Zheng Banqiao's evaluation.

Zheng Xie (1693 to 1766), whose real name is Kerou, was born in Banqiao, Xinghua. Kangxi's training of talents, Yongzheng's juren and Qianlong's Jinshi have always been the theme of Qipin County Decree. He is proficient in poetry, ci, music, writing, couplet, printing, calligraphy and painting. He is an important representative of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" and "Three Unique Poems, Calligraphy and Painting"

Childhood, adolescence, youth.

Zheng Xie, a native of Suzhou, moved to Xinghua in the early Ming Dynasty. His great-grandfather Wan is the founder of Changqing Middle School. He is the official founder of Confucianism. Well, Meng Yanglinsheng, Wang's mother and stepmother Hao.

Zheng Xie was born 32 years ago, during the reign of Kangxi (1693) 10 months, and the seasonal snow covered Xinghua folk culture. The word "snow" supports the law that snow comes to the earth at the same time, and his family is very happy. In the article "Book Hongfan", Xie Youke's grandfather and father named him "Xie Youke", with tenderness between the lines. Because of the wooden bridge near home, in this case, because of the number of Zheng Xie (Banqiao area).

Former Residence of Zheng Banqiao

He is a member of the Zheng family and the grandson of Xie Changfang. He was born in a family that was a little scared and afraid of premature death. Later, he excitedly nicknamed "Girl". A few faint pockmarked faces, also known as "Miss Ma, his family,

Zheng Xie was born in poverty, and lived alone on a small amount of rent to support his family. Later, his father managed to get the first-class qualification to live in the forest, and there was a formal reception for barn meals every month. Life has improved and can't last any longer. With Wang's support, my mother died this year, thanks to the care of Fibonacci, the wet nurse. Grandma's maid is hard-working, kind, loving and compassionate. Can Jia afford a maid when Xinghua is flooded and hungry? Is Zheng Xie unwilling to go home to eat or is Zheng Jia three meals without children?

After Wang died, his father married a second wife, thanking his parents for taking care of him. For example, his mother, Zheng Xie, later recalled, "I cried on the railing for no reason, thinking that my stepmother was sad for her family's 10 business and worried that I was hungry and cold." ("Seven Songs")

Father Temple, with excellent grades, was admitted to a private school run by Yu Sheng at home, attended by Zheng Xie's father. Grandfather Wang Xuwen also learned that Sun's foreign countries are very concerned about the life of being an official and often instruct him to read and write. Zheng Xie claimed that "the share of literature is mostly foreign."

Zheng Xie didn't seem to study when he was a child, and all the beautiful classmates looked down on him, but he had a strong self-esteem, worked hard and got excellent grades. What I can't understand is that I am outspoken and even angry. Parents of students warn their children not to be with him, and he particularly emphasizes the combination of "essence" and "knowledge". Classics, history, children, all articles within the set range, focus on repeated reading, and cherish time. The 21st time, in his most admired Historical Records and Biography of Xiang Yu, he described the most wonderful part of the Hongmen Banquet-the Battle of the Julu. His Confucius and Mencius admired him, but he couldn't understand Zhu's reasons. He learned to pay attention to "working hard every day" to deeply understand and master poets such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Lu, especially those who love reading.

All kinds of bamboos around Zheng Xie's house are placed in the shadow of many bamboos in summer, yellow and Zheng Xie. In winter, they often raise their voices to meditate and copy paintings against the lush bamboo shadows.

In addition to nature as a teacher, we also attach importance to tradition. Shi Tao was a pioneer of bamboo flute in Tang Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, and studied under Su Shi Wentang and his master Xu Wei. Later, he went to Maoqiao, Yizheng City to study. Maoqiao surpassed bamboo and provided conditions for him to establish close relationship with bamboo. Since then, he has never gone home without bamboo, and bamboo has become the most important theme in his paintings. His love for bamboo, his arrogant and unyielding strength and his open mind will be a portrayal of Zheng Xie's personality.

In the spring of the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Zheng Xie Xinghua wrote the lyrics "The Earth Shakes". Under the guidance of Lu, for the first time, he learned to be bold and unconstrained, and to be graceful and restrained. Land, poetry and writing are always in the right place, and luxury is transformed into tens of millions in practice, taking the first place as appropriate. Zheng Xie's words, from the perspective of later generations, are both.

During the reign of Kangxi, Zheng Xie married Cui. The man who gave birth was called Niu, who died early and gave birth to two women. In order to support his family, he was forced to take an apprentice in Jiangcun, Yizheng. But fame or not, I don't care, I can't make ends meet, because I want to sell paintings. Yangzhou seized the north-south waterway, and a large number of salt merchants gathered, which provided conditions for its talent, prosperity and literati. So, Zheng Xie went to Yangzhou, where they studied painting and entertained, waiting for an opportunity to enter the body.

Kangxi Xiuqu, Yongzheng Juren, Qianlong Jinshi

Zheng Xie, a scholar whose whereabouts are unknown, then seven songs written in the 60th year of Kangxi (the title of Zheng Xie in the 30th year) or earlier. But at this time, the Zheng family suffered great misfortune. Father is dead, there is no food, no firewood, and people keep collecting debts. Forced to make a living, Zheng Xie inherited his father's footsteps and sat in the museum at home. In order to escape the debt, he fled to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang, and stayed in other Feng 'an temples in Xinghua, where he still lives. Anyone lucky enough to meet the elegant and hospitable Zhimo said that Ma Zhengyue was very grateful and sympathetic to his experience and was besieged by 220 people. Ma Yun said that Gui and Zheng Xie are closely related to people who sell paintings in Yangzhou, Huang Shen and other senior citizens. Ma's family, where they meet regularly, learns piano, chess, calligraphy and painting at the same time, because their hobbies are basically the same, which has laid a solid foundation for the formation of the famous Chinese painting "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou".

Soon, Zheng Xie was lucky enough to meet the painter Cheng, and generously donated 1200 taels of silver, which cleared his poverty, not only provided him with temporary funds, but also realized his long-cherished wish to travel around the world. Yongzheng two to three years (1724- 1725), Zheng Xie traveled in Jiangxi and Beijing. Hua Shou was worried about living again, so he had to go back to Yongzheng for six years to study the historical Heart Sutra, thinking that after entering the human body, he would also study the paintings on the steps of this book.

On 30th, Zheng Xie, Yongzheng, in 2009, Xu's wife died, which was the Spring Festival. After the next year's rural examination, I couldn't make ends meet, let alone embark on a journey of judging money! It is said that Wang has arrived at the county magistrate and is a good official. Zheng Xie wrote a poem for him. King Zheng Xie is really a heavy encouragement. His test has finally come true and will be held at 1732. But without the gift of money, no one can take a part-time job to save the poor and continue to paint and sell paintings. In addition to painting bamboo, orchids and stones, parents "don't want to be obscure:" you always. .

Yongzheng 13, went to Jiao Shan Shuangfeng Academy to study for the final exam next year. After the Spring Festival in the first year of Qianlong (1736), 44-year-old Zheng Xie took the exam. But some people have no choice but to use the title of stone. Who knows this is 6 years of on-site maintenance. Zheng Xie had no choice but to sell paintings in Yangzhou again. This kind of manpower interacted more closely with the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" of the scribes, and even became a guest in the salt transportation of the two provinces.

After six years of success, Beijing Zheng Xie finally succeeded in success. Uncle Shen took a fancy to Wang Yun West Road in the county seat and regarded it as the contemporary Li Bai. Yunxi "hunts poetry and grass", and Taohuashan poetry and grass asks Zheng Xie to make a preface and answer happily. The factional struggle of King Yvonne's royal family is fierce, and there is no authority at present, but the idea is so smooth. During the Yongzheng period, he was called Beizi Baylor, and Qianlong ascended the throne, sealing Zheng Xiegong and describing his fantasy adventures. Zheng Xie Gan Long ascended the throne as the magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province, and his official career officially began.

Do you know Wei county in Fan county?

Zheng Xie, a 57-year-old county magistrate, was excited and unconvinced. His early wisdom expected to get a Beijing official, and his grandfather failed to live up to people's expectations, with only any imaginable complex feelings. Before going to his post, I sewed a yellow silk quilt in the back room and gave it to him: the heart of conspiracy is endless, and the official and the poor have done everything to kill people. "Zheng Xie's memory and determination is a good magistrate.

Fan county, on the north bank of the Yellow River in western Shandong, is honest and poor. When Zheng Xie arrived, he did a good thing: he made many holes in the wall of the county government, and he looked directly from the street. Someone asked him why, and he said, "vulgar ears are humiliated in front of the palace." He wrote to a cousin and said, "Between heaven and earth, like other migrant workers, Jia handles all the convenient places that are not used." He went out to look at the signs that shouted "Don't hide" and "Quiet". At night, only two runners-up showed the way with lanterns, and only the word "bridge" was written on the lanterns. For several years, the weather in Fan County was quite good. The person he loves has done nothing to treat different financial resources. There is a stone lying on the elegant wall painting, which means "the lawsuit is simple, and the criminal is just lying on the wonderful". Fan county is rich and disgusting, and the poor scholar is about to become a son-in-law He sent a birthday silver of 21,200 yuan, thanking Zheng for accepting the adopted daughter of the rich family's adopted daughter, and the rich family readily agreed. Poor scholar Xie said: "I found a quick method for my daughter!" " 1200 silver as a dowry. "Fu, of course, very happy. Banqiao remembers the scholar, the "adopted daughter" got married and rode home together.

When an accident happened in Fanxian County, Zheng Xie, Sichuan examinee county did an experiment, according to the regulations of students' returning to their home country. Zheng Xie thinks that the world is nothing, so make an exception if you don't throw away the cards. This incident aroused the criticism of the county candidates, thanked the petition of the higher authorities, and only condemned the magistrate of Cao Zhou.

After more than ten years of Qianlong (1746), Zheng Xie was transferred to Wei County, which is located in the east of Shandong Province, with rich products and flourishing business. When Zheng Xie took office, it was a persistent drought and plague epidemic, and the former magistrate slipped away less than a year after taking office. Zheng Xie sympathized with the victims and took concrete actions. He opened a warehouse, wrote an iou to collect rice and registered the counties successively, ordering them to open factories in turn to put porridge, store more and sell more letters. In the long run, he used the only legal means to save people from hunger and lay the foundation for next year's bumper harvest. At the same time, he also introduced "integrity" to the people. However, in the second year, Wei County still suffered from severe drought, and Emperor Qianlong sent Gao Bin, a scholar who had just visited Wenyuan Pavilion, to pro-Shandong for disaster relief. Zheng Zao met in Yangzhou and Shandong because of the inevitable poems and songs.

/kloc-In the spring of 0/3, Emperor Qianlong visited Shandong, and perhaps Wang Gaobin recommended Zheng Xie as "the history of calligraphy and painting".

In order to save the social crisis caused by successive years of drought in wei county, while raising funds, Zheng Xiefu took the lead in donating 360,000 yuan to build a large-scale project again, and completed the wei county City Wall in March and May 2004. This autumn, Wei County finally got a good harvest, and the hungry people settled in their hometown.

However, the good times did not last long, and Zheng Xie was always dissatisfied, so his "crazy" and "strange" behavior would naturally be more realistic. Second, because the citizens went to the provincial level and various bureaucratic banquets, they finally got a flaw. Because Zheng Shi's poem "A bittern in the sea knows spring better" is of course regarded as a satire on the boss. /kloc-in the winter of 0/7, Zheng Xie was dismissed.

Painting seller, hometown of Yangzhou.

After retirement, he returned to his early years to sell paintings in Zhengzhou, Yangzhou. At this time, he was just an ordinary cloth, but because his poems and paintings returned to Yangzhou, he became famous and officials were corrupt, which was very popular among Yangzhou scholars and people. He just lived in Xinghua, Yangzhou for a few days, and then went back to his hometown for the New Year. Many years later, over 60 years old, the tourism situation in Hangzhou and Zheng Xie has some fresh air, and the second selling point is to support the family. For a long time, Governor Wu wanted Zheng Xie's calligraphy and painting. He heard that Zheng Xie swam right away and greeted him with wine, giving him gifts and silks and satins. Zheng Xie made a copy of his writing and painting. Other bureaucrats and celebrities also sponsored banquets, and then sought calligraphy, Zheng Xie, Zheng Xie, money and goods in batches, and Xinghua family economy. Soon he returned to the north, and often traveled to and from the prosperous xinghua city, Yangzhou, Taizhou and northern Jiangsu, making a living by painting and selling paintings.

Zheng Xie is in Yangzhou and lives in the northern city of Chikulin Temple. Many young people often go to Chikurinji to thank Zheng Xie for his math books and learn painting. In time, Zheng Xie Xiting, Zhu and Huang Shen, the painter Shen each carried a hundred yuan of happiness, and Zheng Xie was born in the Seven Saints, "Kyubi no Youko Lantu". This is Zheng Xie's reputation, but life is very embarrassing. Someone asked him whether painting was just a compliment or just a gift and food. Zheng Xie is ashamed to support his family, which is of no help. Later, the humble monks in Zheng Xie adopted the suggested "Runge" advertisement: 62, significantly 4 Liang, slightly 22 Liang, and the banner couplet 12 was five yuan. Attached poem: Draw more bamboos and buy more bamboos. The paper is six feet high and costs thirty yuan. DS Hua San theory was handed over, only when the autumn wind passed. Since then, Zheng Xie's income from selling paintings has been used to support his family. He specially put forward a bag containing some fresh fruits of silver and old acquaintances of poor families, ready to take out gifts at any time.

In Xinghua, in addition to the steep hutong floating, the state-owned greenway and Zheng Xie, there are many stone piers Nanliu Garden in the local language, which was officially named Zaoyuan in the Ming Dynasty as a private garden for playing chess, painting and singing. Exchange gifts and leave many excellent works.

After thirty years of Qianlong (1766) and 65438+ February, senior officials and dignitaries should have many opportunities, and finally completed his tortuous life path and owned a green park by the lake of xinghua city Shengxiandang. At the age of 76, he didn't make any achievements in politics, but he was reincarnated with many poems, paintings and performance ideas? Personality has added a lot of dazzling brilliance to him.

Casting eight arts, outstanding

Professor Jiang Shusong of Yangzhou University spoke highly of Zheng Banqiao's poetry and Walter Zheng Banqiao's achievements in literature and art. He is proficient in poetry, ci, music, writing, books, painting, the European Union and India. He is one of the most influential "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", a famous art gallery in Qing Dynasty. They are listed as one of the "Three Highs in Chuyang", "Seven Sons in Yong" and "Three Sages in Wei County" and regarded as the "main bridge school".

There are more than 1000 deceitful words in Zheng Xie's poems, nearly 100 existing literary works, more than 10 songs, more than 100 couplets, more than 100 letters, and hundreds of prefaces, verdicts, rubbings and banners. It can be said that he is a versatile writer, and his poems are fresh, fluent and straightforward. The styles such as "Escape from Famine", "Home" and "Want to Return to China" are true portrayal. Under the post-disaster situation in Wei County, the "official protection" and "lynching evil" were exposed to ruthless tyranny, and the famous "Ya Zhai Lie Listening to Xiao" was suspected to be the voice of the people's sufferings. Zhou, secretary of some small county committees, is always concerned that Banqiao is closely related to people's thoughts and feelings, and his words are graceful or bold, which is quite close to Chen's words. Beautiful words, such as "Congratulations to the groom Xu Qingteng, cursive scroll. Generous and desolate, large-scale cooperation, "drunken singing, crazy crying." The "feelings" in section 10 is a profound couplet written by Huang Guan, which is known as the Taoist understanding in the Qing Dynasty. It is simple and natural, with lofty artistic conception, and has become the highest achievement of our Qing school in our life. "Governing the country, evaluating the literary camp, making friends with the past and discussing the present, expressing trivial experiences and discussing."

There are more than 65,438+0,000 works by ancient China painters in Zheng Xie.

Zheng Xie painted orchids, bamboos, stones, pines, chrysanthemums and plums instead of figures, landscapes and flowers and birds. The bamboo he painted is thin and tall, dripping with ink, wet and dry, and part of it is solid; Nassau entered, and literary teenagers dawdled and had fun; Dan Xiong Qi Hugh's ugly and pale management is like a hundred thousand countries. These constitute the integrity and liveliness of Zheng's overall style.

Zheng Xie's "Sunlight Moon Shadow" painted a paper window and powder wall in a middle school in Zhu Lan, claiming that "there is no modeling. First of all, I came to Yangzhou to sell paintings, which broadened my horizons and realized that they just made a stone with an incomparable shape in the past. Yongzheng Lushan tourism is more aware of the lofty freehand brushwork of Badashan people. Zheng Xie learned from nature, inherited and carried forward Shi Tao, and Bashan people dared to innovate and became a fine tradition of law and eclecticism, forming their own unique style and expanding the expression of literati painting. In his painting practice,

Many of Zheng Xie's brilliant painting theories are based on such things as "bamboo", "learning to vote for seven", "saying", "not standing", "saying", "maximum and minimum" and so on. These important developments of Gucci and Shi Tao's painting theories still have enlightening and guiding significance for painting creators. unique

Zheng Xie's calligraphy style is divided into six and a half volumes, which is called "Banqiao Style". The writing of this book is Zhu Lan and Fang Bi's eighth hybrid, line, grass, Indian and French painting, round pen, thirsty pen, freely changing squat pen, center or flank technique, and the topic of mainstream nosebleeds is just right. The structure of Chinese characters, focusing on levels, is mostly flat, radiating from the center of gravity to all sides, which is unique and innovative, endless. In terms of layout, it is integrated and natural. Among them, the shapes of big, small, square, round and irregular are ever-changing, but the arrangement is orderly, which does not violate the continuity of the whole seamless cushion.

Over the years, Banqiao-style human books have been very tall. Mckinnon said that his contemporaries: "Xinghua Banqiao is elegant, and Zheng Jinshi, who laughs, is very famous and is lofty." Neighbor Deng Tuo said, "It was then that it was popular for more than 200 years. Even the old school, Dong Xin, Banqiao and the Senate handed in their pens, and then they lost their blame. " Yang Shoujing said: "The bridge is booming, the winter heart is separated, and it is not bound by the previous ones. It has found its own way, but after normal, it still falls into magic." . Although Kang and Yang couldn't understand the strangeness of Banqiao style, they saw his innovation in traditional calligraphy. As Zheng Xie said, "I think he is a new outstanding master."

Zheng Xie's book is full of views on painting theory. Yong Zhongyu by Wang Xizhi of Zhao Meng? #92; Dong Qichang's Calligraphy, Zheng Xie's Review. In the early Qing dynasty, the rulers advocated the style of black and light, and combined with the artistic personality of calligraphers. Zheng Xie can trace back to the road, get together with all American countries in the monument, make bold innovations, and gain new life in the book industry. about

& gt Zheng Xie's achievements in the field of literature and art are not only reflected in the creation of poetry, calligraphy and painting, but also in the combination of the three in theory, both in micro and macro aspects.

Wei Zheng Xie's calligraphy and painting are books, including poems, poems, calligraphy and painting. In painting, he combined the infiltration of new york's book, focal pen, blue branches and bamboo, which was similar to the vertical cursive script and exquisite painting and calligraphy skills of blue bamboo. In addition, painting new york permeates the book "to realize the image of calligraphy. From the strange things in the nature of images, the vertical, horizontal and downward points are often like the beauty of bamboo, orchid leaves, calligraphy works and paintings. Just like Jiang Shiquan's poem in the Qing Dynasty: If the words written by the quaint and elegant Banqiao are in blue ink, such as Tibetan orchids spreading their leaves and spreading their flowers. Get a dream, a painting that ordinary people don't want to brag about. Every word of Qiao Yang is an ordinary laughing monster. Zheng Xie's poems are full of paintings, such as "Xinghua twists and turns Gaoyou seven sentences": "160 lotus field, one of thousands of fish and ducks, shines on the poor with pink edges. Sailors can't hold on for a few strokes, depicting colorful, dynamic and static, lively and extraordinary fishing village scenery. Green lotus leaves, red lotus flowers, white scales, brown ducks, such smart colors, can not but be amazing! His paintings and poems. We watched Zheng Xiebi's indomitable spirit stand proudly in the wind, as if we had heard the song Song Punishment.

Macroscopically, Zheng Xie often unifies poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing in one document. For example, at the age of 70, he painted a picture of the word "bamboo", the indomitable spirit of a boulder, and the extremely thin bamboo screen at the seam that almost burst. According to the space in the upper right corner, I wrote a poem: "The 70-year-old man painted bamboo and stone, and the stone ridge stood tall and straight. I realized that this old pen stood upright. Ram, thank you. " The name is printed on both sides. The lower right box is empty. "Song blew the ancient Yangzhou leisure chapter party. The old man wandered all his life and did not bow to evil forces. He was as firm as a rock, such as clean bamboo-shaped gold, such as noble orchids. The whole poem was oblique, and the size or peaks on it were replaced by bamboo paintings. The leaves of orchids set off the flowers." Poetry and painting came first in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and Zheng Xie was founded, such as Zheng, which is rare. Xin Wei is a high degree of unity of various arts. If this poem is not a title, but a title embracing ladies with rocky scenery, then we must be out of proportion. If you don't have six and a half books, Liu Yanti's or Jin Nong's lacquered books, no matter how good the paintings are, our good handwriting is also very uncoordinated. The perfect unity of Zheng Xie's pen, poem, painting, book and seal.

The core of Zheng Xie's various artistic achievements is a strange word. The so-called strangeness is different. The performance of rebelling against tradition is that "New Banqiao Hangao Different Neck Standard" ("Moral Sanqiu Tree, Different Standard Flower") wrote a pair of couplets. The blame lies in the alienation of literature, art and political thought, and can also be manifested in the strong demand of feudal orthodoxy for sympathy, struggle and personal liberation of working people through the alienation of politics and ideology.

When Zheng Xie visited Beijing in his early years, he liked to judge people and was called a "madman". In his view, Zang is a bhikkhu, while public opinion in Taiwan Province Province believes that jujube pears are also descendants of the Yellow Emperor Yao Shun and should be equal and wealthy. He shouted, "princes are unkind to almost everything!" " The ruler thinks that Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism is authentic politically and ideologically, and Zheng Xie thinks that "there is no need to unite, relax and be busy. In Shandong, officials publicly disclosed the darkness of officialdom, the opening of famine years, the final result of disaster relief and seizure of power, and what officials they were, and the charges were unwarranted. In his later years, he painted dark green stones, saying, "Old bones are cold and thick, towering like Mount Tai. "Qin Shihuang was afraid to whip him to Haimen." His unswerving spirit and feudal orthodoxy to the end.

Compared with the previous step, Zheng Xie said: "The weaver girl is the source of clothes; Cattle also eat. He said: "Jia workers don't use mobile phones to deliver goods, and it is inconvenient for disabled people to be independent in society. No wonder all four people's lives were repaid at the end of the year. "This theory really belittles intellectuals, but it attaches great importance to the social role of farmers, workers and businessmen, but what is commendable is that he said," Where can I paint bamboo and stone to comfort the working people in the world, where can I not enjoy the peace of the world? "

Zheng Xie developed freely according to his own nature, and criticized the traditional idea of tying crabs in cages, dragonflies and strings, saying that "everything is more important than people" and "compromising the foundation of things and practicing proper self". His freehand brushwork shows his personality, thoughts and feelings, and takes rock paintings as the main theme. Calligraphy has always been difficult to change and innovate, but Zheng Xie, the six books in his hand, was almost washed away. Poetry expresses people's thoughts more directly. "Gu Lei and Qi intended to supplement it here, and the spark of early democratic thoughts came into being. As a writer and artist, Zheng Xie should occupy a place in the history of China's thoughts.