Chengdu human geography

Chengdu, referred to as Rong for short, also known as "Jincheng" and "Jinguan City", has been known as "the land of abundance" since ancient times. Located in the middle of Sichuan Province, it is an important central city in the central and western regions. Chengdu is also the science and technology center, commercial center, financial center and transportation and communication hub in the southwest of China. It is the first city in China to establish a socialist market economic system, a city that is open to the outside world in finance and a sub-provincial city in administration. In 2003, China Urban Development Report ranked ninth in Chengdu's comprehensive strength. It has successively won the titles of "National Garden City", "Best Tourism City in China" and "National Forest City". And was named "the best commercial city in China" by Fortune (Chinese Edition) magazine. [Edit this paragraph] Latitude and longitude of city profile

The city center is located at 30.67 degrees north latitude and 0/04.06 degrees east longitude. Xintianfu Square under the jurisdiction of Kong Ling

Chengdu * * * governs 9 districts, 6 counties and 4 cities, and is a national high-tech industrial development zone [1].

Main leader

Party Secretary Li, Mayor Ge Honglin.

Urban area

& lt/B& gt； 12390 square kilometers (the eighth place in China's municipalities and sub-provincial cities). The built-up area of the central city covers an area of 598 square kilometers. The municipal district covers an area of 14 18 square kilometers.

altitude

The average altitude is 500 meters. The highest altitude in the city is the University Peak, with an altitude of 5364 meters.

Human population

At the end of 2008, the registered population of the city was11250,000, an increase of127,000 over the end of last year. Permanent population12.706 million, an increase of1270,000. The urban population is 4.9710.5 million, with a natural growth rate of 2. 1%.

nation

Among the 56 ethnic groups in China, Chengdu has 54 ethnic groups. The most populous nation is the Han nationality. The total population of ethnic minorities is 60538. Two thirds of the people live in urban areas.

time

& lt/B& gt； Beijing time (China standard time, UTC+8). The time zone in Chengdu is UTC+7.

city flower

Furong Chengdu Hua furong

city emblem

Sunbird, the gold foil pattern of Sunbird unearthed from Jinsha site represents the Sunbird in Chengdu, Chengdu.

City tree

gingkgo

Ginkgo tree in Chengdu

Chengdu belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with mild climate, four distinct seasons, long frost-free period, abundant rainfall and little sunshine. The annual average temperature for many years is 16.2℃, the annual maximum temperature is 37.3℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature is -5.9℃, the hottest month appears in July-August, the monthly average temperature is 25.4 and 25.0℃, and the most Leng Yue appears in 65,438+10, with the monthly average temperature of 5.6℃. The annual total precipitation is 9 18.2mm, and the rainfall is mainly concentrated in July and August, with monthly rainfall of 225 and 229 mm respectively. The months with the least rainfall are 12 and 1, and the monthly rainfall is about 6 mm respectively. The rainstorm period generally occurs from May to September, and the perennial rainstorm occurs at the end of June, early July and late August respectively. Second, the main climatic characteristics of each season

Spring: The temperature rises earlier, which is beneficial to the growth of trees and spring crops. However, the sudden rise and fall is unstable, and it is prone to persistent low temperature or "late spring cold", which affects the timely sowing of crops in Da Chun or causes rotten seeds and seedlings.

Early summer: the temperature is moderate and the daily temperature difference is large.

Midsummer: Summer is hot and rainy, with strong sunlight.

Autumn: there is a short period of cool and rainy weather in autumn, and a long period of crisp weather in autumn.

Winter: There is no severe cold in winter, which is beneficial to the growth of Koharu and animal husbandry. The continuous foggy weather has a great influence on transportation and shipping, and the dryness in winter is more obvious. [Edit this paragraph] The historical evolution and origin of city names

Before liberation, Chengdu had a long history and was known as "Land of Abundance", "Jiangnan in the middle of Shu" and "Suzhou and Hangzhou in the middle of Shu". According to historical records, in the middle of the 5th century BC, the ancient Shu Kingdom moved its capital from Guangdufan Township (now Shuangliu County) to Chengdu and built a city. As for the origin of a famous Chengdu, according to Taiping Ji, it is borrowed from the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and named Chengdu after Zhou's "one year to live, two years to become, three years to become". During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Meng Changjun, the Emperor of the Later Shu Dynasty, favored hibiscus flowers and ordered the people to plant hibiscus trees on the city walls. When the flowers bloom, Chengdu is called "the city of hibiscus", so Chengdu is also called "the city of hibiscus" for short. The Jinsha Site, unearthed in 200 1, advanced the history of Chengdu from 3 1 1 BC to 6 1 BC, surpassing Suzhou and becoming the longest site-unchanged city in China. The development of history

Chengdu is the earliest developed area in southwest China and one of the first (24) historical and cultural cities in China. Since there is an exact record. Chengdu has a history of more than 2300 years. The Jinsha site unearthed in 2 1 century advanced the organizational history of Chengdu (about 1200 ~ 650 BC). It has exceeded the time for Suzhou to build a city. As early as the 4th century BC, the enlightened dynasty of Shu moved its capital to Chengdu, and adopted Zhou Wang's initiative of "Chengdu in two years, Chengdu in three years", which has been used ever since. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu developed economically and culturally. In 3 16 BC, the state of Qin annexed Bashu. In 3 1 1 BC, Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo, who were guarding Chengdu at that time, set out to build the wall of Chengdu. It is said that when Zhang Yi built the city, it was repeatedly built and collapsed. Later, "there was a chinemys reevesii floating on the river". According to the guide, Zhang Yi built a city along the route of turtle crawling, and it was really successful, so Chengdu was also called turtle city. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established 13 State History Department in China and Yizhou History Department in Chengdu, which was in charge of Ba, Shu, Guanghan and Qianwei. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and was called "Tianfu". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and decided to settle down in Chengdu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ada moved to Chengdu as a "Yizhou Pastoral" and took Chengdu as a state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng". Other handicrafts such as silk nest, silk weaving, salt boiling, iron smelting, weapons, gold and silver wares, lacquerware and so on are also very developed. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu's commerce was developed, and during the Qin Dynasty, Chengdu became a national metropolis. In the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu had a population of 76,000 and nearly 400,000, making it one of the six largest cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Handan, Lintao, Wan and Chengdu). "Shaocheng" is the most developed commercial city in Chengdu, where goods are piled up like mountains and shops and booths are lined up. In addition, the literature and art of Chengdu in Han Dynasty reached a high level. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Wang Bao were the most famous writers in China at that time. The Han Dynasty brick and stone reliefs unearthed in Chengdu are beautifully painted and have a wide range of contents.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengdu was economically developed, culturally prosperous and Buddhism prevailed. Chengdu has become the third of the four famous cities in China (Chang 'an, Yangzhou, Chengdu and Dunhuang), with developed agriculture, silk industry, handicrafts and commerce, rapid development of papermaking and printing, and its economic status is called "Yang Yi Yi Er" (that is, Yangzhou is the first and Chengdu is the second). "Shu Embroidery" is one of the three famous embroideries in China, and "Shu Brocade" is regarded as a tribute treasure, and its output ranks first in China. Chengdu is one of the birthplaces of woodcut printing in China. In the late Tang Dynasty, most printed materials came from Chengdu. In addition to the important vegetable market and sericulture market in China, there is also a "grass market" in Chengdu, which is a township market distributed in neighboring areas. In the Tang Dynasty, writers gathered in Chengdu, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu, Gao Shi, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Tao Yong and Kang Shu all lived in Chengdu for a short time. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu developed tourist attractions such as Kaimohe Pool and Baihuatan. During the Zhenguan period, Jianyuan Temple was built in the north of the city. During the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhaojue Temple, which was called "the first jungle in western Sichuan".

In the Song Dynasty, Chengdu was prosperous and its economy and culture were more developed. The silk industry has expanded in scale and variety. The varieties of Shu brocade have developed from 10 in the Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in the Song Dynasty, which can weave new patterns such as Tianma, flying fish, peacock with flowers and Ruyi peony. The silk goods delivered by Chengdu every year account for more than 70% of the total delivered by all parts of the country. The level of papermaking in Chengdu is very high. The Tang Dynasty imperial court once stipulated that the books of the National Library must be copied with hemp paper made in Chengdu. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets and flower markets in Chengdu. Due to the development of commerce, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi".

After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chengdu was the political, economic, military and cultural center of Sichuan and even the whole southwest region. Ming set up the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sichuan, with its headquarters in Chengdu. In A.D. 1654, Qing Shunzhi changed Sichuan Political Department to Sichuan Province, and the name of Sichuan Province officially appeared in history. After the Revolution of 1911 19 14, the Beijing government issued a circular to cancel the Chengdu administrative office and rename it Xichuan Road, resulting in 3 1 counties such as Chengdu and Huayang. 192 1 year, Chengdu and Huayang merged into one city, and the city preparatory office was established, with general offices and documents. 1922, the Municipal Preparatory Office was renamed as the Municipal Organizing Office. 1928, the municipal government was set as the municipal government, and the National Government set Chengdu as the capital city and the capital of Sichuan Province. 1949 65438+February 27th, Chengdu was liberated, which is the seat of the administrative office of western Sichuan. 1952, cancel the administrative office and restore the organizational system in Sichuan province. Chengdu has always been the capital of Sichuan Province. 1February, 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed as a national plan, enjoying provincial economic management authority, and became one of the cities listed in the national 14 plan. Go down in history

The first in the world: Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which started around 250 BC and lasted for more than 2,000 years, has been profitable so far; In 6 1 year BC, Lin Qiong mined natural gas from deep wells for salt making, cooking and lighting. Chengdu's Shu brocade, also known as "splendid satin", is the earliest brocade product invented in the world. The pedal brocade machine in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220) was the most advanced loom in the world at that time. By the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), Chengdu had become the center of lacquer craft in the world and the birthplace of tea culture. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu was the first city in the world to invent and use block printing. Bian Shi Dalani Sutra, Nishikawa Diamond Sutra and Chengdu Fanshang Calendar are the earliest printed materials in the world. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 126), the merchants here jointly issued the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi".

China No.1: Around 250 BC, Li Bing's stonemason measured the Dujiangyan water gauge, which is the earliest water gauge in China; In 65438 BC+0465438 BC+0 BC, Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, established the earliest local official school "Wen Weng Poetry History" in China. Sima Xiangru, Mei Cheng, Jia Yi, Yang Xiong and Wang Bo laid the foundation for Han Fu in the Western Han Dynasty. Meng Chang (943-965), a great master of the post-Shu Dynasty, wrote China's first Spring Festival couplets, "Good weather and good holidays in Qing Yu"; Before 355 A.D., Changqu compiled the earliest existing local chronicles of Huayang Country. Zhao Chongzuo, a post-Shu person, edited Huajian Collection, the first collection of words in the history of China literature. Around A.D. 1082, Tang Shenwei, a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the earliest existing pharmacopoeia "First Aid Materia Medica with Historical Evidence" in China. /kloc-In the 20th century, Chengdu painter Huang Quan started the China meticulous flower-and-bird painting school, and Meng Chang, a master of the later Shu Dynasty, founded the Hanlin Painting Academy, which became the earliest royal painting academy in China. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that as early as the Han Dynasty, there were many excellent operas in Chengdu, and the Han Dynasty rap figurines unearthed in Chengdu were lively and unparalleled among similar cultural relics in China. This is a precious gift from Chengdu to the world and the essence of Chengdu culture. [Edit this paragraph] Geographical environment orientation

Chengdu City Map Chengdu is located in the middle of Chengdu Plain. Between east longitude 102 degrees 54 minutes, north latitude 104 degrees 53 minutes, and north latitude 3 1 degree 26 minutes. It borders Deyang in the northeast, Ziyang in the southeast, Ya 'an in the southwest, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in the northwest and Meishan in the south. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west 192km, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south 166km. The total area of the jurisdiction is 12390km2, and the urban area is 598km2. It has jurisdiction over 9 districts and 6 counties including chenghua district, Wuhou District, Qingyang District, Jinjiang District, jinniu district, Longquanyi District, qingbaijiang district, Xindu District, Wenjiang District, Shuangliu County, Pixian County, Dayi County, Jintang County, Pujiang County and Xinjin County, and has jurisdiction over 4 cities including Dujiangyan City, Pengzhou City, chongzhou city City and Qionglai City, as well as a country. geography

Chengdu is located in the middle reaches of Minjiang River in the west of Sichuan Basin, with an altitude of 387-5364 meters, with Longquan Mountain in the east and Qionglai Mountain in the west. In the west, Longmen Mountain runs through the north and south. Plain area accounts for 36.4%, hilly area accounts for 30.4%, and mountainous area accounts for 33.2%. The plain area is high in northwest and low in southeast, with an average slope of 0.3%. It has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, no intense heat in summer and no severe cold in winter, and the annual average temperature is 16.7℃. The annual average sunshine hours 107 1 hour, and the annual average rainfall of 945.6 mm Chengdu is located in the east of Chengdu Plain, with an average elevation of about 500 meters. Chengdu Plain is the largest plain in southwest China. Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, located on the main stream of Minjiang River, has a fan-shaped irrigation canal network distributed on the vast Chengdu Plain, making Chengdu Plain a "land of plenty" where "floods and droughts follow people and hunger is not enough".