Why did Xiongnu women have a large number of abortions during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? Is it always concentrated in spring?

Today, Bian Xiao tells you the reason why Xiongnu women had a large number of abortions during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. I hope I can help you.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is one of the most successful emperors in China, and resisting Xiongnu is one of his most important achievements. Under the constant attack of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the once powerful Xiongnu Empire suffered an unprecedented blow. So, how was the Xiongnu defeated? Sima Guang quoted Ban Gu, the author of Han Shu, as saying in Self-study:

"At the age of three, Liang Wudi collapsed. The former Han soldiers hunted for more than 20 years, and the Huns were incompetent and lazy? " Very bitter. In this case, there are often desires and relatives. '

That is to say, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han army chased the Huns for more than 20 years, and the women and female animals of the Huns were chased to abortion, which was extremely difficult. So because Khan is below, everyone wants to be unified with the Han Dynasty and end the state of war.

Then, why did Xiongnu women have a large number of abortions during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? When do they mainly have abortions? According to historical records, we get an answer, that is, every spring.

As we all know, agricultural production dominated the Han Dynasty and nomadic industry dominated the Huns. Therefore, the war between Han and Xiongnu has obvious seasonality.

Xiongnu invaded the border of Han Dynasty, mainly in autumn or early winter, because at this time, the nomadic work for one year was basically completed, and the soldiers strengthened Ma Zhuang, so autumn was called high horse fat. Moreover, in autumn, the weather is dry and precipitation is scarce, and Xiongnu crossbowmen is in the strongest state. On the other hand, in the Han Dynasty, autumn was the harvest season of crops, so it was difficult to separate redundant manpower to guard against the Huns. If the Han army on the border is unfortunately defeated by the Huns, tarquin will rush in and take away the crops that the Han farmers have worked so hard to plant.

Therefore, every autumn, the Han Dynasty put as many troops as possible to defend the Great Wall, which is called "autumn defense". However, before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the decline of the national strength of the Han Dynasty, the Huns "gained a lot, but gained a little", and the border guards were beaten to pieces by the Huns.

However, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the offensive and defensive trend reversed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked the Huns in an all-round way with great strength, and the timing of the attack was also very special, that is, concentrated in spring.

According to the statistics of scholar Liu Ming, autumn and winter only account for 16% in the second half of the year. 7%。

In fact, when Liang Wudi attacked the Huns, it was also designated as autumn. Record:

Since the autumn of five years, after Ma Yijun, four generals of the Han Dynasty rode horses to Huguan.

However, the effect of this campaign is not ideal. In addition to Wei Qing scored seven hundred enemy generals, Gongsun Zan and Li Guang failed, and even Li Guang was captured. Gongsun wandered in the desert and found nothing. He didn't even touch the man.

The first anti-Xiongnu campaign, although Wei Qing had some bright spots, was hardly a successful campaign. Therefore, the rulers and ministers of the Han Dynasty summed up their experience and found that autumn was the period when the Xiongnu had the strongest fighting capacity, and this time was the first time to attack the Xiongnu.

So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Wei Qing decided to concentrate on the next attack in the spring. In this regard, historical records say:

"Next spring, Wei Qing will return to the small building of Prince Hu and Prince Aries in the west of Yunlong River, Henan Province, and get thousands of Hu Shoulu and more than one million sheep."

In the spring of the following year, Han sent Wei Qing to transfer100000 soldiers from the north. Right thought Han Bing was afraid to come, so he was drunk. "Han soldiers walked six or seven hundred Li, and the night attack surrounded the right wing."

In these two spring wars, the Han army won positive air victories. The former captured 1 10,000 animals, while the latter captured1.5,000 enemies. The former dealt a fatal blow to the Xiongnu economy.

In the spring of 12 1 year BC, Huo Qubing led his army into Hexi alone and won a total victory, beheading 40,000 people and taking 40,000 prisoners. 11In the spring of 9, Emperor Wu sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to launch the battle of Mobei. In this war, the Han army defeated 85 thousand enemy troops and seized countless livestock. After that, Xiongnu fled Mobei and never entered the desert in the south.

After Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Li Guangli and others began to attack Hu with spring as the center.

So, why did the Han army have to attack the Huns in the spring? According to the investigation of scholars, nomadic people are in the weakest position in spring. As Zhao Chongguo said:

"From now on, in March, Ma Lu really lost weight. He dare not donate his wife to other species. He will fight for him to stay away from rivers and mountains. "

For nomads, their lifeblood is livestock. The more livestock, the better life. But compared with food, raising livestock is extremely risky. For livestock, the biggest enemy is winter. Before winter comes every year, they will become nomads, settle down and live in the valley near the hillside or in the fields in winter. But if there is a serious snowstorm, the Huns' livestock will be torn to pieces, leading to a great famine.

Winter is usually the mating season for Huns and grassland dwellers. After all, cows, horses, sheep and women are busy in summer and autumn. In order to improve efficiency, Huns often have children in winter and wait until the next year. Cattle, horses and sheep on the grassland are all the same. This is a natural law and can greatly improve the survival rate.

In spring, Xiongnu women and livestock will have slight swelling during pregnancy. However, at this time, the Han army launched a large-scale counterattack. This period of time is the weakest time of the Huns in a year. Cattle and sheep have just passed the winter, and their fat has been exhausted. But there is not much grass in spring, so we should carefully adjust the grass to make the livestock gain weight.

Due to the limited grassland, the originally scattered Xiongnu herds are often concentrated in areas rich in aquatic plants. This kind of big group is composed of small groups, which is the best target of the Han army's attack.

What about Han Jun? Their horses were guaranteed by the grain accumulated in Wen Jing's time, unlike the Huns who depended on pasture. So although winter came, the horses of the Han army were still in a state of fighting. It goes without saying that a strong soldier will defeat a weak soldier. Therefore, the Han army can always defeat the Huns in the spring war.

Because the Huns' livestock were concentrated in a small area, thousands or even millions of horses, cattle and sheep were captured by the Han army. In addition, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Han army, Huns often fled hundreds or even thousands of miles away. For pregnant Hun women and female animals, long-distance running is a fatal blow to those who should have children, and it is easy to miscarry and die.

So the female creatures of Xiongnu will be "pregnant lazy?" A terrible scene. Although there are only four short words, it is creepy and frightening.

Pay attention to the right time, the right place and the right person when fighting. The reason why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was able to defeat the Xiongnu was to seize the opportunity, find the Xiongnu's seven inches and chase it to the end. From this point of view, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was indeed a wise emperor.