World "hot pole"

At present, the recognized "hot pole" in the world is Basra, located in Iraq in West Asia. Basra, the capital of Basra province in Iraq, is located on the west bank of the Arabian River where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet, 55 kilometers south of the Persian Gulf. It is the largest port and the second largest city in Iraq, with an extreme maximum temperature of 58.8℃. We found that the above-mentioned regions with extremely high temperatures are located in the subtropical region near the Tropic of Cancer, rather than the equatorial region with the largest average solar altitude angle. In other words, whether they can become the "hot pole" of the world climate depends not only on the size of the solar altitude angle, but also on the weather conditions, underlying surface conditions, air movement and other factors.

Near the equator, although the sun's altitude angle is large, the land area is relatively small, controlled by the equatorial low pressure zone, with more updraft, convective rain and cloud rain. At the same time, the underlying surface has dense vegetation, high specific heat and slow temperature rise, which limits the temperature rise near the ground. In subtropical areas, on the one hand, the latitude is low, and the solar altitude angle is relatively large throughout the year, and more solar radiation is obtained. At the same time, it is controlled by subtropical high all the year round, and the downward flow prevails, which is not easy to form clouds and cause rainfall. The climate is dry and sunny, and the weakening effect of clouds on solar radiation is weak.

On the other hand, due to the scarcity of precipitation and arid climate in subtropical areas, the natural zone on the surface is often a tropical desert zone, with sparse vegetation, small physical specific heat and rapid temperature rise, which makes the near-surface temperature high. Through the above analysis, we know that the highest temperature in the world appears in the continental desert area of 20 to 30 degrees north and south latitude, and Basra in Iraq is located at about 30 degrees north latitude, which is the largest desert area in West Asia and North Africa in the world. It is hot in summer every year, with the highest temperature often appearing in July and the average high temperature above 40 degrees. 192 1 year, the highest temperature in the world was measured on July 8, which was

Reason: Basra is located in Iraq, with a typical tropical desert climate, controlled by subtropical high all the year round, and prevailing downward flow. It leads to clear skies, low air humidity and little rainfall in Wan Li. Coupled with the perennial sun exposure, such "hot air" can not be distributed all year round, which is why the temperature has remained high.

The sand in the desert has small specific heat, rapid temperature rise during the day, strong heat storage capacity, and heat is not easily transmitted to the ground.

The northeast trade wind in this area is a sea breeze blowing from the vast Eurasia. The weather is hot and the water vapor content is low, so it can't increase precipitation.