Control methods of several main tomato diseases and insect pests

Prevention and control methods:

① Rotation: rotation with non-Solanaceae crops for more than 3 years;

(2) In addition to the disease and disability, remove the diseased leaves and fruits in time during the onset season and bury them deeply, and remove the disease and disability in time after harvest;

③ Cultivation prevention: strengthen field management, improve plant disease resistance, water easily in sunny days, and prevent flooding. After irrigation, outdoor air should be released in time to eliminate moisture, reasonable close planting, timely pruning and crossing, removing old leaves under plants, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, and increasing air release under the premise of ensuring humidity;

④ Chemical control: at the initial stage of the disease, spray 72% prometryne wettable powder diluted by 800- 1000 times, and spray 1 time every 7-1day for 3-4 consecutive times.

2. Virus disease

Prevention and control methods:

① selecting disease-resistant hybrid varieties;

(2) selecting disease-free seeds, and sterilizing the seeds before sowing;

(3) Scientific management, cultivating strong seedlings, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promoting the growth and health of plants, thus improving disease resistance;

④ Prevention and control of aphids. In order to prevent aphids from spreading virus, 2.5% chlorpyrifos-free EC 1000- 1500 times solution or 4% Jian Zhu EC 1000- 1500 times solution can be used for spraying and killing.

⑤ Chemical control: Before or at the onset of the disease, 40% Kedubao soluble powder 1000 times can be sprayed every 7- 10 days for 2-3 times continuously.

3. Bacterial wilt disease

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Breeding and replanting improved varieties with disease resistance and high yield according to local conditions;

(2) crop rotation should be carried out in the seriously ill areas and fields, and it is best to carry out paddy-upland crop rotation with rice;

③ Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Improve the irrigation and drainage system, cultivate in high ridges and deep ditches to prevent flooding and irrigation;

(4) strengthen the inspection at the beginning of fruit, once the diseased plants are found, immediately pull them out, collect and burn them, spray 800 times 77% chlorhexidine to the diseased areas and nearby plants to get the suspending agent, or sweep 800 times the solution for more than two times, once every 7- 10 day, first dense and then sparse, and thoroughly drench them (more than 200-500ml/ plant).

Extended data:

Sowing mode

1, sowing amount

Generally speaking, tomato seeds contain about 300 seeds per gram. According to the planting density, the amount of seeds used in a field of 667 square meters is generally 20-30 grams. Each square meter of seedbed can sow 10- 15g. If the germination rate of seeds is lower than 85%, the sowing amount should be increased appropriately.

2. Sowing date

According to the planting season, climatic conditions, cultivation methods, seedling facilities and other factors, determine the appropriate sowing date. For example, in spring open cultivation, Beijing usually sows seedlings from mid-February to early March. Planting in the open field in autumn, such as Shanghai and Nanjing in the south of the Yangtze River, has the best effect from late July to early August; However, the yield of sowing in early July in eastern Sichuan is higher.

The output is also high. In some areas where tomato diseases occur seriously, higher yield can also be obtained by appropriately delaying sowing date 1-2 months, and then taking measures such as close planting, early coring and increasing fertilizer and water.

3. Sowing method

There are usually broadcast, broadcast, and on-demand. Immediately after sowing, cover the soil with sieved fine soil. The covering thickness is about 0.8- 1.0 cm, and the thickness should be consistent. After sowing, 8 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per square meter of seedbed was mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the bed surface to prevent seedling damping-off.

In winter and spring, seedbeds should be covered with plastic film. In summer and autumn, the bed surface of seedbed should be covered with sunshade net or straw. When 70% of seedlings are covered with soil, the cover should be removed.

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