How to plant millet

Xinjiang is generally irrigated in autumn and winter, and the soil layer should be more than 20cm in autumn; We should do a good job of harrowing, shallow tillage, suppression and soil conservation in spring soil preparation. Sowing millet requires a high seedbed. After soil preparation, the standard of "neat, flat, loose, broken, clean and moisture content" is reached. Soil needs pH value.

2 Suitable sowing date

In general, the temperature of 5cm soil layer needs to be raised to above 65438 00℃ for millet germination. The suitable sowing date in northern Xinjiang is generally in early April.

3 sowing method and density

Using cotton precision seeder to sow millet after debugging, covering film, drip irrigation belt, applying seed fertilizer, sowing and covering soil can be completed at one time. The row spacing is 30cm, the hole spacing is 10cm, 6-8 seeds are sown in each hole (the seed germination rate is 70%), and the sowing depth is 2-3cm. It must be planted in moist soil, and the seedling density per mu is about 50,000 plants. The sowing amount is about 0.3 kg/mu.

4 seedling field management

3-5 leaves are cultivated at seedling stage, and the whole seedling stage needs to be cultivated for 2-3 times.

5 Reasonable irrigation and fertilization

base fertilizer

Apply 30 kg compound fertilizer as base fertilizer when ploughing in autumn;

irrigate

Millet seedlings need to squat properly, and the water demand period is at jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, early flowering and filling stage and middle filling stage. According to rainfall and soil moisture in the field, irrigation is required for 5-7 times during the whole growth period.

Superficial application

During the whole growth period, 45 kilograms of special fertilizer for millet was applied by drip irrigation.

6 pest control

There are few diseases in millet planting in Xinjiang, and the main pests are mites and LEPIDOPTERA pests (cotton bollworm and corn borer). The control of LEPIDOPTERA pests is usually in late May, June and July. Do early investigation, early detection and early prevention. Anti-mite mainly, we must use low-toxic and low-residue drugs to prevent mites for 2-3 times in the early stage. Weeds in the field are mainly annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Solanum nigrum, barnyard grass, Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii and sweet potato). When the leaves of millet are 4-6, they should be sprayed in the field with selective herbicides under the condition of clear weather and no wind.

7 timely harvest

Timely harvest is an important link to ensure high yield and harvest of millet. Premature harvest will affect grain plumpness and reduce yield. Harvesting too late, seed dropping and bird damage will also affect the yield. Yugu 18 generally takes about 60 days from heading to maturity in northern Xinjiang. The back of the grain in the middle and lower part of the ear is grayish white, and the grain has become hard. At this time, the yield and quality are also the best, and it can be harvested in stages. technical requirement

Key points of millet cultivation techniques

I. Soil preparation and fertilization

1. Land selection and soil preparation: select plots and pay attention to stubble, which is suitable for stubble planting or rotation planting, wheat, corn, potato, etc., and millet is not suitable for continuous cropping, but bean stubble and potato stubble are the best. Millet is cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. It is advisable to choose fertile loam or sandy loam with high terrain, convenient drainage, deep soil layer and soft texture, and it is not suitable for planting in low-lying and difficult-to-drain plots. Millet seeds are small, weak in germination and soil covering, and easy to germinate on loose fine soil with sufficient water content. Therefore, it is best to prepare the soil in autumn. If it is too late to prepare soil in autumn, plow and rake as soon as possible after thawing in spring, and prepare soil carefully to protect soil moisture.

2. Fine fertilization: Millet has high biological yield and absorbs a lot of nutrients. So Xiaomi likes fertilizer and is sensitive to fertilizer. It is necessary to strengthen the coordinated application of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and apply a single fertilizer to meet the needs of growth and development. The experiment shows that every 100 kg of millet needs to absorb 4.7 kg of nitrogen,10.7 kg of phosphorus and 5.0 kg of potassium from the soil. Millet needs a lot of potassium, so we should pay attention to the input of potassium fertilizer. Millet in our county is mainly planted in sandy areas. Generally, 45-60 tons of farm manure, 0/00 kg of urea/KLOC-,0/00 kg of diammonium phosphate and 0/50 kg of potassium chloride/KLOC-should be applied per hectare. It is best to apply fertilizer by stages, with diammonium and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizers, and urea as topdressing during intertillage.

Second, variety selection

The main varieties of millet suitable for planting in our county are: Dajinmiao, Jinggu, Liang Xiao Gu Xiang and Zhangzagu series, such as Zhangzagu No.8 and Zhangzagu 16.

Third, seed treatment.

Before sowing, the seeds should be further selected and treated to remove chaff and impurities, so as to ensure the whole seedling and Miao Zhuang. Dry the seeds in the sun for 2-3 days before sowing to improve the germination potential and germination rate of the seeds. After drying in the sun, seed was dressed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

Fourth, timely sowing.

The suitable sowing date of millet in Lishu county is in the middle and late May. Sowing can be done when the ground temperature reaches 10 cm/2-15℃ (middle-and late-maturing varieties are earlier, and early-maturing varieties can be later). Mechanical drilling has the advantages of uniform sowing, uniform depth, less seed consumption, labor saving between seedlings, ventilation and light transmission between seedlings, and cultivation of strong seedlings. Mechanical drilling can be carried out on the ridge, the sowing amount per hectare is 7.5- 1 1.5 kg, and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, so as to achieve dense planting in fertile fields, sparse planting in thin fields and dense planting of early-maturing dwarf varieties.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tian Tuan management

1. It is effective for monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds to select weeding before seedling emergence and seal the soil with grain oil (protoglulam) before seedling emergence. Spray it evenly on the surface of millet after sowing and before emergence. The optimum dosage per mu is120-140g/mu, and 50 kg of water is added per mu.

2. On the basis of good planting, strengthen field cultivation management seriously, achieve the goal of Miaoqi and Miao Zhuang, and finally realize the cultivation goal of big panicle, high yield and high quality. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the following three points: first, early thinning and seedling fixing. According to the density of seedlings, seedlings should be planted at the 3-leaf stage and fixed at the 5-leaf stage; Second, intertillage weeding, when the weeding effect before seedling is not good, it is carried out in time from seedling stage to heading stage; Third, skillfully topdressing, topdressing urea 90-120kg per hectare at jointing stage.

3. Do a good job in pest control. The common diseases of millet are rice blast and smut. Chemical agents can be used for seed dressing before sowing, or chemical agents can be sprayed in time after diseases are found. Carbendazim wettable powder is often used for seed dressing. In pest control, we should mainly do a good job in the prevention and control of corn borer and armyworm, and we can use pyrethroid or Kangkuan for prevention and control. The most important thing in pest control is timely detection and control.

Sixth, timely harvest.

From the beginning of grouting, millet is vulnerable to bird damage, especially sparrows in Lishu County. Therefore, the management and protection of driving birds should be strengthened to prevent the millet from lodging, causing losses and difficulties in harvesting. When the ears of grain turn yellow and mature and the grains harden, they can be harvested. Don't thresh immediately after harvest, but pile it for 7- 10 days before threshing, and increase the yield through after-ripening.

Seven. benefit analysis

The planting cost of millet is lower than that of corn. Generally, seeds need to be put into 500 yuan per hectare, with fertilizer 1 1,000 yuan, mechanical harvesting 1 1,000 yuan, soil preparation and sowing 1 1,000 yuan, weeding in 500 yuan, intertillage in 400 yuan and other expenses in 500 yuan, totaling about 4,900 yuan. In terms of income, the average yield per hectare in our county is above 1 10,000 Jin, and the millet is 6800 Jin. The current market value of Xiaomi is above 4 yuan/Jin, with a total value of 27,200 yuan. Excluding investment, the income per hectare is 22,300 yuan.