Write a research report on air quality in Laizhou.

At the beginning of this month, many places were foggy for several days. Although the meteorological departments in some cities explained that it was fog rather than haze, they still could not dispel the public's concerns about air pollution. In the past, air quality forecasts that generally showed "excellent", "good" or "light pollution" obviously could not meet people's needs, and everyone wanted to know more.

China's "Environmental Air Quality Standard" has just ended, and all sectors of society generally agree to include PM2.5 in the air quality evaluation standard. The Ministry of Environmental Protection also indicated that it would encourage qualified areas to implement it in advance (20 16 1 before). 165438+1In late October, our province decided to comprehensively monitor PM2.5 from next year, and also put forward a descriptive index of atmospheric environmental quality-"blue sky and white clouds, twinkling stars", taking visibility as an important technical reference index, and reporting the air quality status of cities every month from next year (see the third edition of the daily,1655)

Why do you want to propose descriptive indicators?

PM2.5 is a particle with a diameter of ≤2.5 microns, but its other name-"particles that can enter the lungs" may be easier for everyone to understand. A few days ago, the reporter randomly asked several passers-by questions about PM2.5, and everyone's understanding was roughly the same: "It is very small and can enter the alveoli with breathing, so it is particularly bad for health." "According to experts, PM2.5 is the main' culprit' of smog weather in cities." "It seems that there are many toxic substances. I heard that wearing a mask doesn't work." The reporter brought their anxiety to Jaco, director of the Provincial Environmental Protection Department.

"I think it is a good thing that PM2.5 has attracted so much public attention." Jaco said that this shows that the public's environmental demand is constantly improving, and their attention and supervision on the environment are also increasing. As a functional department, the environmental protection department has the responsibility to explain clearly to the public, which is "both pressure, motivation and help" for environmental protection work.

Jaco told reporters that the descriptive index of atmospheric environmental quality "blue sky and white clouds, twinkling stars" was determined after nearly a year of research.

"Since everyone can feel the environmental quality and it is closely related to everyone's health and quality of life, it is necessary for everyone to understand it." Jaco said that there are many technical indicators for monitoring atmospheric environmental quality, such as PM2.5 and PM 10, as well as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These indicators are "professional" and it is difficult for non-professionals to understand. Descriptive indicators are "translated" into words that ordinary people can understand and understand. "Blue sky, white clouds, twinkling stars", this "can't be fake", if there are more and more such days, it shows that the effect of atmospheric governance is obvious, on the contrary, it shows that atmospheric governance is illegal. "95 million people in Shandong are environmental supervisors."

The reporter learned that putting forward such descriptive indicators is based on many years of experience in river basin water environment management in our province. In 2009, 59 provincial key polluted rivers were written into the government work report. Every month, it will be announced in the media which cities and road sections are not up to standard, and how many pollutants exceed the standard. From next year, our province will comprehensively carry out PM2.5 monitoring in the city of 17, and gradually announce it when conditions are met.

The person in charge of the relevant business department of the environmental protection department told the reporter that the specific monitoring plan is being drawn up. There are 144 air monitoring points in our province, of which 74 are controlled by China. In order to realize grid monitoring, 70 points have been added in our province. These points will be equipped with PM2.5 professional monitoring equipment next year, and the monitoring technical conditions are "very mature".

Blue star corresponding visibility

As a technical reference index corresponding to "blue sky, white clouds and twinkling stars", the Provincial Environmental Protection Department decided to introduce "visibility" as a meteorological index. Jaco explained that all environmental indicators can't directly correspond to the stars in the blue sky. Later, after research, it was found that visibility is a better indicator. Taking Jinan as an example, when the visibility is greater than 10 km and there are no special meteorological factors (such as cloudy weather), "blue sky, white clouds and twinkling stars" will be observed.

It is reported that when the monitoring conditions are met, our province will announce the annual change degree of visibility and the number of days of "blue sky, white clouds and twinkling stars" (visibility is greater than 10 km).

It is preliminarily determined that the visibility is mainly affected by several factors such as PM2.5, PM 10, humidity and temperature. Among them, the higher the concentration of PM2.5 and PM 10, the lower the visibility; Humidity and temperature are mainly affected by natural phenomena. When the humidity is high, it is easy to be foggy and the visibility is low. For example, a few days before June 5438+February, Jinan was foggy and the outdoor humidity reached more than 75%. Coupled with the still wind environment, this kind of weather is very conducive to the accumulation of pollutants and aggravate pollution. Now, the provincial environmental protection department is organizing efforts to study the relationship between these factors and visibility, as well as the interaction between these factors.

Jaco said, "I still remember lying in the yard and counting stars on a summer night when I was a child. Such a beautiful scene should not be just memories. "

From an international point of view, environmental governance also starts from river basin governance and then turns to atmospheric governance to a certain extent. But the treatment of qi and water is different. Comparatively speaking, treating qi is more difficult. Jaco said that from the international experience, the most fundamental and fundamental way to control the atmosphere is to adjust the energy structure. At present, the proportion of coal in primary energy in Shandong is close to 80%, and the coal consumption is still increasing, while that in developed countries is less than 30%. If this energy structure is not changed, it is difficult to fundamentally improve air quality. In this sense, paying attention to PM2.5 only touches the surface of air pollution, and more attention should be paid to how to adjust such energy structure. Unreasonable energy structure reflects the difficult adjustment of industrial structure.

According to reports, a series of local emission standards for atmospheric control are being studied and formulated.