What are the characteristics of temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, temperate maritime climate and temperate grassland climate?

Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is cold and dry. It is very hot in Leng Xia in winter, and it is also very hot when it rains.

Temperate monsoon climate; The temperature is below 0 degrees in winter, and the temperate monsoon climate is the most in summer.

In winter, influenced by the north wind from the high latitude inland, the polar continental air mass prevails here, which is cold and dry.

In summer, influenced by polar ocean air mass or denatured tropical ocean air mass, southeast wind and southeast wind prevail, with warm, hot and rainy seasons. The annual precipitation is about 1000mm, about two thirds of which is concentrated in summer (hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter).

The four seasons are distinct, and the direction of winter and summer monsoon changes obviously.

Temperate continental climate

It is hot in Leng Xia in winter, and the annual temperature difference is large. Precipitation is concentrated in summer, with four distinct seasons and little annual rainfall.

Because it is far away from the ocean, the humid climate is difficult to reach, so it is dry and rainy, and the climate is extremely temperate grassland continental. The annual and monthly temperature difference is the highest among all climate types. Moreover, the closer to the center of the mainland, the drier it is, the greater the annual and daily temperature difference, and the transition of vegetation from forest to grassland and desert.

In short: summer is short and hot, winter is long and cold, and there is little precipitation all year round, mainly in summer.

Temperate marine climate

It is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the annual temperature difference is small.

The closer the maritime climate zone is to the ocean, the stronger the maritime climate. Especially in winter, because there is a warm temperate maritime climate along the coast, the west wind blows from the warm sea surface, and the airflow is warm and humid, so the winter temperature is much warmer than that of the continental center and the eastern coast of the mainland at the same latitude. The lowest monthly average temperature is above 0℃. In summer, the water temperature of the warm current is still lower than that of the mainland, and the sea is much cooler than the land. The hottest month temperature affected by the west wind here is below 22℃. Because it is warm in winter and cool in summer here, the annual temperature difference is much smaller than that in other areas of the same latitude.

It rains all year round, with more rain in winter.

There is abundant cyclone rainfall in this area, especially in winter, with more rainy days, but the precipitation intensity is not great. Winter precipitation accounts for a slightly larger proportion of the whole year, and there is no dry season throughout the year. In this paper, the characteristics of temperate maritime climate are summarized in one sentence: there is no cold in winter and no heat in summer.

The annual and daily changes of temperature are very small.

Even on the surface of the ocean, no diurnal variation can be observed. The extreme value of annual variation is generally 1 month later than that of the mainland, such as February in the coldest temperate maritime climate month and August in the warmest month. At high latitudes, Leng Yue may be in March and the hottest month may be in September. Autumn is warmer than spring.

The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform.

There are many days of precipitation, but the intensity is small. There are many clouds and high humidity.

There are storms in tropical waters.

For example, the southwest part of the North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea of China are areas where typhoons are generated and have a strong influence. Tropical storm (including typhoon) is a very important meteorological disaster.

Cloudy weather and high humidity

Most of the mainland areas near the ocean have maritime climate characteristics, and the coastal areas of western Europe are typical maritime climate areas on the mainland.

Temperate grassland climate

Temperate grassland climate is also continental climate, which is the transition zone from forest to desert. The climate is arid and semi-arid, and soil moisture can only be used for the growth of herbs and drought-tolerant crops. The precipitation of temperate grassland is below 400 mm, and the climate of temperate grassland is around 200 ~ 3 mm in most places, mainly in summer, and the precipitation from June to September accounts for 70% ~ 75% of the whole year. The temperature in Leng Xia is very high in winter. The average monthly temperature in China temperate zone is above 20 degrees in summer and below -5 degrees in winter. The annual range exceeds 30. There are many leguminous plants in temperate grassland, which is a good grassland climate in grazing areas with semi-arid to arid continental climate characteristics. It is a transitional type between desert climate and forest climate. It is equivalent to the climate in the climate classification of Keben.

There are differences in grassland climate characteristics in different regions. The temperature in the hay field (or low grassland) near the desert changes greatly, the precipitation is less, and the vegetation (herbs) is sparse and short; The wet grassland (or high grassland) near the forest has little temperature change, more precipitation and dense vegetation (herbs). The average temperature in Leng Yue of the hot grassland outside the low latitude desert is above 0℃. The tropical grassland facing the equator is influenced by the temperate grassland climate of tropical convergent airflow in summer, and the precipitation is mostly in summer; The hot grassland facing the mid-latitude side is affected by extratropical cyclones in winter, and the precipitation is mostly in winter. In the cold grassland around the mid-latitude desert, the average temperature in Leng Yue is below 0℃.