What are the geographical features of Macao?

As a part of China, the Macao Special Administrative Region is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, on the west bank of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangdong Province, 60 kilometers away from Hong Kong and 0/45 kilometers away from Guangzhou/KLOC. Local time is 8 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time.

zone

Due to land reclamation along the coast, the total area of Macao is constantly expanding. It has gradually expanded from 10.28 square kilometers in the 9th century to 28.6 square kilometers today, accounting for about one fortieth of Hong Kong and one third of Singapore. Does Macao include the Macao Peninsula? Two outlying islands, Cai and Green Ring. The peninsula is connected with Chinese mainland in the north, and connected with Caribbean Bridge, Friendship Bridge and Xiwan Bridge in the south. Subjoin; As for it? Caihe Sixth Ring Road is 2.2 kilometers long and has 6 lanes. Continuous roads are connected.

Human population

In the first quarter of 2007, the estimated permanent population of Macao was 5,365,438+0,400. The population density is per square kilometer 1858 1 person. The northern part of Macao Peninsula is one of the most densely populated urban areas in the world.

According to the preliminary results of the 2006 by-census, in August 2009, 65,438+0.2% of Macao residents were women. In terms of age, 15.2% is 15 years old and below, 77.7% is 15 years old to 64 years old, and 7% is 65 years old and above. The average life expectancy of both men and women is over 79 years.

According to the by-census in 2006, among the 502,000 residents, 93.8% are China residents, 65,438+0.7% are Portuguese and 2% are Filipinos. The official languages of Macao are Chinese and Portuguese. More than 95% of Macao residents use Chinese as their daily language, while only 0.6% use Portuguese. The rest use English, Filipino and other languages.

According to the by-census in 2006, more than 78% of the population have lived in Macao for more than ten years. As for the place of birth, 42.5% of the residents were born in Macau, 47. 1% in Chinese mainland and 65,438+00.4% in other places.

climate

Macao's climate is hot and humid, with a large temperature difference throughout the year. The temperature can be as high as 30 degrees Celsius from June to September and as low as10-4 degrees Celsius in February, but the average temperature is rarely lower than 14 degrees Celsius. During the annual typhoon season, Macao may be affected by tropical systems from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Location, scope, zoning and area

Macau is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, west of the Pearl River Estuary. Its latitude and longitude position is: east longitude113 32' 47 ",north latitude 2211'51.5" (depending on the Yangshan Mountain in the east of the peninsula). Macao faces Hong Kong across the sea to the east, forming a trumpet that grips the throat of the Pearl River Estuary. The west is separated from Wanchai, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province by a river, and the Haojiang waterway between them is only 1000 meters wide. After crossing the inner and outer cross gates in the south, there is the vast South China Sea. The north is connected with Gongbei of Zhuhai by an ancient sand dike, and the land boundary is only 240 meters long.

Macao is only 6 1 km from Hong Kong in the east and 105 km from Guangzhou in the north, which is a straight line distance. The three places are separated by the outer edge of the Pearl River Estuary (see figure 1. 1). The Pearl River is the fourth largest river in China, and the Xijiang River is its longest trunk. From Macao, you can reach Zhaoqing and Wuzhou along the Xijiang River, and there are rich products along the way. The Pearl River Delta, with developed transportation and prosperous economy, is not only in South China, but also one of the richest areas in China. Macao, with the Pearl River Delta and the middle and lower reaches of Xijiang River as its hinterland, is adjacent to two major cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and two special economic zones, Zhuhai and Shenzhen. Such a geographical location plays an important role in its economic development.

On a larger scale, Macao's position in East Asia is also medium (see figure 1.2). It is only the relay point of the routes in Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. It is about 2800 kilometers from Tokyo in the northeast, 2600 kilometers from Singapore in the southwest and only 1200 kilometers from Manila in the southeast. Such a moderate geographical position has established Macao's important position in the East-West trade in the 16 and 17 centuries.

Macao area includes Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Green Island (Figure 1.3). The distance between north and south is 1 1.8km, and the distance between east and west is 4.4km The range starts from east longitude113 34' 47 "in the west and east longitude113 35' 20" in the south. The total land area is 17.438+06 square kilometers. The area around the island is the largest, with 7.087 square kilometers; The Macao Peninsula is second, with 6.45 square kilometers; Taipa Island is the smallest, with only 3.779 square kilometers. ①

The Macao Peninsula is shaped like a boot, and it is northeast-southwest trending. The long axis is about 4 kilometers from Guanzha in the northeast to Magezui in the southwest, and the short axis is about 2 kilometers from the northwest to the southeast from the seaside in Shalitou to the Oriental Hotel on Friendship Avenue. The narrow river (Haojiang) on the west side is the inner port, and the east side faces the outer port of the Pearl River Estuary. Peninsula is the political, economic and cultural center of Macao, where most of the industry, commerce and population are concentrated. The Macao Peninsula is further divided into five districts, and each district is named after the main church in the district (in fact, they were originally Catholic parishes). The names and areas of each district (measured according to the scale map of Macao Peninsula 1 10,000 published by Macao Surveying and Mapping Cadastral Department 1986) are as follows:

Huawangtang District (San Antonio District) 1.072 km2

0.655 square kilometers in Wangdetang District

Fengshuntang District (Shenglao Lengzuotang District) is 0.844 square kilometers.

The lobby area is 1.055 square kilometers.

Matang District, Huadi covers an area of 2.424 square kilometers.

Located in the northern part of the peninsula, Huadimatang District has the largest area, including Qingzhou, Taishan, Racecourse, Chopsticks Base, Wang Xia, Heishan Bay and Xingang Reservoir. Wangdetang District is in the middle of the peninsula, with the smallest area, including Holland Garden, Tashi and Songshan Mountain (looking east at Yangshan Mountain). Huawangtang District is located on the west side of the peninsula, including Shagang, Xinqiao and Shali. The famous St. Paul's archway, the Great Fort and the Bird's Nest Garden are all in this area. The lobby area is located in the southeast of the peninsula, including Xingang, Nanwan new reclamation area, the end of the puddle and the long and narrow section between Xinma Road and Caodui Street. Fengshuntang District is located at the southwest end of the peninsula southwest of Xinma Road, including Ding Gang, Xia Huan, Mage, Xiwan and the west section of Nanwan.

Taipa Island is located about 2.5km south-southeast of Macau Peninsula and about 800- 1, 200m west of Xiaoqinheng Island in Zhuhai. The road ring is located about 2 kilometers south of Taipa Island and is connected by a continuous road with a length of about 2,225 meters. To the west of the island is Daqinheng Island in Zhuhai, with the narrowest part less than 300 meters apart. Due to the inconvenient transportation in the past, the two outlying islands of Taipa and Luhuan have not been developed for a long time, with few residents. 1974, the 2,500-meter-long Aodang Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, thus connecting the two outlying islands with the Macao Peninsula. In recent years, the northern part of Taizai has developed rapidly. The University of Macau (formerly the University of East Asia), the highest institution in Macau, is located here. The international airport and the deep-water port have been built in Taipa and the Sixth Ring Road respectively, and the second 3900-meter-long bridge has been built to connect with the international airport, which will certainly further promote the development of the two islands.