How to plant pepper technology in Xuwen, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province? Seek technology

Cultivation conditions: The temperature requirement of pepper is between eggplant and eggplant. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 23-30℃, and it cannot germinate below 65438 05℃. Pepper seedlings need high temperature, low temperature and slow growth. At the beginning of flowering and fruiting, the optimum temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. The soil temperature is too high at the fruiting stage, especially when the strong light shines directly on the ground, which is not conducive to root growth and is easy to cause toxin disease and sunburn. Soil preparation and base fertilizer pepper should avoid continuous cropping, and should not be continuous cropping with eggplant, tomato, potato and tobacco crops. The plot for planting pepper requires good drainage, convenient irrigation and drainage, and requires deep ploughing. It is best to cultivate in winter and loosen the frozen soil to improve the soil and eliminate overwintering pests and pathogen spores. Before planting, the soil should be prepared again, and the topsoil should be kept large, which is beneficial to ventilation and cooling, and has a good effect on preventing falling flowers, camps and leaves. The requirements of vegetable farmers in Changsha for planting pepper fields are "deep ditch, high ridge and broken old base;" The soil is flat and big, and the water flows smoothly. "The width of the border is generally 1.3- 1.7 m (flat ditch), and 2-3 rows are planted. There are also flower beds 2.3-2.7 meters wide, which are planted horizontally on the flower beds. At the same time, 50-80 loads of decomposed manure, calcium superphosphate 15 kg and plant ash 25 kg were applied as base fertilizer per mu. Seeding and seedling raising methods in plastic small arch shed are introduced as follows:

① Selection of seedbed: The seedbed should be a plot with the back facing south, dry and refreshing, convenient water source and no solanaceae crops.

(2) Seedbed preparation: It is best to dig deep the baked soil on the seedbed in dog days, sprinkle a layer of human and animal manure on it, dry it, and cover it with a film to prevent fertilizer loss when it rains.

③ Sowing: Before sowing, fully wet, refine and level the bed soil. The width of seedbed is generally 1.5- 1.7 meters ... Generally, seeds are not soaked to accelerate germination. Early-maturing varieties are generally sown in 65438+ 10, and late-maturing varieties are generally sown in February-March. Planting an acre requires sowing 75- 120g. After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash, with a thickness of about 2 cm, depending on whether the seeds are covered or not. Then water it, cover it with plastic film after collecting the water, and finally enclose a small arch with thin bamboo poles or bamboo pieces, which is about 0.5 meters high and covered with a film, and the north side of the film is compacted with soil to prevent wind. It is best to press both sides with bricks, so as to expose the film for ventilation at any time.

(4) Seedbed management: generally, management is not needed from sowing to emergence. When seedlings are found, the plastic film should be removed immediately, otherwise high seedlings will be formed. After emergence, uncover the film at 9: 00 a.m. on sunny days and cover it at 4: 00 p.m., and try to ventilate as much as possible on rainy days. If it is found that the bed soil is white and the seedlings are wilting, it is necessary to water it. The watering time must be at 9: 00 am 1-2 am, and it should be checked again after watering for two hours. If it is found that some parts are still dry, it is necessary to replenish water to make the seedlings grow consistently. It is not suitable to water in rainy and freezing days, otherwise the bed temperature will be lowered due to excessive humidity, and diseases will easily occur. On snowy days, you can cover the grass window with a film, or you can put electric lights in the bed to protect the seedlings from freezing.

⑤ Sowing: In order to make the seedlings robust and the roots developed, when two true leaves appear in the seedlings, they need to be followed at one time, with the plant spacing of 6- 10cm and the row spacing of 12- 15cm, and watering while planting to prevent the seedlings from wilting. The preparation, requirements and management of seedbed are similar to those of seedbed. The suitable soil temperature for planting pepper is above 65438 05℃. Early planting can not achieve the goal of early maturity because of low soil temperature, slow growth and falling flowers. Plant spacing: the row spacing of early-maturing varieties is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing is 26-33 cm, and each hole 1-2 plants. The row spacing of late-maturing varieties is 66-73 cm, the plant spacing is 50-60 cm, and each hole 1 plant. Choose sunny afternoon for planting, and water the seedbed in the morning to facilitate seedling pulling. Field management ① intertillage weeding: shallow intertillage once in time after field planting survives. Plants began to grow and concentrated in intertillage once. Till the factory closes, cultivate again. Intertillage combined with weeding and ridging.

(2) Fertilizer and water management: after planting, it is necessary to catch up with the seedling fertilizer in sunny days, and the dosage should not be too much and too thick each time, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth and delay flowering and fruiting. When the first and second layers bear fruit, more fertilizer should be applied to promote fruit growth. After fruit picking, it is more necessary for the soil to have enough fertilizer and water for plants to grow and bear fruit normally. If it rains heavily before the soil is dry after watering, the phenomenon of falling leaves and dying will be quite common, especially during the period from ups and downs to beginning of autumn. Therefore, when irrigating, we must decide the irrigation time according to the weather forecast. The depth of irrigation shall not exceed three-quarters of the side ditch, and it shall be carried out at night or in the early morning, and emergency irrigation and drainage shall be carried out.

(3) Harvest and seed storage: As fresh food, green fruits can be harvested more, and red fruits can also be harvested. As a dry pepper, it is necessary to harvest the red ripe fruit in time, otherwise it will affect the growth and fruit of the plant.

The method of combining seed-keeping and harvest plant selection with fruit selection is to select standard plants in the field according to the characteristics of varieties and mark them as seed-keeping plants. The first layer of fruit should be harvested as soon as possible, and 2-4 layers of fruit should be reserved as seed fruit. When the seed fruit is red and ripe, further select the fruit with the characteristics of the variety, spread the picked seed fruit in the shade, ripen it for 5-7 days, cut it open, take it out, dry it and store it.