The most basic knowledge points of high school geography

1. Earth rotation:

① Direction: from west to east, north to south.

② Period: one sidereal day, 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.

③ Velocity: ① Angular velocity: 15/ hour, the angular velocity of the north and south poles is zero, and the angular velocities of other parts of the surface are equal.

⑵ The linear velocity decreases from the equator to the poles, and the linear velocity of the north and south poles is 0.

(4) Geographical significance: (1) Day and night alternate. (2) When the time difference occurs. (3) The horizontally moving object deflects, north to the right and south to the left.

2. The revolution of the earth:

① Direction: from west to east, counterclockwise.

② Period: a sidereal year, 365 days, 23 hours and 9 minutes 10 second.

③ Speed: perihelion is fast and perihelion is slow.

(4) Geographical significance: (1) Variation of the sun height at noon. ⑵ Changes in the length of day and night. (3) The division of four seasons and the formation of five dynasties.

3. Judgment time:

The earth rotates from west to east, and at the same latitude, relatively speaking, the sunrise is earlier in the east than in the west, so the time is divided into morning and evening. The position in the east is earlier than that in the west. At the same time, the local time is different in places with different longitudes. The time difference between Kyoto and Kyoto is 15, and the time difference is one hour.

4. Time difference calculation: ① For two places in the same eastern time zone or western time zone, subtract the number of time zones, and subtract the east plus the west.

② In the eastern time zone and the western time zone respectively, the number of time zones is added, the eastern time zone is added, and the western time zone is subtracted.

5. The variation law of the sun's height angle and the length of day and night at noon in vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice;

① Equinox: (1) The world is divided equally between day and night; (2) At noon, the height of the sun decreases from the equator to the poles.

② Summer solstice: (1) The northern hemisphere has long days and short nights. The higher the latitude, the longer the day and the shorter the night. Extreme weather first appeared in the Arctic Circle and its north, but it was the opposite in the southern hemisphere.

At noon, the height of the sun decreases from the tropic of cancer to the north and south sides.

(3) Winter solstice: (1) The days in the northern hemisphere are short and the nights are long. The higher the latitude, the shorter the day and the longer the night. The polar night first appeared in the Arctic Circle and its north, but in the southern hemisphere, the situation was just the opposite.

At noon, the height of the sun decreases from the tropic of Capricorn to the north and south sides.

Two. Simple weather system

1. Front

cold front

warm front

Atmospheric system diagram

Rain area position

After the peak

Qian Feng

Atmospheric characteristics

Before crossing the border

The temperature is high, the air pressure is low, and the weather is fine.

The temperature is low, the air pressure is high and the weather is fine.

transit time

Rain and snow weather, accompanied by strong winds.

Persistent precipitation and fog.

After crossing the border

The temperature is low, the air pressure is high, and the weather turns fine.

The temperature is high, the air pressure is low, and the weather turns fine.

Weather example

Spring sandstorm;

Summer rainstorm;

Winter cold wave.

2. Hurricane

Heaven-earth system

Low pressure (cyclone)

High pressure (cyclone)

Schematic diagram (Northern Hemisphere)

Abstract (Northern Hemisphere)

Wind direction: East: southerly wind; West wind: North wind.

More rainy weather;

Convergent counterclockwise.

Wind direction: East: northerly wind; West wind: South wind.

Sunny and dry;

Divergent counterclockwise.

Weather example

Typhoon: caused by strong wind, rainstorm and storm surge.

Summer drought; Cold wave.

3. Distribution and movement of wind zone in pressure zone and its influence on climate.

Four. ocean current

1. Ocean current distribution

2. The influence of ocean current on geographical environment