What are Bai Juyi's poems about the four seasons?

Appreciation of Bai Juyi's Four Seasons Poems

Yang Liuzhi ci

In the spring breeze, a tree has thousands of branches, which are softer than gold and silk.

In the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng, no one has ever belonged to that person.

One of the "Xiangshan Summer Resort"

Qingguocao performs the task of undressing and goes down to Xiangshan at night.

It was eighteen miles cold all the way, and I lay in the basket and went back to sleep.

Mujiangsong

A sunset spread in the water, half a river rustled and half a river was red.

Cherish the third night of September, the dew is like a real treasure, and the moon is like a bow.

It snows at night

I was surprised that my pillow was cold, and I saw the window lit up again.

I know it snows heavily at night, and I sometimes hear the sound of bamboo folding.

As the most prolific poet in Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi wrote many poems describing natural scenery all his life. He was always intoxicated by the diverse scenery that can be seen everywhere in nature, from which he felt the beauty of life and cultivated his artistic interest. Here, taking several small poems describing the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter as examples, let us know how great poets look at and appreciate nature from the perspective of an artist.

Look at Yang Liuzhi's Ci first: "A thousand trees in the spring breeze are softer than gold and silk. In the barren garden in the west corner of Yongfeng, no one always belongs to that person. " "Yang Liuzhi" is the song title of Jiaofang in the Tang Dynasty, and its lyrics are in the form of seven-character quatrains, dedicated to singing the praises of willow trees. The first two sentences of this poem describe the graceful willow branches when the spring breeze is rippling, and the last two sentences are about praising things and expressing feelings. Willow was the first to announce the arrival of the spring girl to the world. Therefore, in the works of most poets singing about spring, the figure of willow is always indispensable, and willow leaves the deepest impression on people. The first sentence is a close-up: "A tree has thousands of branches in the spring breeze". The poet only wrote a willow tree, but it is just a tree with thousands of willow branches. Because of the spring breeze, it changed from a static "tree" to. The transformation between the two has produced a wonderful visual effect, that is, although it looks like a tree, countless branches on the tree are held up by the invisible hands of the spring breeze and fluttered in the wind, giving people a feeling of vitality and variety. The second sentence describes the branches of this willow tree in more detail. The spring breeze not only blows the willow branches, but also blows the new buds, which bloom on thousands of willow branches on the tree. Seen from a distance, it is pale yellow, but the slender willow branches are no longer as stiff as in winter, but become soft and abnormal. With the warm breeze, they rise and fall, and in the eyes of poets, they are as charming and submissive as silk tapestries. If we try to follow Bai Juyi's thinking, imagine the scene he showed, an ordinary willow tree, full of vitality under the call of spring. With its softness, it shows the world the beauty of life and sings the arrival of spring. Bai Juyi is not just writing willow, but calling for spring and singing about life, so he can write so full of vitality. No wonder Tang and Song poetry is called "charm still exists".

Surprisingly, however, the author did not continue to praise spring, but made a 180 degree turn, which made the willow sound unfair. "In the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng, no one belongs to that person every day." Yongfeng Square was named after Luoyang Square, the eastern capital of Tang Dynasty. Unexpectedly, such a willow tree full of vitality grows in a desolate and cold environment and has the "western corner" of the west. So even if you are graceful and charming, who can appreciate it and who can pay attention to it? Bai Juyi created such a strong contrast in his poems. What is his intention? Is it just that this lush willow tree is lonely and unappreciated in the beautiful spring, or is it expressing its ambition by borrowing things? Otherwise, it has always caused a lot of speculation and reasoning. Some people think that Bai Juyi is in this song. What's more, some people think that this is Bai Juyi's feeling when he is old and weak, because the singers around him are rich and prosperous. According to Tang Meng's Skill Poems, "Bai Shangshu (Bai Juyi used to be the minister of punishments) sang songs in Su Fan, and prostitutes were good at dancing. He tasted poetry and said,' Cherry Su Fan mouth, willow small waist.' That year was tall and big. This little poem has aroused great repercussions in society. Whether it is written for politics or for the beauty around us seems inconclusive today. But the influence of this poem is really unexpected by the author himself. About this poem, there was a poem "Hehe Poetry" written by Yin Luzhen of Henan Province at that time. The preface said: "There are weeping willows in the southwest corner garden of Yongfeng Square, which are very soft and lush. Bai Shangshu once wrote a poem." Take two branches and plant them in the forbidden garden. It is true that the price of a branch has increased tenfold. "Bai Juyi lived in Tang Wuzong Huichang for two years (AD 842), and later served as an official with the minister of punishments until his death in Huichang for six years. Lu Zhenren lived in Huichang for four years and ruled in Luoyang. Therefore, Bai Juyi wrote this poem in Huichang, probably when he was in his seventies.

Xiangshan Summer Resort is also a poem he wrote when he lived in Luoyang in his later years. The second poem is selected here: "Scarf grass performs the task of undressing, and it is cool in the Xiangshan Mountain in the evening. It' s cold all the way 18, lying in the basket and sleeping. " The ancients said well that his mind is naturally cool, and this poem expresses the artistic conception of looking for a cool world in hot summer. After retirement, Bai Juyi was tired of political worries. There is no more political situation that can make him move his mind. He's just trying to do good. In the fourth year of Huichang (A.D. 844), he deliberately dispersed his family wealth and dredged the Eight Beaches in Longmen to facilitate navigation, so that passing ships no longer had the risks of the past, which became a famous move at that time. He cultivated himself blindly, fasted and recited Buddha, and spent his old age in Xiangshan Villa opposite Longmen, Luoyang. In this poem, I saw the poet wearing a shawl and sandals and a light coat. In the evening, he came down the mountain road and sat in a sedan chair, enjoying the lush vegetation on the roadside mountain and the cool mountain breeze. Where there was a little shadow of hot air, he fell asleep before he knew it, and when he woke up, he found that he had arrived home. The poet's realm was originally a kind of unmoved by foreign things, so with this peace of mind, it is natural to "cool all the way" at any time. Emperor Qianlong commented that this poem is "the north window is high and the pillow is high, uncomfortable." Getting rid of the hot troubles is really enough. " (Poetry and Wine of Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume 26) That's right. When everything is seen through, all the "hot troubles" will not be stuck in my heart. This is Bai Juyi's Fragrant Hills.

Ode to Mujiang is a widely circulated four-line poem, which belongs to his "miscellaneous poems". It describes the charming evening scenery along the coast of Qiu Jiang.

The poem begins with the sunset: "A setting sun is spreading in the water, half river is rustling and half river is red." When the sun goes down, there is not much light and heat. The sun shines, and it is no longer harsh and hot. Quietly sprinkled on the river, it is so pleasing to the eye, soft and bright. The word "Sa" has a special image, because the sunset is close to the horizon, so the light does not directly come down from above. It was taken obliquely to the ground. In order to highlight the characteristics of the sunset shining on the river, the author painstakingly chose the word "shop", which is very gentle and writes the softness of autumn and the tranquility of the sunset. The river flows slowly, and there are tiny waves on the surface. On the waves, dyed red by the sunset. The bottom of the waves, because it is dark, is a kind of turquoise, and the whole river fluctuates with the waves.

The second half of the poem describes the beautiful scene when the moon rises at the beginning of the month: "Poor late September, like a bow." The poet was attracted by the beautiful river scenery in the evening and didn't want to leave for a long time. Who would have thought that this lingering gave him a chance to enjoy the unexpected scenery. "Poverty" is not an adjective expressing sympathy and love, but a lovely meaning. The moon on September 3rd is the first quarter moon, and it rose to the sky very early. The dew fell slightly before you knew it. Because it was silent, the poet didn't notice it at first, but the bright moonlight reflected its arrival. On the grass beside him, dribs and drabs, crystal clear, emitting magical light, turned out to be crystal clear dew. Each one is round and small, how much like that lovely pearl. Zhen Zhen is a pearl. The poet stood on the grass covered with dew and looked up. I found that the moon is particularly bright today. Although it is only the first month, it is like hanging a bow and arrow in a clear sky. All is silent, the dew shines silently, and the moonlight shines silently on the earth. How quiet and peaceful the night is in late autumn and early month. The author has been intoxicated by the scenery of nature since the evening, first by the river in the sunset, and then by the grass reflected in the first month, in the ordinary scenery. On the other hand, poets enjoy rich aesthetic feeling. It is said that he wrote this poem on his way to Hangzhou as a satrap. Due to the increasingly fierce struggle between the DPRK and China, he asked to go abroad. From this poem, we can also feel that his mood of leaving the imperial court is very relaxed. With this mentality, we can naturally appreciate the purity and tranquility of nature.

Of course, the most typical feature of winter is snow. Bai Juyi also wrote many poems related to snow. "Snow at Night" is just one of them. Although its length is short, it is thought-provoking, euphemistic and subtle, with a winding path leading to a secluded place.

"I was shocked, the pillow was cold and the window was bright again." Most of Bai Juyi's poems are easy to understand, and this poem is no exception. When I fall asleep, I feel that the thick quilt can't resist the invasion of cold, and even wake up with cold. I'm surprised. Things tonight are suddenly colder than before. At that time, people didn't have a weather forecast, so they didn't know in advance what the sudden change would be. When I opened my eyes, I found that even the window was much brighter than usual. What is the reason for all this? Of course, the author must ponder in his mind, and the reader is also puzzled by the concept of poetry. In fact, the author has cleverly put the characteristics of snow at night in front of readers. One is that the temperature is lower than usual, so the same quilt covers him, but he feels a chill One is that the light is brighter than usual, because the ground is covered with thick snow, which naturally reflects the light. But since writing a poem, of course, will not be very clear, but will be expressed by thinking in images, so the author wants to present this heavy snow to readers with his own unique expression. The quilt is cold, which is about the feeling details of temperature, and the window is bright, which is about the visual details of light. So just feeling cold and bright does not confirm that it must snow heavily, but the following two sentences accurately capture the special image that only appears when it snows and snows heavily: "When you know that it snows heavily at night, you can smell the sound of bamboo." Bai Juyi is lying in bed, where can he tell that there must be heavy snow outside? I can always hear the sound of heavy snow pressing bamboo branches in my ears. This can definitely prove that my judgment of "knowing the weight of snow" is correct. Moreover, if it is in the daytime and the sound is noisy, you may not hear the subtle sound of bamboo branches being crushed by snow, but the sound is clear at night.

Bai Juyi's poem, which starts with feeling and reasoning, is unique and accurately writes his feelings about the night snow, although he didn't see the snow at all. After reading four poems, each sentence is written as "snow at night", so this topic is also appropriate.

Text/Tian Nanchi