What is climate knowledge?

Climate is the average or statistical state of meteorological elements and weather phenomena for a long time, and the time scale is months, seasons, years, years to hundreds of years. Climate is measured by the characteristics of cold, warm, dry and wet, and is usually characterized by the average value and deviation value of a certain period. The formation of climate is mainly caused by the change of heat.

Climate type

The formation of tropical rain forest climate, tropical grassland climate, tropical desert climate, tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, subtropical Mediterranean climate, subtropical desert climate, subtropical grassland climate, temperate maritime climate, temperate continental climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate broad-leaved forest climate, temperate grassland climate, temperate desert climate, subtropical continental climate, polar tundra climate, polar ice sheet climate and alpine plateau climate.

world map

Qi Rou edited this paragraph in English.

1. Scenario 2. Climate 3. Atmosphere Edit this paragraph.

brief introduction

China is a vast country with tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, temperate and cold temperate climate zones from south to north. The main factors affecting China's climate are geographical latitude and solar radiation, land and sea position and ocean current, topography and atmospheric circulation. The seasonal changes of temperature and precipitation in China are obvious, and most areas are affected by monsoon, with four distinct seasons. Cold wave, typhoon and plum rain are important weather phenomena in China, and their formation and changes constitute the main signs of climate change in China.

Basic explanation

climate

1. [Season]: refers to 24 solar terms and 72 seasons in a year. It also refers to the seasonal climate, and the thick frost began at this time later this year. -Song Luyou, "The Book in the Garden is Eye-catching" 2. [Climate] 3. The weather conditions and weather development in a given area show that the changing atmospheric state is in a palace, and the climate is uneven. -Tang Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu 4. Popular trends or environmental conditions, political climate of a group or a period. [Successful development]: Metaphorically, achievements or achievements cannot become a climate.

detailed description

1. It refers to 24 solar terms and 72 climaxes in a year. Also refers to the season.

climate

Song Gaocheng's "Ji Shuo Li Climate": "The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" Note:' In the past, the Duke of Zhou made a time training, which was scheduled for 24 Qi and divided into 72 phases, so the climate began in Tai Hao and was scheduled for Duke of Zhou. ""The Book in the Garden is Beautiful in the Song Dynasty ":"The climate is late today, and the thick frost will start at this time. "Song Qing Luo Xu:" However, the frost geese call the sky and the autumn flies call the wild, which is also caused by the climate. " 2. refers to the change of clouds and gases. In ancient times, it was often used to predict good luck or bad luck. Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhou Qun: "Learn less from Shu and concentrate on your career ... I often let my slaves watch natural disasters more directly upstairs, and then I saw them, that is, I went upstairs to see them, and I didn't avoid the morning and evening. Therefore, those who have a climate and have nothing to see, with their words. " Jin Shu Yi Chuan Dai Yang: "Kan Qiu, General Xi, Yu Liang Daizhen Wuchang, later introduced the foreign climate." In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan wrote "Notes on Water Classics and Sewage Records": "Cao Zaiwenmu, a county history, recruited Dr. Tai Changcheng to learn about the climate and worship the right corps commander." The frontier fortress in western Liu Tang is popular: "Generals occupy the climate and leave the camp at night." 3. refers to the weather.

climatology

Xie Huilian, a Southern Song Dynasty poet, wrote in his poem "Stone Houses Return to the Lake": "The faint climate changes, and the mountains and rivers contain clear brightness." Su Song Shunqin's "Summer drinks with the same rhyme wins": "Nine summers are bitter and bitter, and the weather is bad. It is very cool when it encounters drought. " Tang Shunzhi's poem "You Zunhua Tangquan" in Ming Dynasty: "The autumn is cold and the climate is very shocking." Wu Zhantai's poem "Lotus Ridge on Tiger Village" in Qing Dynasty: "The mountains are deep and different, and the water flows in April." 4. Metaphor results, achievements and future. Li Yu's Flounder Mouth Method in Qing Dynasty: "Therefore, it took more than 20 years for soldiers to levy, accumulate grass and set food, and it became a climate in thousands of mountains." Mao Dun's Frosty Leaves as Red as February Flowers II: "It has been 20 years since the Reform Movement of 1898. We borrowed from other people's acousto-optic electrification, which is a bit like. However, we have learned laws and regulations, but it is totally out of the question. What is the reason? "5. Refers to the charm and style of calligraphy and painting or poetry. The first product of the ancient paintings of Sheikh in the Southern Dynasties: "The painting style and climate are wonderful. Liang Rongrong's Poems in the Southern Dynasties: "Yi Xi's poems have an elegant climate, which is beyond Wang Yuan's reach. However, they are idle and long-term, they are good and promote. Tang Yuanzhen's Epitaph of Wanzhou Historian Liu Jun: "The words have the spirit of the ancients." Liu Song Ke Zhuang's Preface to Jiangxi Poetry School: "The climate is urgent, so we can't relax. "6. Refers to people's manners. Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi, Zhu Ran: "However, it is no more than seven feet long, with a clear climate and knowledgeable experts. Literati are just military equipment, and the rest are quality. "Tai Ping Guang Ji" (Volume 490) quoted "Dongyang Nightmare Record": "Shi Miao's climate is dumb, and it is taken care of by relatives. Shenqing replied to Six Chapters of a Floating Life: "On New Year's Eve, those who wear cotton gowns and veils don't care about the climate. That is to say, the aborigines have the same facial features, but they look different. "7. seventh grade textbook: climate is the general name of temperature and precipitation in a certain area. Edit the basic concepts of this paragraph.

concept

climate

climate refugees

Climate is the general state of the atmosphere in a certain region of the earth for many years, and it is the comprehensive expression of various weather processes in this period. Various statistics (mean, extreme, probability, etc. Meteorological elements (temperature, precipitation, wind, etc.). ) is the basic basis for expressing climate. Climate is closely related to human society, and many countries have recorded climate phenomena for a long time. During the Spring and Autumn Period in China, the sun shadow was measured by a standard table to determine the season, and there were 24 solar terms and 72 climaxes in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The word climate comes from ancient Greek, which means inclination, meaning that the climate in different places is related to the inclination of the sun's rays. Due to the different distribution of solar radiation on the earth's surface and the different physical processes of different underlying surfaces such as ocean, land, mountains and forests under the action of solar radiation reaching the surface, the climate has obvious regional characteristics besides the temperature distribution in latitude. According to the horizontal scale, climate can be divided into macroclimate, mesoclimate and microclimate. Macroclimate refers to global and regional climate, such as tropical rain forest climate, Mediterranean climate, polar climate and plateau climate. Moderate climate refers to the climate of smaller natural areas, such as forest climate, urban climate, mountain climate and lake climate; Microclimate refers to a small range of climate, such as the atmosphere close to the ground and the climate under a small range of special terrain (such as mountains or valleys). Under the influence of latitude, land and sea distribution, atmospheric circulation, topography, ocean currents and other factors, the world climate can be roughly divided into the following types: tropical rain forest climate: high temperature and rainy, constant throughout the year; Tropical grassland climate: high temperature all year round, divided into dry and wet seasons; Tropical desert climate: high temperature and little rain all year round;

Climate distribution map

Tropical monsoon climate: high temperature all year round, with dry season and rainy season. Subtropical monsoon climate and monsoon humid climate: high temperature and rainy in summer, low temperature and little rain in winter; Mediterranean climate: mild and rainy in winter and hot and rainy in summer; Temperate maritime climate: warm in winter and cool in summer, with small annual temperature difference and even seasonal distribution of annual precipitation; Temperate continental climate: less precipitation, severe cold in winter, extremely hot in summer and large annual temperature difference; Temperate monsoon climate: hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter; Mountain climate: vertical change from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain; Polar tundra climate: winter is long and cold, and summer is short and cool; Climate of polar ice sheet: it is cold all year round. Climate change has an important impact on human beings and natural systems. As ecosystems and human society adapt to today's and not long ago's climate,

climatic resources

Therefore, if these changes make the ecosystem and human society unable to adapt too quickly, it will be difficult for people to cope with these changes. For many developing countries, this may have a very harmful impact on human basic living standards (housing, food, drinking water, health). For all countries, the increasing frequency of extreme weather and climate events will increase the risk of weather disasters. Climate change has both positive and negative impacts on China's economy and society, some of which are actually irreversible, so we should pay more attention to the negative impacts. According to statistics, from 1950 to 2000, especially after 1990, the economic losses caused by meteorological disasters increased sharply. There are two reasons, on the one hand, the increase of extreme weather events, on the other hand, the increase of China's overall economic volume, so the absolute value of economic losses has obviously increased. The impact of climate change on agriculture is negative. It is predicted that by 2030, China's three major crops, rice, corn and wheat, will mainly reduce production except winter wheat. Climate change also has a great impact on water resources. Global warming accelerates the water cycle and increases the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation. Climate change also has an impact on major projects, such as the increase in precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which will lead to an increase in the frequency of geological disasters and have a certain impact on the safe operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In addition, climate change will also affect the Qinghai-Tibet railway and highway, greatly increasing the investment in railway and highway operation and maintenance. Like the whole world, China's climate and environment have also undergone tremendous changes. Climate warming goes far beyond the general climate and environmental problems, and has brought a very serious threat to the economic and social development of China, and this threat will continue and intensify. Scientific and technological circles should pay special attention to climate change, actively take adaptation and mitigation measures, and constantly improve the level and level of climate system, ecology and environmental protection. This is an important content of fully implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious socialist society, and it is also the common aspiration of the government, the public and scientists.

primary factor

The main factors affecting climate are: 1, latitude position. There is more precipitation in the equatorial region, but less precipitation near the poles. Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast. 2. Land and sea location. In temperate regions, there is more precipitation in coastal areas and less precipitation in inland areas. 3. Topographic factors. Usually, there is more precipitation on windward slope, less precipitation on leeward slope and topographic precipitation in mountainous areas. 4. Ocean current factor. Warm current plays a role in warming and humidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the formation of maritime climate in western Europe directly benefits from the warm and humid North Atlantic ocean current. The cold current plays a role in cooling and dehumidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the coastal cold current has played a certain role in the formation of desert environment on the west coast of Australia and the Pacific coast of Peru.

The coldest place in winter and the hottest place in summer in China.

The coldest place in China in winter is Mohe Town, Heilongjiang Province. 65438+ 10 The monthly average temperature is -30.6 degrees. The coldest place has an extreme minimum temperature of MINUS 52.3 degrees. This is the lowest temperature in the existing meteorological records in China. The hottest place in China in summer is Turpan in Xinjiang. The average temperature in July is 33 degrees, so it is called "Huozhou". The extreme maximum temperature there once reached 49.6 degrees. This is the highest value in China's existing meteorological records. The average temperatures in Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing, known as the "three stoves", were 28.6, 29.0 and 28.2 respectively in July. Compared with Turpan in Huozhou, we have to admit defeat. Edit the climate type of this part.

form

Due to the difference of water-heat combination, seasonal distribution of water, or the existence of huge mountains and plateaus, some internal climates in the same climate zone are still different, and several climate types can be further divided. For example, the atmospheric circulation conditions are different, and they all belong to subtropical climate zone. The east coast of Eurasia is monsoon climate type, and the west coast is Mediterranean climate type.

Distribution map of world climate types

tropical rainforest climate

Tropical rain forest climate (also known as equatorial rain forest climate) is characterized by high temperature and rainy all year round. Located on both sides of the equator of all continents, it extends about 5 ~ 10 from south to north, such as the Amazon Plain in South America, the Congo Basin in Africa, the Gulf of Guinea and some islands in Southeast Asia. These areas are located in the equatorial low pressure area, and the airflow is mainly upward, so there are many opportunities for water vapor to condense into rain. It rains all year round, and there is no dry season. The annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm, the monthly precipitation is at least 60 mm, and there are many thunderstorms. The average temperature in each month is 25 ~ 28℃, and the summer is long all year round, with no seasonal change. The annual temperature is generally below 3℃, and the average daily temperature can reach 6 ~ 12℃. In this high temperature and rainy climate all the year round, plants can grow all year round, with diverse tree species and dense vegetation.

Tropical savanna climate

Tropical dry and wet season climate (also known as tropical grassland climate) is characterized by high temperature all the year round, and precipitation is divided into dry season and rainy season. This climate is mainly distributed on both sides of the equatorial rainy climate belt, namely Central America, South America and Africa, which is about 5 ~ 15 north latitude (some extend to 25). Its main characteristics are as follows: First, due to the north-south movement and the alternating influence of equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area, the dry and wet seasons in a year are distinct. When controlled by the equatorial low-pressure belt, the equatorial ocean air mass prevails, with convergent updraft, forming a wet season, wet and rainy, with dense tall grass and shrubs growing everywhere and sparse trees, that is, savanna landscape. When affected by the trade winds, air masses prevail in the tropical continent, resulting in dry season, dry soil, withered grass and deciduous trees. Compared with the equatorial rainy climate, there are at least 1 ~ 2 months of dry season in a year. Secondly, the annual temperature is high, with the characteristics of low latitude and high temperature. The average temperature in Leng Yue is above 16 ~ 18℃. The hottest month appears after the dry season and before the rainy season, so the climate in this area is generally divided into three seasons: dry, hot and rainy. The annual temperature is slightly higher than that in the equatorial rainy climate zone.

tropical desert climate

Tropical arid and semi-arid climate (also known as tropical desert climate) is characterized by high temperature and dryness all year round. It is distributed outside the tropical dry and wet season climate zone, roughly between north latitude 15 ~ 30, and is most widely distributed in North Africa, Southwest Asia and central and western Australia. The tropical arid climate zone is controlled by subtropical high and trade winds all the year round, and the tropical continental air mass prevails, and the airflow sinks, and the hot and dry weather becomes the main feature of this climate. The temperature is high, and it is known as the "hot pole" in the world. There is little precipitation, the annual rainfall is less than 200 mm, and it changes greatly, even it doesn't rain for many years. Strong sunshine and strong evaporation make the climate drier. Tropical semi-arid climate, distributed in the outer edge of tropical arid climate zone, is characterized by: first, the rainy season is short, and the annual precipitation can be increased to 500mm；; Second, the temperature on the high latitude side is not as high as that on the low latitude side.

Tropical monsoon climate

Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperature all year round, and precipitation is divided into dry season and rainy season. Mainly distributed in southern Taiwan Province Province, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Indochina Peninsula, most parts of Indian Peninsula and Philippine Islands; In addition, it is also distributed in the northern coastal zone of the Australian mainland. The annual average temperature is above 20℃, and the highest in Leng Yue is generally above 18℃. The annual precipitation is large, concentrated in summer, which is due to more convective rainfall under the control of equatorial ocean air mass in summer and a large amount of precipitation brought by tropical cyclone transit, resulting in more rain in summer than in tropical dry and wet seasons; On some windward coasts, due to the influence of topography, the summer precipitation even exceeds that in the equatorial rainy climate zone. The annual precipitation is generally above 1, 0,500 ~ 2,000 mm. The tropical monsoon is developed in this area, and the dry and wet seasons are obvious, that is, the northeast wind blows in the northern hemisphere in winter, forming a dry season; In summer, the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean blows (northwest wind blows in the southern hemisphere), which is rich in water vapor and concentrated in precipitation, forming a warm season.

Subtropical monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon humid climate

The subtropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperature and rain in summer and mild and humid in winter. Appearing on the east coast of subtropical continent at 25 ~ 35 north latitude, it is a zone where tropical marine air mass and polar continental air mass alternately control and compete with each other. It is mainly distributed in the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in eastern China, north of tropical monsoon climate, south of Japan and south of Korean Peninsula. It's warm in winter here, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 0℃. Summer is hot, the average temperature in the hottest month is above 22℃, and the temperature changes obviously in seasons with four distinct seasons. The annual precipitation is generally 1, 000 ~ 1, 500mm, which is more in summer, but there is no obvious dry season. Compared with the temperate monsoon climate, the seasonal changes are basically similar, except that the winter temperature is higher and the annual precipitation increases.

Subtropical Mediterranean climate

Subtropical dry summer climate (also known as Mediterranean climate) is characterized by hot and dry summer and mild and rainy winter. Located on the west coast of the continent at subtropical latitude, between 30 and 40, including the Mediterranean coast, California coast, central coast of Chile in South America, southern tip of South Africa and southern tip of Australia. It is a transitional zone between tropical semi-arid climate and temperate maritime climate. These areas are significantly affected by the seasonal displacement of the pressure zone, and the subtropical high controls the airflow in summer, so the temperature is very hot in summer except for the cold current along the western coast of the mainland, and the downward flow is not conducive to clouds and rain, so the climate is dry; Winter is influenced by the west wind, which is mild and humid. The annual rainfall is moderate, ranging from 300 ~ 1 000mm, mainly in winter.

Subtropical desert climate

Subtropical continental arid and semi-arid climate. It is mainly distributed in the subtropical continent, including the Iranian Plateau and Anatoly Plateau in West Asia, the inland plateau in the western United States and Granchako in South America. The formation of arid climate is due to being far away from the sea or being blocked by mountains, and it is difficult for humid airflow to reach. At the same time, it is located in the subtropical zone, with high temperature in summer and mild winter. Semi-arid climate belongs to the type of transition from arid climate to other climate. The vegetation here belongs to desert grassland, usually xerophytes and gramineous plants, and the soil belongs to semi-desert light brown soil.

Subtropical grassland climate

The characteristics are basically the same as those of the savanna, but they are distributed in the subtropical zone.

Temperate maritime climate

Temperate maritime climate: characterized by mild and rainy all year round. Located on the west coast of the mainland, 40 north latitude ~ 60 south latitude. Being in the westerlies all the year round, it is deeply influenced by the ocean air mass, and there is a warm current passing along the coast. There is no cold in winter and no heat in summer. The average temperature in Leng Yue is above 0℃, the hottest month is below 22℃, and the annual and daily temperature difference is small. There is precipitation all year round, especially in autumn and winter. The annual precipitation 1000mm or more, and the windward slope in mountainous areas can reach 2,000 ~ 3,000mm or more. This kind of climate is the most typical in western Europe, with the largest distribution area, and it is also distributed in the corresponding latitudes of the west coast of North and South America, as well as Tasmania and New Zealand in Oceania.

Temperate continental climate

The temperate continental climate is characterized by warm Leng Xia in winter and scarce precipitation. It is distributed in the eastern part of North America (east of west longitude 100) and the eastern part of Eurasia temperate maritime climate zone between 35 and 55 north latitude. This climate is somewhat similar to the temperate monsoon climate in terms of temperature and precipitation, but the seasonal changes of wind direction and wind force are not as obvious as the temperate monsoon climate. Affected by cyclone activity in winter, there is a little more precipitation; There is convective rain in summer, but the concentration of summer rain is not as significant as that of temperate monsoon climate. The weather changes irregularly.

Mid-latitude monsoon climate

The temperate monsoon climate is characterized by high temperature and rain in summer and cold and dry in winter. It appears on the east coast of Eurasia around 35 ~ 55 north latitude, including North China and Northeast China, most of Korea, northern Japan and parts of the Russian Far East. In winter, affected by the northerly winds in high latitudes inland, polar continental air masses prevail, which are cold and dry; In summer, influenced by polar ocean air mass or denatured tropical ocean air mass, southeast wind and southeast wind prevail, with warm, hot and rainy seasons. The annual precipitation is about 65438 0,000 mm, about two thirds of which is concentrated in summer. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year and the weather is changeable. With the increase of latitude, the temperature amplitude in winter and summer increases correspondingly, while the precipitation decreases gradually.

Temperate broad-leaved forest climate

Mainly distributed in western Europe, East Asia and North America. The climate has four distinct seasons, with hot and rainy summers and cold and dry winters. The average temperature in the hottest month is 13-23℃, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is about -6℃. The annual precipitation is 500- 1000 mm. Also known as temperate forest climate.

Temperate grassland climate

Temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate. Also known as temperate climate and temperate grassland climate, they are mainly distributed in the hinterland of Asia and North America, Patagonia Plateau and pampas grassland in South America. This climate zone in Asia and North America is far away from the sea, deep inland, surrounded by mountains and plateaus, and it is difficult for humid ocean air to reach. Temperate continental air masses prevail all the year round, forming a temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate with hot summer and little rain in winter. Generally speaking, the average annual precipitation in arid climate is below 250mm, and the average annual precipitation in semi-arid climate is between 250 and 500 mm. This climate zone in South America is located on the east coast of the continental westerly belt, which is a rain shadow zone, and there are tall Andes mountains on the west coast. The west wind sinks after crossing the mountain, which is warm, dry and rainy, and there is a cold current along the coast, so the air is stable and precipitation is scarce.

Temperate desert climate

Also known as temperate continental arid climate (1), the climate of desert area in the hinterland of temperate continent. Extremely dry, the rainfall is scarce, the annual average precipitation is 200~300mm, and some places even have no rain for many years. It is hot in summer, and the maximum temperature during the day can reach above 50℃; Winter is cold, the average temperature in Leng Yue is below 0℃, and the annual and daily temperature ranges greatly. Less clouds, relatively long sunshine and strong solar radiation. The natural landscape is mostly desert, and there are only a few desert plants in natural plants. The Tarim Basin in Central Asia and China has a desert climate. (2) The temperate semi-arid climate is on the periphery of the arid climate, and the summer temperature is lower than that of the temperate arid climate, and the rainfall is also higher than that of the temperate arid climate.

Subrigid continental climate

Sub-rigid continental climate (also called sub-rigid coniferous forest climate). This kind of climate appears between 50 and 65 north latitude, which is distributed in a strip shape and crosses North America and Eurasia. Specifically, in North America, from Alaska to most parts of Labrador and Newfoundland via Canada; In Eurasia, it starts from Scandinavia in the west (except the south), passes through Finland and the west of the Soviet Union (the south boundary is on the line of Leningrad-Gorky-Sverdlovsk), and reaches the east of the Soviet Union (except the south). The northern part is bounded by the hottest month 10℃ isotherm. The climate in this area is mainly influenced by the polar ocean air mass and the polar continental air mass, which is the source of the polar continental air mass. In winter, there are many opportunities for the Arctic air mass to invade. In warm seasons, tropical continental air masses can sometimes penetrate. The main features of this climate are: the winter is long and cold, the average temperature is below 0℃ for 5 ~ 7 months every year, and the cold weather of -50℃ often occurs; Summer is short and warm, and the monthly average temperature is above 10℃, and the highest temperature can reach 18 ~ 20℃, especially the annual variation. The annual precipitation is generally 300 ~ 600 mm, mainly in summer rain. Due to weak evaporation, the relative humidity is very high.

Arctic tundra climate

Long-term cold climate in polar regions (tundra climate). It is distributed in the northern margin of North America and Eurasia (the south is connected with the continental climate of the sub-cold zone by the hottest month 10℃ isotherm), part of the coast of Greenland and several islands in the Arctic Ocean. In the southern hemisphere, it is distributed in Malvinas Islands, south shetland islands and South Orkney Islands. Its characteristics are: it is winter all year round, the average monthly temperature in a year is between 0 ~1~ April, and the winter is cold and long; The annual precipitation is about 200 ~ 300 mm, mainly snowfall; There is a layer of permafrost on the ground, only lichens, mosses and other low-level plants.

Very cold weather

Polar ice sheet climate. It is distributed in and around the polar regions, including Greenland, several islands in the Arctic Ocean and the ice sheet plateau of the Antarctic continent. This is the birthplace of the ice ocean air mass and the Antarctic air mass. It stays in a state of long night all winter. Although summer is like spring all the year round, the sunshine is oblique and the heat gained is weak, so the climate is cold all the year round, and the temperature in each month is below 0℃. The Antarctic continent has an average annual temperature of -25℃, which is the coldest continent in the world. 1967, the absolute minimum temperature measured by Norwegians was -94.5℃, which was called the "cold pole" in the world. Most of the ground is covered with thick ice and snow, and there are many cold storms, which make it difficult for plants to grow.

Alpine plateau climate

Mainly distributed in the Himalayas, Pamirs and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Asia, Cordillera Mountains in North and South America, Alps in Europe and Kilimanjaro in Africa. Because the climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation change vertically with the altitude of the terrain, a vertical climate zone structure is formed. Different mountains or plateaus have different climatic zone structures, that is, the same mountain or plateau often has different vertical climatic zone structures due to the differences in its internal slope direction, height and position. Third, the current climate problem At present, climate change is not a problem of a certain country or region, but a global problem. We should have a unified understanding from the following four aspects: First, climate change is a global problem, which needs the cooperation of the whole world to protect our homeland. Developed countries should take the lead in reducing emissions and fulfill their commitments of technology transfer and financial support to developing countries. Second, climate change is fundamentally a development issue. We should coordinate economic growth, social development and environmental protection, and establish a production and consumption model that meets the requirements of sustainable development. Efforts to deal with climate change should promote rather than hinder countries, especially developing countries, to develop their economies and eliminate poverty. Third, technological progress plays a decisive role in slowing down and adapting to climate change. The international community should increase capital investment, expand information exchange, strengthen cooperation in technological innovation, popularization and utilization, and improve its ability to cope with climate change. Fourth, climate change is the most concerned issue for developing countries, and it is also an important content to meet the challenge of climate change. Developed countries should actively help developing countries improve their resilience and enhance their ability to cope with climate disasters. Edit the difference between weather and climate in this paragraph.

Weather refers to a relatively rapid change of heat and cold or a temporary state of heat and cold. Climate refers to general weather conditions or major weather conditions that exist for a long time. It is very important to distinguish the differences between them, because they have different effects on human behavior. Secondly, it is more difficult to control some cultural and social factors by studying the influence of weather on people than by studying the influence of climate on people.