South Korea also celebrates the Spring Festival. What customs are similar to ours during the Spring Festival? Some customs are different from ours? [Summary] Rabbit would like to thank her.

China's Han culture spread to the Korean peninsula a long time ago, and China and South Korea have a long history of cultural exchange. Therefore, many traditional customs in South Korea are the same as those in China, but in the process of combining China culture with Korean living habits and ways of thinking, many unique customs have been formed. Lunar New Year is one of the most grand and important traditional festivals in South Korea and China, and it is also a festival for family reunion and family reunion. This paper will compare the origin, customs and food customs of Chinese and Korean Spring Festival respectively, and explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean Spring Festival.

First, the origin of the Korean Spring Festival

South Korea calls the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar "Schell". There is no clear record in history when the first day of the first month became a Korean festival. According to Korean history, the Spring Festival is one of the "nine major festivals". During the Korean period, Spring Festival and cold food (105 days from winter to the future), Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival were called four major festivals. The traditional customs of the Spring Festival existed as early as the Three Kingdoms period, and became diversified in the Koryo period and continued into the Korean period. But in fact, the customs of the Spring Festival and other months we are talking about today were deeply rooted in Korea during the Korean period, and the customs of the Spring Festival were also influenced by religions in various periods. In Korea, Buddhist customs such as Ba Guan Hui and Lantern Festival prevailed, while in Korea, Confucian customs that attached importance to ancestor worship and other Spring Festival ceremonies prevailed. Spring Festival is also called "Caution Day", which means to be cautious in words and deeds. Because the luck of a year depends on the first day of the new year, you should be careful in your words and deeds in order to avoid misfortune.

In China, the Spring Festival is the grandest and most lively ancient festival among the people for 3,000 years. In 104 BC, Sima Qian created the taichu calendar Law, and set the first month as the beginning of the year. The first day of the first month is called "New Year". Since then, the tradition of taking the first month of the lunar calendar as a holiday has been formed. In the past, the Spring Festival was also called January 1st, Fuehrer, Singapore dollar and so on. After the Revolution of 1911, China began to change the solar calendar 19 12, calling the first day of the solar calendar "New Year's Day", while the first day of the first lunar month was renamed "Spring Festival". However, thousands of years of traditional customs make the Lunar New Year more important than the Gregorian New Year.

Second, the Korean Spring Festival diet customs

Dietary culture contains many elements such as eating habits, and each element is closely related to the natural conditions, socio-economic environment and national characteristics of all ethnic groups. In Korea, the food eaten during the Spring Festival is collectively called "New Year's Eve" and the wine drunk is called "New Year's Wine". The most representative of "New Year's Eve" is the rice cake. On the morning of New Year's Day, make soup with rice cake slices. The round rice cake slice symbolizes the sun, reflecting the worship of the sun by Koreans since ancient times. The custom of eating rice cake soup is explained in Cui Nanshan's "Korean food", that is, the new year begins with a free food, which contains the religious meaning of the rebirth of everything in the world. The rice cake soup eaten on the first day of the first month is also called "adding rice cakes". Eating rice cake soup also symbolizes another year's growth, so Koreans sometimes don't ask, "How old are you?" Instead, he asked, "How many bowls of rice cake soup did you eat?" It can be seen that eating rice cake soup is an extremely common New Year custom in Korea.

In addition, Koreans don't drink warm wine during the Spring Festival, but drink cold wine. It is said that drinking ice wine has the meaning of welcoming the spring. On the first day of the first month, Koreans should first drink pepper, cypress wine and Tu Su wine after New Year greetings. Tu Su wine is made of many kinds of medicinal materials. People think that for the sake of health and safety, drinking this wine will not make you sick. The custom of drinking Tu Su wine is the same as that of China.

China has a food culture of "Food is the most important thing for the people". From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, China Yangtze River valley had the habit of drinking Tu Su wine and cypress leaf wine. People think that drinking Tu Su wine can prevent infectious diseases, while drinking cypress leaves will prolong life. It is said that Tu Su wine was created by Hua Tuo, a famous doctor at the end of Han Dynasty. Drinking on New Year's Eve can prevent plague. In ancient times, drinking Tu Su wine, Su Shi's "except Japan", since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the customs of the north and the south are obviously different. In the north, people will eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Jiaozi has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, and it is also an indispensable food for Chinese New Year. Jiaozi homophonic "Jiaozi" means the alternation of old and new. Jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, so it symbolizes wealth. In the south, you should eat Yuanxiao and rice cakes during the Spring Festival. Yuanxiao, also called Tangyuan, symbolizes family reunion and family harmony. Rice cakes are homophonic with "rice cakes". In China, New Year's cake means a happy New Year and a richer life. At this point, we can see the cultural differences between China rice cakes and Korean rice cakes.

Eating New Year's Eve is essential for China to celebrate the New Year. On New Year's Eve, a sumptuous New Year's dish was served, and the family had a reunion dinner to bid farewell to the old year and welcome in the new year. Jiaozi, Yuanxiao, noodles, fish, chicken, hot pot and so on are all foods for the New Year's Eve. Chicken stands for "good luck", fish stands for "more than a year", hot pot stands for "thriving" and so on.

Third, the traditional entertainment games in South Korea and China in the New Year.

During the Spring Festival, both South Korea and China have the custom of "observing the age". On New Year's Eve, the family got together and stayed up all night to welcome the New Year. According to Zonggu's Chronicle of Jingchu, China had the custom of eating New Year's Eve at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it was only from the beginning of the New Year's Eve that it was slowly eaten, and some families had to eat it until late at night. In Korea, there is a saying that "when you sleep on New Year's Eve, your eyebrows will turn white".

In China, besides celebrating the Lunar New Year, lanterns are decorated during the Spring Festival. Every household should put red couplets and the word "Fu" on the door, put up New Year pictures on the wall and set off firecrackers. These are customs that are not found in Korea. In South Korea, there is a custom of giving "lucky powder" with the meaning of "pretending to be lucky" to others or hanging it at home, that is, hanging a fence made of bamboo strips on the wall on the morning of the first day of the twelfth lunar month or after midnight. This fence was originally a tool for screening rice in Korea, which will screen out misfortune and bring good luck. There is another legend about its origin. It is said that a ghost named "Luminous" will come out to steal shoes on the first night of the first month of the first month, and those who steal shoes will have bad luck this year. So, people will take their shoes back to the house from the outside that night and put a sieve at the door. This is because the luminous ghost will count holes in the sieve until dawn and forget to steal shoes.

The tradition of celebrating the Spring Festival is closely related to thousands of years of farming culture. People who have worked hard for a year celebrate the new year with various entertainment programs at the beginning of the new year to eliminate their hard work. Now Spring Festival is a public holiday in South Korea and China. During the Spring Festival, relatives and friends visit each other and invite them to drink and entertain. In China, people get together to play poker. In Korea, people get together to play "painting" (a kind of entertainment similar to poker). "Utz" is also very popular in Korea. There are two kinds of people who participate in the game. They throw four boards in turn and score points according to certain rules. Utz can also be used to predict a year's luck. In addition, representative entertainment games in Korean Spring Festival include seesaw, flying kites and swinging. Flying kites starts from the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day of the first month, kites are called "Ur Kites". People fly kites very high, and then cut the rope to let all the bad luck that may happen in a year pass, so flying kites is also called "Ur kite".

Typical traditional entertainment items during the Spring Festival include setting off firecrackers, lion dancing and playing dragon lanterns. Firecrackers are unique to China. They have a long history of more than 2000 years. Nowadays, in addition to setting off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old year and welcome in the new year, people also have to set off firecrackers to celebrate every happy event. Lion dancing and dragon lantern playing are traditional folk activities during the Spring Festival in China. Accompanied by gongs and drums, performance is a popular folk dance in China, which means to pray for a bumper harvest and good weather. This can also be said to be the product of farming culture.

Fourth, the custom of Korean Spring Festival.

During the Spring Festival, both Korea and China have the custom of exchanging blessings between relatives and friends. China calls it "Happy New Year" and South Korea calls it "Happy New Year". The younger generation should pay New Year greetings to the elders, and the elders should give the younger generation lucky money. Relatives and friends should also give gifts to each other, and everyone should say auspicious words such as "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations on getting rich".

Ancestor worship plays an important role in Chinese and Korean Spring Festival customs. By offering sacrifices to ancestors, we can remember their virtues, inherit their aspirations, hope to be protected by ancestors and bless future generations. In Korea, family members have to get up early, wear hanbok and attend ancestor worship activities on the first day of the New Year. Its ancestor worship procedure is strict. First, it worships the portraits of ancestors at home, and then bows and kowtows to ancestors in turn, praying for the prosperity of the family business created by ancestors. There are also strict statements about the placement of the altar. Fruit should be placed in the first row of the altar, with red fruits in the east and ginkgo in the west; In the second row, vegetable offerings should be placed; The third row of soup, fish soup in the east, clear soup in the west and vegetable soup in the middle; Fourth, discharge baked or fried things; Rice is in the fifth row. Sacrificing ancestors, first of all, is to worship the portraits of ancestors at home, bow and kowtow to ancestors in turn, and pray for the prosperity of the family business created by ancestors. After the ancestor worship, the younger generation will salute their elders to pay New Year greetings, and then have a New Year's Eve dinner for breakfast. After breakfast, they will go to other relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings.

In China, different places have different forms of ancestor worship, some go to ancestral graves and some go to ancestral temples. Most people set up ancestral tablets at home to show their offerings. On the morning of New Year's Eve, they worship in the order of generations. There are generally "three sacrifices" for ancestor worship-pigs, chickens and fish; Four fruits-seasonal fruits in spring, summer, autumn and winter; Green tea, food and wine, etc. Besides ancestor worship, China also has the custom of offering sacrifices to stoves and the god of wealth during the Spring Festival.

Five, the Korean Spring Festival taboo

The first month is the beginning of a year, and people regard it as a sign of good luck or bad luck in the new year. Therefore, both China and South Korea have some related taboos during the Chinese New Year. Keeping the old age can also be said to be a taboo, that is, you can't sleep on New Year's Eve. People who have a family funeral or have served for three years during the Korean Spring Festival cannot pay a New Year call. In Korean, "Spring Festival" not only means the beginning of a new year, but also means "be careful". In addition to visiting neighbors, Koreans generally don't go out during the Spring Festival, and they are very cautious in doing everything.

China also has various taboos during the Spring Festival. For example, "don't sweep the floor" means you can't sweep the floor during the Spring Festival. People think that sweeping the floor will sweep away good luck and drive away the god of wealth. Also, don't say unlucky words such as "broken", "broken", "nothing" and "dead" during the Chinese New Year, and don't take medicine, otherwise you will get sick and take medicine all year round.

The custom of the Spring Festival reflects the life characteristics, national beliefs and fine traditions of the two peoples. Although the forms of expression are different, the main content of the Spring Festival custom is to pray for a healthy, safe and happy New Year for both Chinese and Korean people. It is worth mentioning that during the Spring Festival, people have to go home for the New Year even if they are busy, which makes it hard to get a train ticket and an air ticket. Thus, family reunion plays an extremely important role in the customs of the two countries.