Ethnic minority species in Xishuangbanna

According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, there are 44 ethnic minorities in Xishuangbanna, with a total population of 704,000, accounting for 70.90% of the total population, except Han nationality. These 44 ethnic minorities are Dai, Hani, Yi, Lahu, Bulang, Jinuo, Yao, Miao, Bai, Hui, Wa, Zhuang, Buyi, Tujia, Mongolian, Wa, Dong, Naxi, Manchu and Jingpo.

(by population) 2. The situation of indigenous people in Xishuangbanna. The indigenous people in our state are defined as people who have lived in our state for about 100 years and have concentrated settlements. According to the survey, there are 13 indigenous peoples in our state, including Dai, Han, Hani, Yi, Lahu, Bulang, Jino, Yao, Miao, Hui, Wa, Zhuang and Jingpo. In addition to the Han nationality, there are 12 indigenous minorities in our state.

(1) Dai Xishuangbanna Dai population is 296,930, including Jinghong City128,415, Menghai County 1 14593 and Mengla County 53922. Mainly distributed in Jingne Township, Wangmeng Township, Mengyang Town, puwen town, gasa town, Menglong Town and Hanmeng Town of Jinghong City; Mengmeng Township, Mengsong Township, Mengzhe Town, Menghai Town, Menghun Town and Luoda Town of Menghai County; Mengla Town, Shang Yong Town, Menglun Town, Mengman Town, Mengban Town and Mengpeng Town in Mengla County. Others are scattered in Jingha Township of Jinghong City and Mengman Town of Menghai County. Dai people in Xishuangbanna are mainly Dai Ling (called Dai by Han people), and there are two branches of Dai Ne (called Dai by Han people) and Huayao Dai by Han people.

Dai nationality originated from Baiyue nationality in ancient times. According to Dai books, around the 8th century BC, some overseas Dai ancestors moved to Xishuangbanna and gradually merged with the aborigines, becoming the main part of the Dai people.

(2) The population of Hani nationality in Xishuangbanna is 186067, including Jinghong City 7 1492, Menghai County 6 1232 and Mengla County 53343. Mainly distributed in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, concentrated in Gelanghe Township and Xiding Township of Menghai County; Jingha Township and Menglong Town, Jinghong City; Mengrun Township and Guanlei Town, Mengla County. Scattered in some towns and farms. Hani people call themselves Hani, Kaduo, Yani, Hongyi, Baihong, Bjor and Budu.

Hani people in Xishuangbanna are divided into several branches, such as Jiwei, Jizuo, Damu, Ake and Buguo (Horn), among which Jiwei and Jizuo have a large population. Hani nationality originated from Qiang nationality in ancient northwest China. In the 7th-8th century AD, the Hani people lived on both sides of the middle reaches of the Red River, moved south in the middle of the 9th century AD, entered Xishuangbanna through Yuanjiang and Jiangcheng, crossed the Lancang River, and gradually distributed in the mountainous areas of Quanzhou.

(3) The total population of Yi people in Xishuangbanna is 55,772. Among them, there are 24,673 people in Jinghong City, 7 175 people in Menghai County and 23,924 people in Mengla County. Mainly distributed in Xiangming Township, Yiwu Township, Mengban Town and Puwen Town of Jinghong County. The Yi people in Xishuangbanna call themselves La Lupo (meaning Yi or Nation), and he calls them xiang tang, Zi and Zi. The Yi nationality originated from the nomadic Bianqiang tribe in the northwest of ancient China, and it is a fusion of long-term cultural integration and physical hybridization between the northern Qiang and Rong tribes and the southern indigenous people. In Qing Dynasty, the Lalu branch of Yi ancestors moved to Xinping and Jinggu. Later, due to the war, Jinggu moved to Xishuangbanna via Simao.

(IV) Lahu Nationality The total population of Lahu nationality in Xishuangbanna is 55,548. Among them, Jinghong City 1 1780 people, Menghai County 4 1924 people and Mengla County 1844 people. Mainly distributed in Mengga Township, Wangmeng Township and Mengman Town of Menghai County, and some scattered in Xiding Township, Mengsong Township, Gelanghe Township, Brown Mountain Township, Menghun Town, Menglong Town of Jinghong City and Shang Yong Town of Mengla County. Lahu people call themselves Lahu people, and they call themselves Luohei, Kufu, Myanmar and Mushe. After liberation, it was named Lahu nationality. Lahu nationality originated from the ancient Qiang nationality.

/kloc-in the 0 th century, they moved south to Xishuangbanna and Simao, and most of the Lahu people in Xishuangbanna moved from Lancang County. (5) The total population of Bulang nationality in Xishuangbanna is 36,453, including 5,635 Jinghong, 30,605 Menghai and 2 13 Mengla. Mainly distributed in Brown Mountain Township, Xiding Township, Mengman Town and Luoda Town of Menghai County, and a few scattered in Dadugang Township, Mengyang Town, Menglong Town, Guanlei Town and Mengpeng Town of Jinghong City.

The Bulang people in Xishuangbanna call themselves Bulang people, the Han people call them Puman, and the Dai people call them Man. After liberation, they were collectively called Bulang nationality. Bulang nationality originated from Gupu people and is an indigenous people in Yunnan. After long-term ethnic migration and tribal differentiation and integration, some ordinary people who originally lived in Xishuangbanna, Simao, Lincang and other places have developed into the Bulang people today. (VI) Jinuo Nationality The total population of Jinuo nationality in Xishuangbanna is 20 199, including Jinghong City 19250, 52 in Menghai County and 897 in Mengla County.

It is mainly distributed in Buyuan Village Committee in Jinuoshan Township and Wangmeng Township of Jinghong City, but also scattered in Mengyang Town of Jinghong City and Menglun Town of Mengla County. Jinuo people call themselves Jinuo people, which means my uncle's descendants or my uncle's nationality. The origin of Jinuo nationality, on the one hand, is a branch of Bianqiang nationality that migrated from the northwest; Secondly, according to the legend of Jinuo's creation epic and Jinuo's route of sending souls, it is believed that Jinuo's ancestors originated from Jiezhuo Mountain (now Luotuo Laozhai, Jinuo Township, Jinghong City).

According to the Dai language "Lushi", Kan Kan, the ninth generation of Dai people in Xishuangbanna, married a Jinuo woman at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, indicating that Jinuo people lived in Xishuangbanna at that time.

(7) The total population of Yao nationality in Xishuangbanna is18,679, including 2,683 in Jinghong, 0,5944 in Mengla and 52 in Menghai. Mainly distributed in Yaoqu Township, Mengban Town, Yiwu Township, Guanlei Town, Mengman Town, Xiangming Township, Shang Yong Town, Mengla Town and Yao Jia Village Committee of Wangmeng Township.

There is no Yao natural village in Menghai County. Yao people claim to have doors, noodles, Jilimen, Bunu and Lajia. He called them Bapai Yao, Guo, Pangu Yao, Ding, Indigo Yao and Huayao. There are two branches of Yao nationality in Xishuangbanna, namely, Landian Yao and Dingban Yao, which are collectively called Yao. Yao nationality originated in Wu Lingren or Wuxi in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Yao ancestors moved from Gui Xiang to Yunnan, and Wenjing Mountain, Pingbian, Simao and Jiangcheng entered Xishuangbanna.

(8) The total population of Miao people in Xishuangbanna is 1 1037, including Jinghong 2 16 1, Menghai 35 1 and Mengla 8525. There are no Miao villages in Jinghong City and Menghai County, mainly unit staff and migrants. Miao villages are mainly distributed in Mengla County, and two of them are world-famous Miao villages, namely Nalong Village of Mohan Village Committee in Shang Yong Town and Laotao Village of Mo Long Village Committee. * * * There are 1 10 households with 703 people.

The Miao people in that village and Laotaozhai call themselves Bai Miao, and women wear pants. According to Luo Asheng, a 56-year-old man, and Wu Guicai, a 37-year-old village head in Zhazhong, their ancestors moved to Mengla from Guizhou over 200 years ago via Wenshan, Honghe and Simao in Yunnan. After living in Yiwu and Mengban for a while, they moved to the border of Shang Yong. Later, some Miao people moved to Laos, and some gradually moved to their present positions.

(9) The total population of Hui people in Xishuangbanna is 39 1 1, including Jinghong City 16 17, Menghai County 18 17 and Mengla County 477. It is mainly distributed in Jinghong City, Menghai Town and Mengzhe Town of Menghai County, and some of them are scattered in township offices, factories, mines and farms, among which only Menghai Town of Menghai County has villages. It's short for Hui nationality. Hui people in Xishuangbanna are divided into Hui people and Hui people. Hui and Dai languages are called Parsi; Hui Dai, Dai language is called Paxi Dai, that is, Dai in Hui nationality or Hui in Dai nationality. The Hui nationality in Xishuangbanna mainly originated from the intermarriage between Dali Hui businessmen who entered Xishuangbanna for business in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

(10) The Wa population in Xishuangbanna is 3 1 12, including 996 Jinghong, 647 Menghai/kloc-0 and 469 Mengla. There are no Wa stockaded villages in Jinghong City and Mengla County, mainly unit personnel and floating personnel. There are 8 Wa villages in Menghai County, which are the Wa village in Manzao Village Committee (30 Li) of Mengzhe Town, the Wa village in Manzao Village Committee 1 2, the Wa village in Xinzhai, the Manchu village in Menghun Town and the old, middle and new villages in Nongdao Village Committee of Wending Township. Wa people call themselves Wa people.

According to Yan Hate, a 44-year-old from Wacun Village, Mansao Village Committee of Mengzhe Town, his ancestors moved from Lancang and Ximeng. Da Weng, 72, from Manhui Village, Mansao Village Committee, Menghun Town, said that the Wa people came to Menghai with their two brothers under the leadership of Mengyang Class. They once built Yonghong Dazhai on the hill 1 km away from their present address, with a population of 150 households. Because of the plague in the stockade, people scattered everywhere, and then concentrated on building stockades. There are three stockades in Dingxiang Wennuan Village Committee and Nongdao Village, and the sources of Wa people are different. According to Wei Chengzhong, a 66-year-old man in Zhaizhong, his ancestors came from Thailand, and his grandfather's generation also came. There were three. Chen, 65, said that his grandfather's generation had been here and fled from Lancang.

Both old people said that when the older generation came here, there were dense forests and wild animals, so Baya, which was produced by Yang Man, sent the ancestors of the Wa people here to guard the mountains. There is a pond covered with slippery moss where the village is located. Dai people call Wa village Houdao. Wei Chengzhong also made it clear that the Wa people have been here for 288 years, which is recorded in the scriptures. (1 1) The population of Xishuangbanna Zhuang is 2 130, including 752 in Jinghong, 437 in Menghai and 94 1 person in Mengla.

Jinghong City and Menghai County have no stockaded villages of Zhuang nationality, mainly the unit staff and migrants. There are three Zhuang stockaded villages in Mengla County, namely Manbang Village of Manyan Village Committee in Mengban Town, Liman Village of Mengban Village Committee and Sharen Village of Sharen Village Committee in Yaoqu Township. * * * 162 households with 802 people. Zhuang people in Sanzhai, Mengla County call themselves Yang or Dai Yang, and he calls them Sha people. I always thought I was from A Dai before the third census of 1982. After the third census, I belong to Zhuang nationality. According to Bo Yangga, 60, of Manlizhai, and Bo Yuxiang, 70, of Manbang Village, Zhuang people are descendants of Wenjing, Honghe and Yuanyang in Guangxi more than 200 years ago, one of them entered Ude County, Laos, and the other moved to Mengyang. After the war, some Zhuang people in Laos moved to Mengla to establish Manlizhai, and then the Zhuang people raised in Mengyang also moved to Manlizhai. Three years later, Manbangzhai was separated from Manbangzhai, which was refined twice and Xishuangbanna was liberated. Now Man Bangzhai has a history of 130 years.

About 60 years after the separation of Manzhai, Saren Village was separated from Manzhai. 12. Jingpo people in Xishuangbanna 140 people, including 44 Jinghong people, 90 Menghai people and 6 Mengla people. Jinghong City and Mengla County have no Jingpo stockade, which is mainly composed of unit personnel and floating personnel. Menghai Town, Menghai County has only one Jingpo Village, namely Jingpo Village of Mengweng Village Committee. Jingpo Village is a multi-ethnic stockade with 58 households with 268 people, including 9 households of Jingpo nationality on both sides of the village and 6 households of Jingpo nationality/kloc-0.

There are also 26 Han families, 5 Lahu families, 2 Hani families and about 90 Jingpo families. Jingpo people claim to be in Wawa. According to He Sanmei, a 66-year-old from Jingpo Village, Jingpo people moved from Dehong Longchuan to Menghai at the beginning of last century. I heard that the land here is fertile, so I came. Now it may last for nearly a hundred years. Jingpo people have their own language, women keep their own clothes, and their houses are bungalows or buildings in China. Jingpo people believe in primitive religion. In the past, if there was anything in the stockade or at home, we had to kill chickens for sacrifice. They asked Moba to recite the scriptures, and now they don't do these rituals. Jingpo people now celebrate Spring Festival, Torch Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and so on. Three. Cross-b situation

There are eight ethnic minorities in our state, including Dai, Hani, Yi, Lahu, Bulang, Yao, Miao and Zhuang, who live across borders. Among them, the Dai and Hani nationalities border Laos and Myanmar, the Yi, Yao, Miao and Zhuang nationalities border Laos, and the Lahu and Bulang nationalities border Myanmar.