea in suckling piglets, and before rehydration, it is necessary to heat the rehydration to accurately grasp the body temperature of pigs. However, many pig friends do not heat up the fluid when they do abdominal fluid replacement, especially for suckling pigs with very low body temperature.

Secret 28: Successful Teaching

We require suckling pigs to learn to eat before 15 days of age, otherwise early weaning is impossible and there is no way to reach the expected target weight. However, many friends who raise pigs find it difficult. It is often said that the sow's milk is too good for the piglet to be hungry, or that if it is put in the teaching trough, the piglet just won't eat it. But if the following conditions are met, suckling pigs will soon learn to eat: first, the position of the teaching trough must be between the sow and the heat preservation area, which is where suckling pigs often pass; Second, there are many teaching slots, and Secret 23 has already been told. Third, the teaching trough should be very bright, and suckling pigs should not go to dark places; Fourth, the teaching trough should be very warm, and the suckling pigs will not go if the temperature is low; Fifth, the feed should be fresh and palatable, no matter whether the suckling pig eats it or not, it should be replaced at least 3 times a day; Sixth, the strongest in this nest is forced to feed, and the imitation habit of suckling pigs can speed up the learning of the whole group.

Secret 29: Nursery and manure leakage board

At present, many friends who raise pigs make the nursery into a 100% fecal leakage floor, which is actually not very good, because the piglets coming out of this nursery are relatively difficult to locate the feces and urine in the fattening shed. It is suggested that when building a new pig farm, considering the importance of manure position to fattening production, it is best to make two-thirds or half of the manure leakage floor, which can also save some costs.

Tip 30: Pigs should also be "trained" when transferred to other groups.

When farmers use plastic greenhouses to raise seedlings in vegetable or cotton nutrition pots, or when raising seedlings in rice greenhouses, they should be ventilated regularly before transplanting, and then slowly extend the time until a few days after the plastic greenhouses are removed. This process is called seedling training. In fact, this principle also applies to raising pigs. Our suckling pig (about 30kg) grew up in a nursery. In order to transfer them to the fattening shed in time and safely, it is particularly important to "practice seedlings" in advance and let them adapt to the natural climate outside as soon as possible, especially in autumn, winter and spring.

Secret 3 1: weaning feed supply

Whether weaning is good or not has a great relationship with the feeding plan after weaning. We all know that piglets eat freely before weaning, and the feed trough can be filled with feed at any time. However, within one week after weaning, we must reduce the amount of each meal and increase the feeding times, thus increasing the daily feed intake of piglets. Some pig friends take appropriate feeding restriction measures after weaning. Although piglets are safely weaned, the growth rate of weaned piglets is seriously slowed down due to insufficient nutrition, thus prolonging the slaughter time, which is not worth the loss.

Tip 32: Buy a young pig.

The quality of piglets is directly related to the survival rate of pigs and the ratio of feed to meat, which means that it is closely related to the interests of pig farmers. So what kind of piglets should we buy? I think the first thing to buy piglets is the age of the pig, that is, how many days, and the second thing is to buy the weight, that is, how many kilograms the pig reaches in how many days, for example, more than 50 days 15 kg, and more than 28 kg in 70 days. The third is to buy healthy superficial lymph nodes. Whether the lymph nodes of young pigs are normal or not is a key indicator to judge the health status of these pigs (see Tip 26), and it is also a key indicator to determine whether there will be problems after these pigs come back.

Finishing pig parts

Secret 33: Empty Circle Management and Group Management

There is a practical problem in fattening pig breeding, that is, after a period of feeding, some pigs will get sick in groups. At this time, there is a certain gap. First of all, adjust the small pigs in the individual group and raise them centrally. Second, focus on special nutrition treatment for some sick pigs to speed up their recovery. Therefore, when planning to put pigs in pens, we must increase the density reasonably and adjust it after a while. We will raise the smaller pigs in each pen and concentrate them, or concentrate the sick pigs. This is called pig arrangement, also called herd management. This measure is of great significance to prevent fighting and improve group order.

Tip 34: Feed freely and cut properly.

Free feeding, as its name implies, is continuous feeding, which is a common means in fattening pig production. However, in order to maintain the pig's appetite, especially in hot summer, proper feed reduction every day will not only affect the pig's feed intake, on the contrary, it can maintain the pig's good appetite. As a breeder, it is necessary to be able to estimate whether the feed intake of pigs is reasonable or not, and cutting off the feed as planned is also an effective method to improve the estimation accuracy.

Tip 35: Location of feces and urine

A pig is a very clean animal. Pigs don't care about hygiene and defecate everywhere, but our managers don't have a good position. As the saying goes, raising pigs is ignorant and the nest is full. The wet ground of pigsty will increase the chance of illness and waste a lot of time for breeders. I have done statistics, the same ten pens, whether the toilet is positioned well or not, the time error spent on floor cleaning is more than half, so wash it with water. As a matter of fact, water is too cheap for pig farms with poor positioning, so you can use it at will. In pig farms where water is expensive, the feces and urine of ordinary pigs are well positioned. The key to positioning is that pigs should not be washed with water casually within one week after they are transferred to new pens, but should be swept, washed and washed frequently. Traditional methods are also very effective, such as putting some pig manure in designated places and splashing some water.

Tip 36: Prevent and treat bites.

Pigs bite their ears and tails. Our farmer friends used to call it bite disease. According to relevant reports, pig biting is not a "patent" in China, and raising pigs abroad also exists. Some experts in China have done research, and the occurrence of biting diseases is still regular, that is, the incidence of exotic breeds is higher than that of local breeds, the incidence of fattening boars is higher than that of fattening sows, the breeding breeds are higher than that of local breeds, and the even array is higher than the odd array (so each circle is singular). Many friends who raise pigs in the north hang a chain in the fattening shed, and the effect is very good. Personally, in addition to excluding disease factors, special attention should be paid to the afternoon or evening when transferring or living in groups to disturb the sense of smell of pigs in time. Generally, disinfectants with strong pungent smell should be selected, and parasites should be controlled next. Pigs with traumatic bleeding must be treated in time, and grouping measures should be in place (see Tip 33) to ensure that the size gap between pigs in the same circle is not too big.