Summary of important knowledge points in the first volume of geography grade seven

Geography is one of the compulsory subjects in junior high school, so what are the important knowledge points of geography in grade seven? Next, I compiled a summary of the important knowledge points in the first volume of the seventh grade geography for you. Let's have a look.

Important knowledge points in the first volume of seventh grade geography: the earth and the map

1. The shape and size of the earth

The earth is an irregular sphere.

(2) Portuguese navigator Magellan led the fleet to realize the first human voyage around the earth.

③ The earth has a surface area of 5 1 10,000 square kilometers, a maximum circumference of 40,000 kilometers, an equatorial radius of 6,378 kilometers, a polar radius of 6,357 kilometers and an average radius of 637 1 kilometer.

2. Weft and warp yarns

Latitude: a circle perpendicular to the earth's axis and surrounding the earth.

Latitude varies in length, and the equator is the largest latitude circle.

② Meridian: a semicircle connecting the north and south poles and intersecting the latitude vertically. The warp is equal in length.

3. Latitude and longitude

① Latitude variation law: from equator (0? Latitude) to the South Pole and the North Pole. The maximum latitude is 90 degrees, at the South Pole and the North Pole.

(2) The latitude north of the equator is called north latitude, which is represented by "n"; The latitude south of the equator is called the southern latitude, which is represented by "S".

③ Divide the earth into two hemispheres, with the northern hemisphere in the north and the southern hemisphere in the south, with the equator as the boundary.

④ Longitude variation law: from the prime meridian (0? Meridian) increases from west to east to 180? .

⑤ The longitude east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, which is represented by "E"; The longitude west of the prime meridian is called the west longitude, which is expressed by "W".

6. The dividing line between the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere is: 20? w、 160？ E-warping curve circle.

20? W west to 160? E belongs to the western hemisphere (greater than 20? W or greater than 160? e)

20? W east to 160? E belongs to the old hemisphere (less than 20? W or less than 160? e)

Important knowledge points in the first volume of geography grade seven: residents and settlements

1. Population and race

The speed of population growth is determined by birth rate and death rate.

② Natural growth rate = birth rate? Mortality.

③ Population density indicates the degree of population density. Population density generally refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer.

Population (people) in a certain area

Population density (person/km2)

Area of this area (square kilometers)

(4) densely populated areas: coastal plain areas in the middle and low latitudes.

Sparsely populated areas: extremely arid desert areas, rain forest areas with excessively humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all the year round, or high plateaus and mountains.

⑤ Caucasians are mainly distributed in North Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America, East Coast of South America and West Asia.

Yellow people are mainly distributed in eastern Asia, northern North America and northwestern South America.

Black people are mainly distributed in southern Africa and northwest Oceania.

⑥ From the middle of16th century, European colonists began to capture African blacks and sell them to the United States as slaves to make up for the shortage of American labor.

2. World Language and Religion

Chinese is the most widely used language in the world, and English is the most widely used language in the world.

Major language distribution area

China, China

English: Western Europe, North America, South Asia, etc.

Russia Russia

French-speaking France, Central and Southern Africa

Spanish, Spain, many countries in Latin America

Arabic West Asia, North Africa

② _ _ _ _ _, Buddhism and Islam are the three major religions in the world.

③ _ _ _ _ is the religion with the largest number of followers in the world.

(4) Muslims are called Muslims. Islam is also called Islam or Puritanism in China.

(5) church; Islamic mosque; Buddhist temples.

3. Human settlements

Settlement is not only the place where people live, but also the place where people carry out labor production and social activities.

Generally speaking, there are rural settlements first and then urban settlements.

③ The residents in rural residential areas are mainly engaged in farming, grazing, fishing, logging and other production activities. Residents of urban settlements are mainly engaged in industry and service industry.

④ At present, in some plain areas in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, settlements are densely distributed; In mountainous and desert areas, there are few or no settlements.

⑤ Two-story wooden buildings or bamboo buildings (high-legged houses or elevated houses) are common in tropical and rural settlements that are hot and rainy all the year round.

In tropical desert areas, local houses have the characteristics of thick walls and small windows.

Important knowledge points in the first volume of geography grade seven: weather and climate

1. Weather has two important characteristics: weather reflects the atmospheric conditions in a short time; At the same time, the weather in different places may be very different.

2. See Figure 3.4 on page 45 of the textbook for wind direction and wind force.

3. Temperature and its distribution

① The highest temperature in a day appears around 2 pm, and the lowest temperature appears around sunrise.

② In a year, the temperature in the northern hemisphere is the highest in July and the lowest in 65438+ 10.

In a year, the temperature in the southern hemisphere is the lowest in July, and the temperature in the mainland is the highest in 65438+ 10.

③ From the equator to the poles, the temperature gradually decreases.

(4) According to the observation, the temperature drops by about 0.6℃ every time the altitude rises 100 meters.

⑤ Use isotherm diagram to show the horizontal distribution of air temperature.

4. Precipitation and its distribution

① Rain, snow and hail falling from the atmosphere are collectively referred to as precipitation. Rainfall is the main form of precipitation. Fog and dew are not precipitation.

② From the equator to the poles, the general trend is that the annual precipitation decreases gradually.

③ Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland.

④ In temperate regions, there is less precipitation in Chinese mainland and more precipitation in coastal areas.

⑤ The distribution of precipitation is represented by isoprecipitation line graph.

6. The "rain pole" of the world is begging for help; The world's "dry pole" Atacama Desert.

⑦ Usually, there is more precipitation on windward slopes and less precipitation on leeward slopes in mountainous areas.

4. World climate

(1) Climate is the average weather condition of a place for many years, and generally it doesn't change much.

② See page 58 of the textbook for the world climate distribution map.

③ Near the equator (tropical rain forest climate); Polar regions (frigid climate); The east coast of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer (subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate); The west coast of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer (tropical desert climate); Mid-latitude inland areas (temperate continental climate).

④ Climatic characteristics of tropical rain forest: high temperature and rainy all year round; Mediterranean climate features: less rain in high temperature period and more rain in low temperature period.

⑤ The main factors that affect the climate are latitude, land and sea, topography, temperature and precipitation.

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