Poetry appreciation

[Note] (1) and (He): Write poems and words named "He" according to the meter or content of other people's poems. The third volume of Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Qian" said: "The people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are not in harmony with poetry, and the people in the late Tang Dynasty are effective rhymes." The "harmony" here refers to answering with poetry. Because Lu Cheng wrote a poem "Looking at Early Spring", Du also answered him with the same meaning. Jinling: Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province today. Lu Cheng: Cheng of Jinling County, surnamed Lu. Cheng: Assistant Minister under the county magistrate. Looking at early spring: it is Lu Cheng's original title. (2) Unique: only. (3) partial shock: instead, I was shocked. Phenology: namely scenery and climate. Refers to the changes in scenery and climate caused by seasonal changes in nature. (4) Haishu: the dawn of the sea. (5) Crossing Dongchun: Jiangnan is warm, plum blossoms bloom first, and Liu is cold in the north of the river. Now, the color of plum blossoms has arrived. It means Jiangnan Jiangbei, and the spring scenery is full of eyes. (6) Shu Qi: Spring and warm breath. Yellow bird: This means that the warm breath of spring is urging yellow to sing. (7) Clear light: the sunshine in spring. Turn green apples: It means that the sunshine in spring makes the apple grass in the water greener and brighter. (8) Sudden hearing: multifunctional sudden hearing. Songs: singing, chanting. Ancient tune: refers to Lu Cheng's poem "Looking at Early Spring", praising his poem in the style of the ancients. (9) Sister-in-law (IV): the idea of returning home. Wet towel: tears.

[Brief Comment] The author of this poem is the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu, which is one of his appreciation poems. In this poem, the author deeply felt and vividly described the scenery of early spring, which not only set off beautiful, warm and pleasant spring scenery, but also sincerely expressed the homesickness of tourists. The picture is exquisite and vivid. In writing, people generally don't describe the scenery first and then express their emotions, or the first half shows the second half. Instead, they are based on emotions, scene combination, circular care and careful construction. There is an epigram at the beginning of the poem, which is loud and saturated with Shen Lie's feelings, and writes out the strong awakening of "official travelers" to the change of seasons, thus expressing the poet's feelings of parting. The early spring scenery in the eyes of an official traveler is "stunning and always new". Therefore, although the spring scenery is gorgeous, it makes people feel excited and catalyzes the homesickness of this official traveler. The two couplets in the middle are concrete descriptions of "phenology is new": in this beautiful spring, the beautiful Wei Yun on that day seems to be rising from the sea; The spring breeze blows across the banks of the river, and it is full of vitality in the beautiful plum blossoms. This is a vision. Nearby, you can hear orioles singing tactfully in the spring breeze, and see the apple leaves in the pond are particularly bright under the sunlight. Clear words and beautiful sentences add color and posture, and accurately and vividly show the weather in early spring. However, this not only failed to make the "official traveler" render the joy of spring, but caused the "official traveler" to rethink. This is the positive writing of contrast. So at the end of the couplet, the original intention was formed, which not only took care of the homesickness theme that only wanderers can come to the eyes, but also pointed out the scene of early spring outing with poetry. The composition is rigorous and the artistic conception is profound. This poem has a strong emotional color, emphasizing the freshness of exotic customs and the anxiety of wandering in a foreign land.

[Introduction to the Poet] Du (646-708) was born in Gongxian County (now Henan Province). Because he belongs to Dujia in Xiangyang, both old and new Tang Shu are from Xiangyang. Jinshi between Emperor Gaozong and Xianheng. Wu Zetian moved food department Yuan Wailang. Because of making friends with Zhang Yizhi and other Liu Feng countries. Later, he became the master book of imperial academy and graduated from Xiuwenguan. He is Du Fu's grandfather, arrogant and conceited. He once said, "My writing should be the official of Qu Song and my pen should be the north of Wang Xizhi" (Old Tang Book). Du Fu's exclusivity was also inherited from him. This poem was also written by Wei.

This is a peace poem. The original song was "Looking at Early Spring" written by Lu Cheng of Jinling. Jinling, now Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, belonged to Piling County on Jiangnan East Road in the Tang Dynasty. The author's friend Lu Cheng, whose name is unknown, used to be the magistrate of Jinling County. Before and after the first year of Wu Zetian's Yongchang (689), Du worked in Jiangyin County, and Liu was a current friend of the same county and neighboring counties. It may be the right time for them to travel together and sing in unison. Lu's original singing is unknown. Du Fu's "Harmony Poetry" has the same theme as the original singer, expressing his feelings and thoughts on being an official in the south of the Yangtze River.

After the poet Tang Gaozong entered the Jinshi in the first year of Xianheng (670), he was frustrated in his official career and always worked as a junior official like Xian Cheng and County Commandant. By the first year of Yongchang, he had been an official for nearly 20 years, and his poems were very famous, but he was still far away from Luo Jing and had a very unhappy life in Jiangyin, a small county. In early spring in Jiangnan, it is a pleasure to watch the scenery with friends, but Rainbow can. He "believes in beauty but not us" and might as well go home. So this poem is written with different feelings, including surprises, unpleasantness, enjoyment, unhappiness, freshness, sadness, beauty, indifference, even sadness and grumbling.

At the beginning of the poem, I expressed that only vagrants who have left their homes for official careers will be surprised by the festive climate in a foreign land. The implication is that if you are in your hometown or local people, you will be familiar with it. In this kind of "unique" and "slightly surprised" emphasis tone, the poet's ambivalence of official traveling to the south of the Yangtze River is vividly manifested: this beginning is quite unique and has great personality characteristics.

The middle couplet says "meditation". On the surface, these two couplets describe the phenological changes in the south of the Yangtze River from the beginning of the new year to mid-spring and February, showing the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. In fact, the poet wrote the novelty of a foreign land in the south of the Yangtze River by comparing the phenology of his hometown in the Central Plains. In the fresh scenery of mid-spring in the south of the Yangtze River, there are poets who are nostalgic for their hometown in late spring in the Central Plains, admiring every sentence and homesick everywhere.

The sentence "Xia Yun" was written at the beginning of the new year. In the ancient concept, the God of Spring is the East Emperor, whose orientation is in the east, sunrise is in the east and spring comes from the east. In the Central Plains, the phenology at the beginning of the Spring Festival is "the east wind thaws, the sting insect vibrates at the beginning, and the fish freezes" (Book of Rites). The wind is warm and the water is still cold. In the coastal waters of Jiangnan water town, spring breeze and spring water are warm and turbid. Therefore, the poet highlighted the Spring Festival in the south of the Yangtze River as the sun rose from the East China Sea to the world, reflecting the morning clouds.

The sentence "Liu Mei" is about the flowers and trees in the first month of early spring. They are all plum blossoms, belonging to the first month of early spring. In the north, this is Xun Mei in the snow. Looking at the willow color in the distance, winter has not disappeared; Jiangnan is already a spring of plum blossoms and willow leaves, as described by the poet in Daan written in the first month of the same year: "Plum blossoms fall and willow leaves open, which is a good wind." So this sentence says that when Liu Mei crossed Jiang Lai, it was already a warm spring in bloom in the south of the Yangtze River.

Next, write spring birds. "Shu Qi" refers to the warm climate in spring. "Yellow bird" is oriole, also known as Cang Geng. Cang Geng Ming (Book of Rites, February. "Moon Order"), both north and south, but Jiangnan orioles are more happy. Lu Ji, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, said, "Cao Hui lives in a tree and enjoys being a bird." "I see an oriole dart in the warm wind" is the application of Lu's poems, and the word "urge" highlights the characteristics of birds singing in February in Jiangnan.

Then, write water plants. "Clear light" means spring. "Green apple" is duckweed. In Central Plains, Ji Chun was born in March (Book of Rites). Monthly order "); In Jiangnan, Jiang Yan, a poet of the Liang Dynasty, said: "In February and spring in Jiangnan, the east wind turns to green apples. "("Beauty's Spring Tour ") This sentence says" a clear water and grass reflect the sun ",which means the use of Jiang poetry, implying that the phenology of spring in February in the south of the Yangtze River is exactly the same as that in late spring in March in the Central Plains, a whole month earlier.

In short, the new is strange because of the old, and the scenery is surprised because of the emotion. Surprised by homesickness and homesickness, I feel more novel in a foreign land. Jiangnan phenology in the eyes of these two couplets also contains nostalgia for the hometown of the Central Plains, which is consistent with the ambivalence of the first couplet and naturally turns to the last couplet.

"Ancient tune" is a title that respects the original song of Lu Chengyuan. The poet used "sudden news" to express the external tone, cleverly showing that Lu Cheng's poems inadvertently touched the poet's homesickness and made him cry. On the other hand, it is precisely because the poet is homesick that once it is triggered, he will burst into tears. This ending not only points out the idea, but also points out the harmony and meaning, and the structure is rigorous and meticulous.

When people appreciate this poem, they often prefer the first and last couplets and skip the middle couplets. In fact, its conception is complete and original. Although the ending is unique, if there is no unique scene description in the middle two couplets, the whole poem will not be so full, coherent, interesting and irrelevant. In this sense, the beauty of this poem lies in the couplets in the middle.