What are the morphological characteristics and conservation methods of narcissus?

1. Morphological characteristics are autumn bulbs of Amaryllidaceae. There are big bulbs with skins under the ground, which are covered with thin kraft paper. The light bulb is updated once a year. Leaves are drawn in strips from the top of bulbs, and each bulb is drawn with 6 ~ 12 leaves. Pedicels protrude from the leaves, and each pedicel has 4 ~ 6 flowers, which can reach 10. Corolla saucer-shaped, petals ovate, apex slightly pointed, white to yellowish; The flower heart has a 1 ring, which is bright yellow, hence the name "Golden Lamp and Silver Platform". Capsule is produced after flowering, but the chromosome in the nucleus is haploid, so it is highly sterile and cannot bear fruit. Flowering1~ February.

2. Varieties and varieties The above is about Chinese narcissus, which is a variety of narcissus tazetta L. There are three strains, namely Fujian Zhangzhou Narcissus, Shanghai Chongming Narcissus and Zhejiang Zhoushan Narcissus, among which Fujian Zhangzhou Narcissus has the highest ornamental value and is well-known at home and abroad. Zhangzhou narcissus is rich in Jiuhu District, Longhai County, Zhangzhou. It is transported to all parts of the country in late autumn and early winter every year and exported in large quantities. You don't need to plant domestic flowers. After buying narcissus heads and keeping them in water, they can bloom between New Year's Day and Spring Festival.

The same flowers are trumpet narcissus, cyclamen narcissus, star narcissus, clove narcissus, three-pistil narcissus and so on, which are common in professional gardens.

3. Habits are native to Central Europe, West Asia and North Africa. It is a bulbous flower planted in autumn. From July to August, the leaves go into dormancy, the bulbs differentiate in dormancy, grow in autumn and winter, and bloom in early spring. Warm and humid climate conditions are required in winter to avoid high temperature in summer; I like sunshine, and I can tolerate semi-shade. When producing narcissus heads, there must be sufficient fertility and deep and moist soil for bulb growth and development.

4. Water saving technology

(1) How to choose narcissus heads Every year 10 in late June, Zhangzhou narcissus is listed one after another. Due to the different bulb sizes, the prices are expensive and cheap. First-class bulbs, each with a diameter of more than 8 cm, can draw 5 ~ 6 flowers; The diameter of the second grade product is 6 ~ 7 cm, and it can produce 3 ~ 4 buds; The diameter of the third-class product is about 5 cm, which can produce two scapes; The diameter of the fourth grade product is about 4 cm, and generally only 1 bud can be produced.

Among narcissus heads of the same specification, bulbs with oblate spheres, wide and vertical stripes on the surface, tight inner cortex, full and slightly exposed terminal buds and wide and thick basal stems should be selected. There should be a pair of symmetrical foot buds on both sides of the sphere, thus forming a mountain shape like a pen container; Too many foot buds will lead to poor flowering.

(2) Treatment before hydroponics: After buying narcissus heads, put them on the indoor south windowsill for 2 days to make the epidermis dry and loose, then peel off the brown epidermis, cut off the dry old roots, remove the mud under the stem plate and soak them in water. In order to prevent the bulb from floating, press the glass to make it fully absorb water. After 2 ~ 3 days, put the bulbs in a shallow basin and cover them with absorbent cotton to promote rooting. After the white young roots germinate, cut a knife on both sides of the narrow face of the terminal bud, and the depth should not exceed 1/3 of the bulb height, and then squeeze the incision by hand to make it slightly split. Otherwise, the buds in the bulb are not easy to pop up, and often only have leaves and do not bloom.

(3) Maintenance method: The container for potted daffodils should use a special small white boat-shaped porcelain basin named "Daffodil Shallow"; Each pot can be planted with one big ball with foot buds or two middle balls without foot buds. In order to prevent the root of the ball from tilting, you can put a layer of pebbles in the pot to support the ball. When the root is inserted into the pebbles, it will be quite stable.

Bulbs should always maintain a fixed water level after planting. Before the arrival of the severe winter, they should be placed on the outdoor south windowsill, so that they can fully see the light during the day and prevent the leaves from being too weak to lodging. In the afternoon, they will move back indoors and change the water every 1 ~ 2 days. In the future, the weather will get colder and colder, so we should put it on the indoor south window sill, open the window for ventilation, prevent the leaves from growing too long, and hide the flowers inside. If it is found that the branches and leaves are too high, the maintenance method of alternating flood and drought should be adopted. Pour out the water at night and inject fresh water in the morning. At room temperature 15 ~ 20℃, it takes about 30 ~ 35 days from the beginning of hydroponics to the appearance of flower buds.

Do not add chemical fertilizer or other nutrient solution to the pot during hydroponics, because flowering depends on the nutrients stored in the bulbs rather than absorbed by the roots. After flowering, the room temperature should be kept low to avoid sunlight, which can greatly prolong the flower viewing time.

(4) Time of hydroponics If daffodils are to bloom on New Year's Day, hydroponics should be conducted before1October 1 15; In order to make them bloom in the Spring Festival, South China can be watered 365 and 438+05 days in advance, Central China and East China can be watered 40 days in advance, and the north has indoor heating equipment in winter, with high temperature. The Spring Festival can blossom 35 days in advance.

Temperature is the key factor affecting flowering time. If it is estimated that the scheduled flowering time can't bloom, switch to warm water at 20℃, turn on the light at night, and increase the illumination time to 16 hours. If you expect early flowering, you can switch to cold water and lower the water temperature.

5. Narcissus carving technology According to the method mentioned above, the leaves and scape of narcissus grow vertically, which is neither dynamic nor interesting and valuable. If the daffodil bulbs are carved before hydroponics and the extension direction of leaves and scape is changed, many artistic treasures of different styles can be created.

Crab claw narcissus is the basis of learning to make narcissus bonsai. Once you master its carving technology, other modeling methods will be solved and you can further innovate.

(1) The cultivation materials should be secondary bulbs with plump appearance, solid interior, wide concave stems, black epidermis and a pair of symmetrical foot buds on both sides.

(2) When cleaning the bulb, dry the bulb for 4-5 days. After the skin is dry, peel off the dead roots, mud and skin, and don't touch the foot buds on both sides.

Figure 2-27 Schematic diagram of ball cutting method

1. Cut bulbs; 2. Take off the scales and expose the buds. (3) narcissus knife specially made for tools. You can also use a pencil sharpener and a chopper instead.

(4) Cut the ball, hold the narcissus head with your left hand, so that the foot buds face the left and right sides, and the narrow face of the terminal buds is aimed at your own sight. Take the knife with your right hand. First, cut everything from the stem plate up to about 1 ~ 1.5 cm (about 1/3 bulb height) to the bulb body in front of you. The depth should be less than half the diameter of the bulb. Cut to about 0.2 cm from the central main bud, and stop cutting. Don't cut off the bud in the bulb. Then cut a knife vertically downward from the top of the sphere above the above-mentioned transverse incision, and the cutting position should be 0.3 cm away from the terminal bud until the knife cuts to the lower transverse section (Figure 2-27), and then take out the cut tuber meat. At this point, the bud contained between scales has been exposed, but it is still wrapped by the outer skin of the bud; In order to expose the leaf margin and flower bud in the epidermis, the epidermis should be cut gently with the tip of a knife to expose the original body of the leaf and scape.

(5) After removing the meat and cutting the ball, the central main bud and the original body of the bud are obviously exposed, and the lateral buds are quite thin and tightly sandwiched between scales. The scales between the main buds and the lateral buds should be gently picked up with the tip of the knife to make a gap between them, so as to prepare for carving the lateral buds.

Figure 2-28 Sketch of Carving Narcissus Leaves (6) A large amount of mucus will flow out after the pre-cultured bulbs are cut. At this time, put the incision down into clean water 1 ~ 2 days, and then wash off the residual mucus; Mucus contains lacodine, which is very toxic. Please do not enter. Then plant it upright in a shallow water basin, cover the incision with absorbent cotton, and put it in the sun for 5 ~ 6 days, and the exposed leaf buds and flower buds begin to sprout. At this time, the cotton wool should be taken out and separated from the scales.

(7) After the bulb is pre-cultured, the leaf edge is exposed, and a lock is cut from top to bottom with a knife, accounting for about 1/5 of the leaf width (Figure 2-28).

Figure 2-29 Schematic Diagram of Narcissus Puncture

1. Primitive body of flower bud;

2. The scape and the original body of the prickly part (8) are exposed in the bulb after pre-culture of the prickly bulb. At this time, you should stab the original body of the flower stem vertically with the tip of the knife, and don't touch the bud. You can also use acupuncture to break the scape and artificially create some wounds (Figure 2-29).

(9) After the hydroponic carved leaves are tied, the bulb section faces upwards, so that the bulb lies on its back in the hydroponic basin. The incision should be covered with paper to prevent dust and shallow water. Try not to immerse the incision in water to prevent it from rotting and discoloring. At this time, some fibrous roots on the stem plate may not see water, so they should be covered with absorbent cotton.

In the process of growth, the wounds caused by carved leaves and thorns will gradually produce calluses and heal, which will inevitably affect the growth speed of the carved surface, while the uncut leaf edge and scape on the other side will grow normally, so the growth speed on both sides will gradually lose balance, and the leaves and scape will bend and stretch towards the carved surface, forcing the whole cluster to twist and coil together, thus growing into a low and compact plant.

(10) The leaves after clothes carving are often distorted and too compact. At this time, the leaves that grow upright due to missing carving should be carved into the shape pattern of crab claw narcissus as shown in Figure 2-30 to promote their twisted growth; Then, according to the needs of modeling, cardboard with different sizes is embedded between the leaves to separate the crowded leaves, so as to achieve the purpose of modeling in a patchwork, dense and orderly manner.

After carving, the bulb lost about half of the scale meat, and the nutrient supply was inevitably insufficient, so the growth was slow and the flowering was delayed. In order to make them bloom on time, the bract membrane outside the bud can be peeled off with tweezers. This job is called "undressing".

Crab claw narcissus is the essence of plastic arts. After flowering, it looks like a dancing Ling Boxian sitting on a lying crab. Lying crabs are like armored generals, claws come and go, stretching and bending motionless, silently, like walking; The blossoming "meeting platform" (the daffodil crown is milky white and the auxiliary crown on it is yellow) is elegant and light, which is really interesting and far-reaching (Figure 2-30).