Qiugou technology aquatic products breeding

That's enough. It seems good. I suggest you breed Penaeus vannamei, which is a very popular breeding project now. Every summer, the culture of Penaeus vannamei enters the stage of high temperature management, the density of shrimp culture in the pond is high, the physiological function of Penaeus vannamei is vigorous, and the shrimp is at the peak of growth; The large amount of bait feeding increases the residual bait and excrement in the pond, which aggravates the water pollution and reduces the transparency of water color; Algae, bacteria and other organisms thrive and have large biomass, and the water body is prone to thermocline, oxycline and other stratification, which is easy to cause oxygen debt in the pond water, resulting in hypoxia and many other factors, especially during typhoons and rainstorms, the water quality of shrimp culture ponds often deteriorates, accompanied by floods, resulting in a large number of deaths of cultured prawns; Red body disease, white spot disease, red leg disease and other diseases are high, in which the sudden change of water environment is easy to make prawns respond to emergencies and lead to red body disease. According to the above high-temperature water quality characteristics, in order to ensure the healthy culture of Penaeus vannamei, tide over the difficulties smoothly and obtain high yield, combined with the accumulation of breeding disease forecast data in recent three years, the following key points of breeding management are put forward. 1 Where water can be changed in time, oxygen should be increased scientifically. According to the change of water quality, water should be changed in a timely and appropriate amount, a small amount of water should be changed, large irrigation and drainage should be avoided, and the water level should be raised appropriately, and it should be kept above 1.5m as far as possible, so that the water temperature in the middle and lower layers can still be kept within 32℃. Generally speaking, the daily water exchange of shrimp farms is 8% ~ 10% of the pool water. If it is increased to 20%, the growth rate of shrimp will be obviously improved. When the water exchange rate increased to 30% that day, the growth trough of shrimp in midsummer basically disappeared. With the increase of water temperature and the growth of prawns, the water depth should be continuously increased, especially in the middle and late stage of aquaculture, the water level must be raised to 1.8m ~ 2m, and it should be kept above 2.2m in the high temperature period. Therefore, in the spring tide period, it is necessary to keep changing water 1 time every d; In low tide and dry season, in order to reduce the water temperature, it is best to make the water exchange rate between 30% and 50%. When changing water, in order to prevent the invasion of living organisms carrying shrimp outbreak virus, it is best to filter with 80 mesh screen at the water inlet. Due to the high water temperature in summer, stratification phenomena such as thermocline and oxycline are easy to occur, which leads to hypoxia in shrimp ponds. In view of this characteristic of pool water in high temperature period, aeration should be started for several hours every morning and noon to eliminate water stratification in time and avoid the formation of oxygen debt. As the weather is changeable, we should pay attention to the weather forecast every day and take precautions against thunderstorms and strong winds. If signs of hypoxia are found, timely water injection, startup and oxygenation, or spraying particulate oxygen should be carried out. , in order to avoid drowning shrimp. On the basis of installing aerators in conditional ponds, the bottom aerators of nanotubes can be used, and ponds without aerators can be stirred to death by water pumps. During the high temperature period, the water quality of aquaculture ponds in Ninghai Changjie and other places was measured on the spot. Most ponds have obvious oxygen and alkali, and the dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer of ponds is less than 4mg/L, and some of them are only 65438 0.5 mg/L, which is one of the main reasons for the decrease of food intake, slow growth, illness and floating head death of white shrimp culture in summer. 2. Adjusting the water quality and improving the bottom culture of Penaeus vannamei, the ideal water color is yellow-green or yellow-brown, which is formed by green algae or diatoms. This kind of green algae or diatom is a benign biological community in the micro-ecological environment of the pond and plays a net role in water quality. In the middle and late stage of aquaculture, the color of the water in the pond generally changes, and the color of the water becomes darker, which is mainly caused by the lack of magnesium ions needed for the reproduction of green algae or diatoms. The whole pond is sprayed with calcium hydrophosphate 10 ~ 10 every day with a concentration of 2× 1 0× e-6 ~ 3× 10× e-6 and a concentration of 20×/kloc-0. On a sunny morning, dissolve it and spray it.59000.00000000005 Use beneficial microorganisms every 7 ~ 10d. At present, the commonly used biological agents are photosynthetic bacteria, EM raw dew, fish and shrimp auxin (CBS), living water treasure (Bacillus) and so on. Commonly used substrate improvers include zeolite powder, Youdejing or (1+ 1) bottoming, particulate oxygen, etc. Photosynthetic bacteria can be used together with zeolite powder, and Bacillus should be used at the same time in sunny mornings. The suitable pH value of Penaeus vannamei is 7.8 ~ 8.5. However, there was a peak of 9.2 in the middle and late stage of culture, so special attention should be paid to adjusting the pH value during the culture process, and it should not be too high, otherwise it would increase the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen and inhibit the growth of shrimp. In ponds with high pH value (pH value: 8.6 ~ 9.0), "Luwei" (compound polybasic organic acid salt, dosage1×10× e-6 ~ 2×10× e-6) and acetic acid (/kloc-) can be used. For ponds with high pH value (pH value: greater than 9.0), low transparency and high algae density, the concentration of "Luwei"1×10× e-6 ~ 2×10× e-6 should be used first, and then 0.65438+ should be used after 2 hours. If the pH value drops below 7.5 due to sudden rainstorm or continuous cloudy days, 6 ~ 8 kilograms of quicklime should be sprinkled per mu and applied throughout the pond. In the process of cultivating Penaeus vannamei, with the growth of Penaeus vannamei, the demand for dissolved oxygen in water increases, so the start-up time of the aerator should be gradually extended. For intensive culture ponds and high-density and high-yield culture ponds, it is necessary to start the aerator 24 hours to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pond is above 5mg/L, the dissolved oxygen in the bottom of the pond is above 3mg/L, and the minimum dissolved oxygen cannot be lower than1.2 mg/L. The dissolved oxygen value fluctuates greatly, which indicates that the dissolved oxygen value in water fluctuates greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to buy a rapid water quality tester to monitor the changes of pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen in pond water at any time to ensure that shrimp culture is foolproof. In the later stage of culture, the transparency of pond water should be kept at 35 ~ 60 cm. If the transparency is less than 20cm, change water, add water or apply zeolite powder or quicklime. If the transparency is too great, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can be topdressing. 3 Feed high-quality feed and control the feeding amount. The feed for Penaeus vannamei should be fed with fresh and high-quality full-price feed for Penaeus vannamei. In summer, prawns eat a lot and digest quickly, and the daily feeding amount increases, so they should be fed in small amounts and in multiple meals. Shrimp has the habit of sleeping during the day and going out at night. It is active at night and has a strong appetite. Latent during the day, loss of appetite. Therefore, the bait is mainly fed before sunrise and after sunset, accounting for 70% ~ 80% in the morning and evening, and 20% ~ 30% in the daytime. Try to avoid high temperature time. The daily feeding amount should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water quality, health and activities of prawns. Generally speaking, the principle is to check that there is no residual bait on the bait table, and it is best to eat it within 1 ~ 1.5h after feeding. When the weather is sultry or there is a thunderstorm, you can feed less or not, which can reduce the feeding coefficient and reduce the pollution pressure of water bodies. 4 Scientific disease prevention and rational drug use In the high temperature season, the active feeding ability of prawns is poor, the metabolic level of the organism declines, the water environment deteriorates, and pathogenic organisms breed, which is easy to cause prawn diseases. There are mainly stress erythrozoonosis, bacterial erythrozoonosis, enteritis, leukoplakia, sessile fiber disease, muscle necrosis, dead bottom and other diseases. Every 25 ~ 30 days, we will conduct/kloc-0 disease tests in universities or scientific research institutes with testing conditions, so as to achieve prevention first, early treatment and early control. Control measures should be taken in time once diseases are found or shrimps are detected to carry viruses or germs. Try to disinfect water regularly. Dibromohydantoin, bromochlorohydantoin, etc. Generally used for preventive water disinfection, the dosage is 0.15×10× e-6 ~ 0.3×10× e-6 concentration/time, and the interval is 10d. Therapeutic water disinfection, povidone-iodine complex (dosage 0.2× 10× e-6 concentration/time), Shuidujing (compound quaternary ammonium salt, iodine, dosage 0.15×/0× e-6 ~ 0.3×/kloc-0. When using disinfectant, the aerator should be started or used at the same time, and it cannot be used at the same time with microbial agents; Keep the pond water stable and fresh, and increase dissolved oxygen (mechanical aeration and chemical aeration, etc.). ) make the water body in an oxygen-enriched state (DO > 6 mg/L) in various ways, thus reducing the incidence of virus diseases of prawn; Use immune enhancers regularly to improve the immunity of prawns. Immunopolysaccharide (65438+ 0 ‰ ~ 3 ‰ of the feed amount) can be added to the feed for a long time, and highly stable vitamin C (3 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ of the feed amount) and allicin (2% of the feed amount, wrapped with egg white) can be added to the feed at high temperature; Chinese herbal medicines that protect the liver can be used frequently to enhance the disease resistance of prawns. In the middle and late stage of shrimp culture, 200 ~ 300 shrimps must be randomly sampled around the pond every 3 ~ 5 days to observe whether it is normal. When prawns suddenly increase or decrease their feed, when the climate changes suddenly, such as after heavy rain and windy weather, after entering the water or changing the water, etc. It is necessary to use rotary net for sampling inspection as soon as possible. 5. Prevent prawns from floating to avoid flooding the pond. In the hot season, we should patrol the pond every morning and evening to observe the growth activities and residual bait of prawns and determine the variety and quantity of bait to be fed that day. At midnight and before dawn, the oxygen in the shrimp pond water drops to the lowest point, which is the most dangerous time for the floating head of prawns to die. If the phenomenon of floating head of brown shrimp, white shrimp and small miscellaneous fish is found (this is a sign of floating head of shrimp), it is necessary to start the aerator or change the water in time. The high temperature of water body is easy to cause water bloom (diatom: the optimum water temperature is 23 ~ 30℃, and it is easy to cause water bloom when it exceeds 30℃; Green algae: the optimum water temperature is 25 ~ 33℃, and it is easy to cause algae bloom when it exceeds 33℃. Inverted algae can easily lead to poor water quality and lack of oxygen, resulting in reduced stress, vitality and immunity of shrimp, easy invasion of viruses and easy infection of diseases. Especially during the sudden rainstorm, the surface temperature of the water body drops sharply while the bottom temperature is still high, which leads to convection between the upper and lower water layers, bringing the organic matter with low dissolved oxygen in the water body and bottom to the water surface, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter, consuming oxygen in the water, and generating a large number of harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas. A large number of phytoplankton died in the pond, and the water quality changed from high-fat water to severe hypoxia, which seriously deteriorated the water quality, causing prawns to float up seriously and causing a large number of deaths. Once it happens, the following methods can be adopted: 4 kg of salt per mu is mixed with water and spread all over the pool; Mix alum 1kg and appropriate amount of water per mu and sprinkle it on the whole pond; Dissolve 5 kilograms of quicklime per mu into slurry and sprinkle it in the whole pond; After 3 days, the mud was mixed with Bacillus subtilis and poured into the bottom of the pond. Open more oxygen machines or spray oxygen-increasing preparations to prevent shrimp from hypoxia.