Winter traffic safety knowledge

In winter, frost, fog, rain, snow, low temperature and complex environment have great influence on driving safety. Therefore, laymen should prepare some for a rai

In winter, frost, fog, rain, snow, low temperature and complex environment have great influence on driving safety. Therefore, laymen should prepare some for a rainy day. I have prepared the following, I hope it will help you!

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First, enhance the awareness of driving safety in winter

In winter, frost, fog, rain, snow, low temperature and complex environment have great influence on driving safety. Drivers should improve their understanding of safe driving in winter, strengthen their learning of winter driving knowledge and skills, prevent icing, skidding and accidents, and master the handling methods of common problems in winter driving. Never drive in winter with the driving habits of other seasons.

Second, keep abreast of road information.

Before driving, master the road information through TV, radio and other means in advance, and make preparations in advance.

Third, the vehicle maintenance in season

It is necessary to do a good job in the seasonal maintenance of vehicles, conduct a comprehensive inspection and maintenance of vehicle braking and steering systems, gas pipelines, water pipelines, oil pipelines and other components, equip vehicles with necessary anti-freezing devices, and add engine oil and gear oil according to regulations.

Fourth, antifreeze.

In the process of daily maintenance, it is possible that antifreeze is added to ordinary water, so antifreeze must be replaced. Make up for the shortage of coolant, otherwise the engine water temperature will be too high, resulting in engine parts damage. When replacing antifreeze, you should operate in strict accordance with the use method of the product. The key is to pay attention to putting clean water as much as possible, exhausting air as much as possible, not causing "air resistance", and filling it as much as possible. After starting the vehicle for a period of time, observe the situation and make up the right amount. Always check and supplement.

Five, battery preheating and charging

Automotive batteries are mostly lead-acid batteries, which often reduce their efficiency due to freezing in cold environment. Appropriate measures can be taken to keep the temperature of batteries and charge them.

Sixth, pay attention to check the tires.

In winter, the temperature is cold, and the rubber is hard and brittle at low temperature, so whether the air pressure is suitable directly affects the tire life and driving safety. Too low air pressure will increase the curvature of the tire wall, and low temperature will easily break the tire wall rubber; Too high air pressure will reduce tire grip. Pay attention to check whether the inflation of each tire is balanced. Vehicle tires can also be replaced with winter tires in winter.

Seven, snow and ice weather installation snow chains

In snow and ice weather, install snow chains before going out, and don't install them after encountering snow and ice roads, because temporary installation of snow chains is more troublesome than installation in advance, which is not conducive to safety. Before installation and disassembly, the vehicle should be parked in a safe area. If you are on a busy road, you need to set up the necessary traffic warning signs. After installing snow chains, the driving speed is generally not more than 50 kilometers per hour, and attention should be paid to avoiding sudden acceleration or deceleration as much as possible. And consider carrying anti-skid tools such as shovels and pickaxes.

Eight, clear the fog in time

In winter, due to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, the window will condense fog, so it is very fast and effective to open the front door and window slightly while using warm air to remove fog. Also pay attention to defogging the rear window, observe the situation behind the car, and enhance the safety of the reversing process.

Common sense of key problems in winter four prevention

The knowledge of fire prevention in winter is that the wind is strong and things are dry in winter, which is the high incidence period of fire accidents. Pay attention to the following "seven taboos" for family fire prevention in winter:

1 Avoid fire caused by household appliances failure: use electric stoves, electric blankets, electric irons, etc. , to avoid the fire caused by wire damage due to aging and frequent handling.

2 Avoid throwing cigarette butts to cause fires: Don't throw cigarette butts, especially in places like kitchens where there are a lot of flammable substances.

3 avoid setting off fireworks and firecrackers to cause fire: we should master the correct setting off method when setting off fireworks and firecrackers, and check and clean up the scene after setting off.

4 avoid fire caused by fire: it is forbidden to use flammable items such as gasoline, kerosene and alcohol to ignite in winter. Don't pile up flammable materials around the stove and don't bake clothes with heating equipment.

Avoid burning garbage to cause fire: garbage may contain flammable and explosive substances, such as liquefied gas residue, glass bottles, firecrackers, waste liquid lighters, etc. Once burned, it may explode.

6 avoid fire caused by gas leakage: once gas leakage is found, the gas valve and stove switch should be closed immediately and the doors and windows should be opened. At this time, do not switch any electrical appliances or use the indoor telephone. Don't use the doorbell to inform your neighbor that there is a gas leak.

7 Don't equip with fire-fighting equipment: Every family should equip with a small fire extinguisher.

Second, the "five taboos" of fire exits

1 Avoid the original escape: this is the most common fire escape behavior. Because the road exits in most buildings are unfamiliar to people, once a fire breaks out, people are always used to escaping along the upcoming exits and corridors. When you find that this road is impassable, you must have the necessary understanding and familiarity with the surrounding environment and exits, just in case.

Avoid fleeing to bright places: In urgent and dangerous situations, people always flee to bright and bright directions. At this time, in the fire, the place of light is where the fire devil shows off his strength unscrupulously.

3 avoid blindly following others to escape: when people's lives are suddenly in danger, it is easy to lose their normal judgment and thinking ability because of panic. The first reaction is to follow others blindly. Common blind obedience behaviors include jumping out of windows, jumping off buildings, hiding in toilets, bathrooms, door corners and so on. The way to overcome blindly following the trend is to know and master certain knowledge of fire self-help and escape at ordinary times to avoid indecision at the last moment. Avoid escaping from high to low: Especially when there is a fire in a high-rise building, people always habitually think that only by fleeing to the first floor as soon as possible and running outside can there be hope of survival. As everyone knows, blindly fleeing downstairs may throw yourself into the sea of fire. Therefore, once a fire breaks out, you can take effective smoke and fire prevention measures indoors and climb on the roof or wait for rescue.

5 Avoid taking the risk of jumping off a building to escape: When there is a fire, when the chosen escape route is blocked by the fire, the fire is getting bigger and bigger, and the smoke is getting thicker and thicker, it is easy for people to lose their minds. At this time, people should not jump off buildings or windows. Instead, we should find another way to make a living and never take risks blindly.

3. Which fires can't be put out with water?

Once a fire breaks out, people habitually think of using water to put out the fire. In fact, many times, fires can't be put out with water. Here are some situations that can't be put out with water in daily life, so as to improve people's common sense of fire control.

1 electrical appliances: In case of fire, the power supply must be cut off first. Don't cut off the power unless you cut off the power.

You can't put out the fire with water and foam, because both water and foam can conduct electricity. Carbon dioxide, 12 1 1, dry powder fire extinguishers or dry sand shall be selected for fighting, and the distance between them and electrical devices and wires shall be more than 2m. 2 oil pan: Never water the oil pan when it is on fire. Because water meets hot oil, it will form a "frying pan", which will make the oil fire splash everywhere. The fire extinguishing method is to quickly pour the cut cold dishes into the pot along the edge, and the fire will automatically go out. Another method is to cover the burning oil pan with a pot cover or a large piece of wet cloth that can cover the oil pan, so that the burning oil fire can't touch the air and suffocate.

3 Fuel oil or paint: Never pour fuel oil or paint stored at home with water. Use foam, dry powder or 12 1 1 fire extinguisher or sand to put out the fire.

4 Computer: When the computer catches fire, immediately unplug the power supply and put out the fire with dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. If found in time, you can also quickly cover the computer with a wet carpet or quilt after unplugging the power. Don't splash water on the burning computer. Because the temperature drops suddenly, the computer will also explode.

5 dangerous chemicals: there are often a certain amount of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, alkali metal potassium, sodium, lithium, flammable metal aluminum powder and magnesium powder in the school laboratory. These articles are liable to react or burn when exposed to water, and must never be put out with water.

Four, mechanical equipment antifreeze

Cold-proof, anti-freezing, fire-proof and anti-skid measures for mechanical equipment in winter;

1, before entering the winter, do a good job in comprehensive maintenance of all mechanical equipment, do a good job in oil and water management, and change the lubricating oil of the corresponding brand in time in combination with the seasonal maintenance of mechanical equipment; For mechanical equipment using antifreeze, ensure that antifreeze meets local antifreeze requirements; Mechanical equipment that does not use antifreeze should take corresponding antifreeze measures.

2. The fuel used by various vehicles should be selected according to the ambient temperature. When the cold car starts, it should be executed at a low speed for a period of time, and then gradually increase the speed.

3. Before starting the engine in winter, it is forbidden to heat the existing fuel system with naked flame to prevent fire.

4. When driving in snow and ice, the car should be equipped with snow chains; The driver should check whether the braking device of the vehicle is in good condition before leaving the vehicle. If it does not meet the requirements, it is not allowed to leave the vehicle. In case of severe weather such as gale, heavy snow and fog above level 6, it should be stopped.

5, strictly implement the system of machine and people, mechanical storage personnel should stick to their posts, take good care of equipment, and make corresponding records. Strictly implement the dispatching order operation ticket system.

Five, winter construction safety assurance measures

1 Strengthen construction site management. Prevent water from freezing on the construction site and transportation roads, causing potential safety hazards; Scaffolding, scaffolding with snow and ice accumulation, should be cleaned up before construction.

2. Eye-catching safety warning signs should be set at necessary positions to prevent falling from high altitude. The protective shed, protective railing and other facilities erected on the construction site must be in good condition. Before using scaffolding, check whether it meets the specification requirements.

3 Climbing workers must wear anti-skid and anti-freezing articles such as anti-skid shoes and protective gloves, and wear safety helmets and fasten safety belts correctly as required.

4 In case of bad weather such as rain, snow, etc., the accumulated water and snow on the construction site should be removed in time, and it is strictly forbidden to forcibly organize construction work in rainy, snowy and windy weather.

5 The removal of scaffolding, safety nets and other protective facilities on the construction site shall be subject to strict internal examination and approval system, and shall not be removed at will.

6. Strengthen the management of fire prevention and explosion prevention, strengthen the education of workers against fireworks, and establish and implement the fire safety responsibility system at all levels.

7. Strengthen the fire control management on the construction site. Fire fighting facilities and equipment should be complete and in good standby condition. Have a comprehensive inspection before winter.

8. Strengthen on-site electricity management. Electrical devices shall be installed, maintained and managed by professional electricians, and it is strictly forbidden for other personnel to disassemble and assemble the electrical devices at will. Cable laying should be prevented from crushing and freezing in ice and snow. Check the electrical circuit after snow to prevent electric shock accidents caused by cable breakage and damage.

9. Strengthen the anti-freezing and anti-coagulation management of construction machinery. All construction machinery and equipment in use should be maintained seasonally in combination with daily maintenance, and fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, antifreeze and battery fluid suitable for cold season temperature should be replaced. For mechanical equipment that has been stopped for a long time, the water in the equipment and containers should be drained, checked one by one and recorded; For mechanical equipment in normal use, it is necessary to drain the water in the equipment after the work is finished and the machine stops.

10 vehicles should be maintained in season. Lubricating oil and brake fluid suitable for winter use should be used, and the engine and radiator shell should be equipped with cold-proof heat shields, especially the braking system, steering system and lighting system must be intact and reliable to ensure that the vehicle is in good condition. In winter, we should adhere to the system of water discharge and listing to prevent the cylinder from freezing and cracking. When driving on icy roads, it is necessary to control the speed. It is forbidden to drive at high speed, avoid emergency steering and emergency braking, and it is forbidden to suddenly refuel or close the throttle. Snow-covered roads should be equipped with snow chains, and vehicles should keep the driving distance when driving, and appropriately extend the distance to reduce the speed to prevent rear-end collisions.

6. The safe operation of large crane in port and dock against wind and typhoon mainly includes two aspects:

The first is the daily windproof work, mainly to prevent sudden gust in the operation and the windproof safety operation after the operation.

The second is to resist the harm of typhoon to cranes, that is, the so-called crane resistance to Taiwan The main contents of typhoon resistance include safe operation before, during and after the typhoon. The combination of gust prevention and typhoon prevention of hoisting machinery is what people often call "wind resistance and typhoon prevention"

1 Check the service brakes, anti-skid and anti-wind and anti-platform devices such as anchoring and mooring regularly to keep them in good technical condition and working reliability.

2 After each operation, the crane should be driven to the designated place to park, and the crane should be anchored firmly, so that the anti-climbing device is in the state of anti-skid braking. Insert the anti-skid module under the wheel of the cart, lift the hook to the top, put the grab bucket on the ground, lift the spreader of the container crane on the shore to the highest position, shrink the front girder to the minimum, lock the lifting trolley, set all operating handles to zero, and cut off the power supply.

3 When encountering gusts above the design level during the operation, stop the operation and do a good job of wind protection according to the above Article 2.

Before the typhoon comes, the hoisting machinery should be moved to the designated location for parking, and typhoon prevention work should be done according to the above article 2, and the wind rope should be fastened. For a single gantry crane, when the slewing mechanism allows free rotation, the distance between gantry cranes should be greater than 50m. For a single gantry crane, when the slewing mechanism is not allowed to rotate freely, the distance between the gantry cranes should be greater than 15m, and the anti-rotation pin and slewing brake should be locked.

5. The hoisting machinery with poor windproof facilities and insufficient windproof ability should take corresponding measures to improve its windproof ability.

6. During the typhoon, check the integrity of windproof facilities at any time, and handle the problems in time when found. After the typhoon, comprehensively check the wind and typhoon prevention facilities and repair the damaged facilities in time.

Seven, anti-theft in winter

Winter is a frequent period of theft cases, especially when the Spring Festival is approaching, and family theft prevention is particularly important. Based on many years' experience in investigating and solving crimes, the police handed over some knowledge about family security to the general public to remind them to pay attention. I hope that the general public will take safety precautions and work with the police to build a beautiful and safe home.

1. Close the window and lock the door. Be sure to get into the habit of closing the window and locking the door behind you to prevent thieves from entering. Close the doors and windows before going out and going to bed, and lock the security door. When sleeping, the door and bedroom door should also be locked from the inside. Don't open the window when no one is at home. Don't close the door. Be sure to check whether the doors and windows are locked. If there is an anti-theft lock, you must turn on the anti-theft device to make the anti-theft lock really exist.

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Take care of your key, don't throw it about. Don't lend your keys to others or leave them lying around, in case "uninvited guests" copy them or wait for opportunities to steal them.

Before going to bed at night, citizens should try to close the doors and windows to prevent thieves from stealing property by fishing. Wallets, mobile phones, gold and silver jewelry and other valuables, as well as bags, purses, handbags and so on. It should not be placed near the exposed parts of doors and windows, such as bedside tables, desktops, floors and other places that are easily hooked by long strips. Clothes taken off before going to bed, especially valuables such as wallets, mobile phones and credit cards, should be put in the cupboard to prevent theft.

4. Do a good job in technical theft prevention. The reinforcement of doors and windows is very important for theft prevention. Where security doors and windows need to be installed, they must be installed. Conditional families, it is best to install burglar alarm.

5. Don't store too much cash at home, and put valuables in places that are difficult for outsiders to find.

6. Learn to put a maze. When the whole family goes out for a short time at night, it is best to turn on a light or turn on the radio; The whole family goes out for a long time and needs to dry some clothes on the balcony. It is difficult for criminals to judge whether there is anyone at home, so they dare not rashly start.

7. Keep watch nearby. When you go out, you should greet your neighbors, relatives and friends nearby and ask for help.

Knowledge of cold prevention, anti-freezing, anti-skid and anti-virus in winter 1. Lack of cold and antifreeze knowledge

In winter, it is very necessary to do a good job of preventing cold and keeping warm. Today, I will introduce some tips for preventing cold and freezing in winter.

1. Wash your face as little as possible in winter. Don't use overheated water when washing your face. If the water temperature is too high, on the one hand, it will directly burn the panel, on the other hand, it will wash off the grease on your face, which will not protect the panel and easily cause the panel to crack. In addition, it is best to go out half an hour after washing your face, which can reduce the damage of cold air to the facial panel.

2. In winter, chapped lips are particularly easy. Some people like to lick their lips with their tongues and keep their lips moist with saliva, but the effect is just the opposite, and the more they lick, the drier they get. This is because saliva contains viscous amylase. After the saliva water left on the lips evaporates, amylase will remain on the lips like a layer of paste, which is more likely to cause dry lips and even rupture and bleeding. To protect your lips in winter, it is best to use lip balm.

3, shampoo time is particular, winter shampoo should choose when the temperature is high during the day, never wash your hair before going to bed, because after washing your hair with hot water, the capillaries on your scalp expand and your body radiates more heat to the surrounding area. At the same time, the hair is wet after washing, and the evaporation of water will take away a lot of heat. Sleeping at this time is very likely to cause a cold.

4, dressing should not be too tight. It is generally believed that to keep warm in winter, you should put on more clothes and tighten up. Actually, this is a one-sided understanding. If you wear clothes too tightly, the blood circulation of the human body will be hindered to some extent, which is not conducive to keeping warm. For example, wearing shoes and socks too tightly will lead to poor blood flow in the feet and heat can't reach the feet smoothly, but the feet feel colder, which will lead to frostbite for a long time.

5, friction against frostbite. In cold weather, many people have frostbite on their hands, feet, faces and other places. Simple methods to treat chilblain: First, hot ironing, aiming at the affected area with a hair dryer, about 20 cm away from the panel, and slowly blowing with hot air for 5 minutes to speed up the blood circulation of the panel. The second method is the * * * method, which is to apply * * to the affected area after heating the hand. Long-term use has a good effect on treating chilblain. In addition, always rub your hands and stamp your feet.

It can also effectively prevent frostbite.

Second, the road anti-skid tips

On snowy days, everyone may have experienced riding a bike or slipping on foot. How to prevent slippery? In fact, everyone knows that anti-skid should increase friction.

1. Regarding the anti-skid of bicycles, the front and rear tires can be deflated 1/3, which can increase the contact area between the tires and the ground and achieve the effect of increasing friction, thus achieving the purpose of anti-skid. Although riding a bike like this will be a bit tiring, it will greatly increase the safety factor.

2. For anti-skid walking, two ropes with the thickness of 1 cm can be prepared and tied to shoes respectively. It is best to wrap it more than 2 times and then fix it at the ankle. This trick is very useful, for example, old people and children are more likely to fall, which is very suitable for this.

Three, the prevention of gas poisoning knowledge

1. When heating with a coal stove in winter, first install a chimney on the coal stove, and check whether the coal stove and chimney are leaking and whether the flue is blocked. Determine the direction of smoke exhaust according to the local wind direction to prevent downdraft.

2. As the saying goes, "It's better to be cold and clear than to smoke people." When you sleep at night, don't block the fire damper, set up vents in the house, and pay attention to the circulation of indoor air.

3. Newly-born coal stoves are most likely to produce carbon monoxide. Open the windows in time for ventilation, and then pile up coal. Never pile up wet coal. After accumulation, unburned ashes should be cleaned up in time.