June 6th of ethnic minorities.

Buyi people attach great importance to this festival and have always called it "off-year". When the festival comes, every village will kill chickens and pigs, make pennants with white paper, dip them in chicken blood or pig blood and put them in crops. It is said that if you do this, "Tianma" (locusts) will not come to eat crops. On the morning of the festival, several venerable old people in this village led young people to hold traditional activities to worship Pangu and clean the village to drive away ghosts. Except for those who attend the sacrifice, all the other men, women and children, according to Buyi custom, should wear national costumes and take glutinous rice, chickens and ducks, fish and water wine to the hillside outside the village to "hide from the mountains" (the local Han people call it catching the June market). After the sacrifice, the priest led everyone to the villages to sweep the graves to drive away the "ghosts", while the people in the "Tibetan Mountain" talked about the past, sang about the present and had various entertainment activities outside the villages. When the sun goes down. People who "hide from the mountains" sit on the floor one by one, uncover rice baskets, take out mellow wines and delicacies, and invite each other to visit. Wait until the mountain god rings "divide the meat! Divide the meat! " After shouting, people selected able-bodied men, divided them into four groups, carried four legs back to the mountain god, and the rest of them carried them home together, and then each household sent people to the stockade to collect the beef sacrificed to the mountain god. In festive entertainment, throwing flower bags is the most interesting. The flower bag is made of various colors of cloth and looks like a pillow. It contains rice bran, adzuki beans or cottonseed. The edge of the flower bag is decorated with lace, and when the flower bag is thrown "with whiskers", young men and women stand aside and throw at each other several meters apart. Its methods include right throw, left throw and overhead throw, but horizontal throw is not allowed. It is required to throw far, quickly and firmly. Flower bags are flying in the air, which is very beautiful. If a young man throws a flower bag at his beloved, and the bag falls to the ground over his shoulder, the girl will give him gifts, such as collars, rings and bracelets. This is regarded as a token of love, and the young man will keep it for a long time. .

Buyi festival legend:

June 6th has a long history. According to Li's "Nanlong Tuzhi" in the early Qing Dynasty, "June 6 has been planted, and its slaughter is like March, which is called June 6. Chinese says June 6th. Its intention is nothing more than praying for the elimination of disasters and wishing the crops a bumper harvest ... ". Its origin varies from place to place.

One of the sayings is that in ancient times, Pangu, the ancestor of Buyi people, accumulated experience in planting rice in his labor and harvested crops every year. Later, he married the daughter of the Dragon King and gave birth to a son named Xin Heng. Once the son offended his mother, the dragon lady returned to the Dragon Palace in a rage and never came back. "Pangu" had no choice but to remarry. Pangu died on June 6th, one year. Xinheng was abused by his stepmother and almost killed. He couldn't bear it, so he sued his stepmother and vowed to destroy the rice seedlings she cultivated. When her stepmother learned about it, she regretted it very much and finally made up with Hong Xin. On June 6th every year, the day Pangu died, she killed pigs and ducks and made sacrifices to Pangu. Therefore, Buyi people hold an activity of offering sacrifices to Pangu every year on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month to show the continuation of future generations and the bumper harvest of crops.

There is also a saying that once upon a time there was a young Buyi called Tiaoshi, who was smart, capable, cheerful and optimistic and had a moving voice. He often sings between farm work. His singing and personality touched a daughter of the Jade Emperor. She has been a teacher for a hundred years, and her husband and wife love each other in every way. Who knows it won't last long. Soon, the fairy came down to let the jade emperor know that he would not allow his daughter to marry a mortal, so he sent a god to separate the loving couple. When she left, the fairy gave the teacher a gourd with tears in her eyes and told him that she would pick him up from afar on the sixth day of June every year. According to the teacher's instructions, he will not continue to get married, and will go to the river to face his wife in the sky on June 6 every year until he enjoys his prime. Later, the Buyi people held a grand commemoration on the sixth day of June every year to celebrate their loyal love and express their gratitude to the fairy for giving the gourd. During the festival, every household purchases holiday supplies and cooks all kinds of zongzi. Young men and women fall in love and choose the right person. It is said that the person who chooses the object on this day will be very happy, because he or she will be blessed by the teacher and the fairy.

In Anlong area, this festival is of great significance to commemorate the victory of the people's resistance struggle. According to legend, local tyrant Sanliu of Xingyi County colluded with Si Liu, the dragon landlord, and slaughtered Buyi people in Anlong at the beginning of June in the ninth year of Tongzhi. Not afraid of violence, the people immediately rose to resist and defeated the enemy on June 6. So people added the content to commemorate the victory of the people's uprising in this festival. June 6th is a festival for Miao people to sacrifice their ancestors. There is a legend in Panlaer Mountain (Tongren, Songtao, Fenghuang, Huayuan, Xiushan, etc.). It is believed that the Miao youth shot the emperor with a natural spirit, which is completely consistent with the content of "Luo Tian's" xianggong "in the history of Miao literature.

According to legend, after three years of hard training, Tian Ling, a Miao hero, can shoot an arrow at the capital. On the day of returning home, Tian Ling went to bed early to save her strength, and told her mother to wake the rooster when it crowed for the first time. Who knows, after midnight, my mother dusted the rice and accidentally photographed the dustpan, and the sound of "patting" caused the cock to crow. After hearing the cock crow, Tian Ling quickly climbed Jiangjun Mountain (which is on the steep slope of Daxing at the junction of Songtao, Tongren and Fenghuang in Guizhou). He stepped on a mountain with each foot (there are two Pingdingshan with the same height in this area so far), aimed his bow at the Big Dipper and fired three arrows in succession. Three arrows hit the back of the emperor's dragon chair. At this time, the emperor was about to sit in the temple, but he saw that three arrows had just been inserted in the back of the dragon chair, and they trembled slightly and scared out in a cold sweat. The emperor found that the assassin was the celestial spirit in the scenic spot, so the celestial spirit was killed. It is said that the day of the murder was June 6th. So on this day, Miao people gathered at the foot of Jiangjun Mountain, whistling, singing Miao songs, dancing and inspiring, paying homage to the martyrs and praying for good luck, happiness, future and hope.

"June 6th Folk Song Art Festival"

Miao compatriots in Chengbu, Hunan Province hold a grand folk song festival every year on this day, when Miao, Han, Dong, Yao and other ethnic groups will gather here to sing folk songs. June Festival, hani language Bitter Slag Festival, is usually held around June 24th of the lunar calendar for three to six days. During the festival, cows are sacrificed to the gods, and young people get together to swing, wrestle, sing and dance, which makes them happy. Some places will light Song and Ming torches at home on this night and destroy everything. Every holiday, the Hani people must have three kinds of food: water celery beside the ditch, coriander with fish in the ridge, and cauliflower on the mountain. In addition, there are two famous dishes: cold raw fish and moss mixed with earthworms. During the festival, every family cut off banana leaves and spread them on the table, filled with various dishes. Except for women, the whole family and guests sit around drinking, eating delicious food and singing Bach. Bach has different contents in different festivals: celebrating the New Year and singing the origin of the New Year; When you build a house, you sing about how to build a house. Who was the first old man to build a house here? After the marriage, the Baja singer warned the bride and groom how to love each other and how to have children. We should also teach people how to calculate the years, how to divide the four seasons and how to arrange farm work.

Whenever the festival comes, it is also a romantic, happy and sweet day for young people to choose their partners. Rhododendrons all over the mountains decorate the Prison Mountain and Meng Le Mountain with flowers. Thousands of girls with white umbrellas and white underpants, like white and delicate white azaleas, are falling in the shade and swaying in the green. Boys are also in groups, blowing fists and playing strings, and their eyes linger on girls' faces. After they like it, they leave their partners and follow them. After a while, in the green, under the rock wall, a low and euphemistic "Atz" song floated, and the two sides began to ask about their names, ages, family background, or exams about the encyclopedia knowledge of heaven and earth. If it's over, stay together, or go their separate ways.

Az is different from Bach's love song, which is only suitable for singing in mountainous areas. If it is a general inquiry and "exam", you can sing it out loud. If it's a love story, talk slowly in the other person's ear, and don't let others listen. Regarding the origin of June Festival and Hani folklore, in ancient times, Hani people worshipped a "god" named Wei Zui. Every May and June, he goes to various shanzhai to inspect people, livestock and crops, which brings happiness to people. In order to show their devotion to Wei Zui, the Hani people carried a swing and made him a "white horse" to ride. Collect pine branches, grass and skin vegetables, prepare rich meals and horse fodder, welcome him into the village, and set up "rolling autumn" to drive away evil spirits and keep the cottage safe. From generation to generation, it gradually evolved into a Hani national festival.

The festival date is the year of the tiger or the year of the ox in June of the lunar calendar every year. This festival features the sixth month of the lunar calendar. Rice has just been planted and is turning blue. People have a little leisure. Generally speaking, they choose the Year of the Tiger or the Year of the Ox to start a two-or three-day festival.

Celebration method: On the first day, the faucet assigned young and strong young men to cut down two hard trees and some vines on the mountain to prepare for the resumption of autumn. Every household should gather together some old straw folding autumn houses (simple houses for entertainment).

The next day, two people will be sent to other livestock farms to buy a big buffalo. The boys will kill the buffalo in Mochou under the leadership of the dragon head, and each family will get the same amount of beef and cow blood. After killing the cow, the faucet will lead the boys to repair the ink mound and replace it with a new one. The faucet will be tied up with rattan. Before the sacrificial ceremony, no one is allowed to wave ink balls at will. Women make things for festivals at home.

In the early morning of the third day, regardless of rain or shine, the dragon head first made a sacrifice to his ancestors at home, wishing the whole village peace. Together with other small dragon heads, he brought his prepared food and wine to the autumn mill to make a sacrifice to his ancestors first, wishing the whole village happiness, auspiciousness and happiness. Then go to the fields to offer sacrifices to the fields, and wish the crops abundant and the livestock prosperous. After the sacrificial ceremony, the tap untied the rattan tied to the ink mound, and people began to swing the ink mound, singing and dancing until the sun set. The first day of the sixth lunar month is the annual June Festival of the Zhuang nationality (the first day of the seventh lunar month is celebrated in some places due to different regions), which is also called Xiaonian Festival, and also has different names such as "Liulang Festival" and "air billow Festival". According to legend, after the Zhuang leader Nong broke through the encirclement of the enemy, the place where he passed in June was celebrated in June, and the place where he passed in July was celebrated in July. The Emperor of Song Dynasty was very jealous of Nong Gaozhi and forbade people to commemorate him. The Zhuang people then called June Festival Liulang Festival. July Festival is called air billow Festival, which commemorates a person's national hero in the name of a festival.

June Festival is the biggest festival of Wenshan Zhuang Agricultural Branch, which is held on the first day of the sixth lunar month. During the festival, we didn't do any farm work for three days (just like the Spring Festival). Every family slaughtered cows and chickens, cooked five-color glutinous rice and held sacrificial activities, which was extremely lively and cheerful. At that time, according to the clan rules, after the food, wine and meat were ready, the stockade owner would first offer sacrifices to Nong Gaozhi, the leader of Zhuang nationality, and then each household could put bamboo couch in front of the door to make sacrifices and pray. This evening, there will be an activity to clean up "Yang Gui". Take the village as a unit, kill chickens, pigs, ducks, dogs and all kinds of demons tied with straw, beat gongs and drums, and be driven away by "servants" chanting spells. In some Zhuang villages, there will be grand sports activities, such as fireworks, basketball and horse racing. On this day, Zhuang women dyed five-color glutinous rice and compared the dyed colors to see who was the brightest. After the next day, I will go back to my parents' home with dyed five-color rice, which means the same as the Spring Festival. The sixth day of the sixth lunar month is an important festival of the Han nationality in a year, and it is also popular among Tujia, Miao, Buyi and other ethnic minorities. This means that although June 6th is an important traditional festival of Tujia people, it is not unique to this nation. It not only has the historical image of Han festivals, but also has the characteristics of its own nation.

Most Tujia people call June 6th "Sun Dragon Robe", which is basically the same as that of Han people, but the festival legend is completely different. There are many legends about the origin of June 6, among which the most widely circulated is that this day was the day when Qin Nan, the toast of Maogang, Hunan Province, had an accident. According to legend, Qin Gui was killed on this day to resist the national oppression of the feudal dynasty. On the execution ground, Qin Dong glared at him. When the executioner peeled the skin, nine golden dragons suddenly flew out of him, and suddenly it was dark and the sun and the moon were dark. Zhu Yuanzhang fainted from the golden dragon chair, got up quickly and prayed to heaven. At the same time, he ordered the man to be dried and tied into a statue of Qin Gui so that he could sit on the throne for seven days every year. Tujia people snatched Qin Dong's bloody shirt back, washed it and dried it, and set up a temple for sacrifice, which is called "drying the dragon robe". According to folklore, June 6th is an important memorial festival for Tujia people.

Tujia people's festivals on June 6th are rich in customs, some related to the sky, some related to the land, some related to the gods, some related to ancestors, and some related to the year. The customs related to heaven mainly include "worshipping the sun god". Some Tujia people in Xiangxi think that June 6th is the birthday of the sun, so they should worship the sun god and pray for him to give sunshine, warm everything and ensure a bumper harvest. The custom related to land is "tasting the new valley". June 6th, if it falls on Mao Day, is also called New Year's Day. Some Tujia people make new grain, cook new rice and use eel as a dish to show their surplus. In some places, people cook wine and kill animals to worship God, give thanks and pray for a bumper harvest. The custom related to gods is "burning black gods". Tujia people in Lichuan, Longshan and other places believe that the black god can drive away evil spirits and filth. On June 6th every year, they will light incense sticks and carry the black god in red for a parade, which is called "burning the black god". The customs related to ancestors are "drying dragon robes", "offering sacrifices to the king of the earth" and "offering sacrifices to the king". Most Tujia people sunbathe their clothes, quilts and shoes on June 6th every year, which is called "June 6th, basking in dragon robes". Tujia people in Shui Gu, Xiangxi, kill pigs, make rice cakes and tofu on June 6th every year, invite relatives and friends to celebrate festivals and hold activities of waving hands to worship their ancestors. Tujia people in Qingjiang River valley in western Hubei call June 6th a festival in all hail the king. They lit incense sticks, set off firecrackers and offered sacrifices to King Lin Jun, begging him to protect people from sailing safely on the water. The custom associated with the New Year is to spend a small year. Tujia nationality with Yan surname in Xiangxi celebrates the New Year on June 6th every year. Although the custom of this festival is very complicated, it still focuses on drying robes in memory of the local king Qin Dong and various sacrificial customs extended from it.

Tujia people's holiday custom on June 6th is so colorful, on the one hand, it reflects that it varies from place to place and has obvious regional characteristics, on the other hand, it reflects that it is the crystallization of national cultural exchange and integration and has strong national characteristics. June 6th of Tujia nationality contains rich cultural connotation, which stores the historical information of cultural exchange and integration between Tujia nationality and other nationalities. Tujia people bask in dragon robes on June 6, which is the same as Han people bask in dragon robes. Although the festival legends are different, the festival customs are basically the same. In fact, sunbathing dragon robes on June 6th is a long-standing traditional festival of Han nationality, which is still popular in many areas. There is a folklore in Yangzhou about "drying dragon robes": Emperor Qianlong was caught in a heavy rain on his way to Yangzhou, and his coat was wet, so it was difficult to replace it with other people's clothes. He had to wait until the rain stopped and dry his wet clothes before wearing them. This day happens to be June 6, so it is called "drying the dragon robe". Of course, the custom of drying dragon robes was not formed in the Qing Dynasty, but it was formed very early. On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the Han people call it "washing and drying festival". Because the weather is very sultry at this time, coupled with the rainy season and humid climate, everything is easy to be moldy and damaged, so there are many customs of bathing and drying things from the palace to the people, from the town to the farmhouse. It can be seen that the custom of drying dragon robes on June 6th was formed by Tujia nationality influenced by the customs of Han nationality and combined with the legends of this nationality, and it is not unique to this nationality. The custom of tasting the new valley is not an inherent custom of Tujia people, but a traditional custom of Miao people in western Hunan and western Hubei. As for the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors, black gods and sun gods, it is only the concentrated expression of Tujia sacrificial customs in this particular festival, thus enhancing the festival and its sacrificial nature. Therefore, June 6th is not only an important memorial festival for Tujia people, but also an important sacrifice festival.

(Wang Ping Enshi Evening News)