Should roses be kept indoors or outdoors for a long time in winter? What temperature will be better?

Rose cultivation management [planting]

Roses like sunshine, are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant. The soil requirement is not strict, but it grows well in fertile neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage. Roses flourish and are easy to manage. In spring, dilute human and animal urine is poured around the roots, in summer, attention is paid to watering and drainage, and some fertilizers are applied around the roots in autumn. Propagation is mainly carried out by dividing plants, which can be carried out before germination in March or after defoliation in autumn. The rootstock of layering method or grafting method can be Chinese rose or Chinese rose. The survival rate of cutting is not high, and it is only used occasionally. Single rose can also be planted and propagated in spring or autumn.

Selection method of excellent seedlings:

Among the rose seedlings, there are "big seedlings" listed in winter and "new seedlings" listed in spring. For beginners, it will not fail to plant from big seedlings, so I recommend "big seedlings" to beginners. When purchasing seedlings, please ensure the following:

1, there should be 2-3 full branches thicker than pencils.

2. The color of the branches should be slightly brown and shiny.

3, try to touch the branches, to feel strong.

4. Branches and roots are not infected with diseases.

Avoid the following flower seedlings:

They are all seedlings with thin branches, green seedlings with dark branches, and seedlings with weak middle and soft feeling.

In addition, flower roots can be infected with diseases. It is also important to carefully confirm whether there is tumor in the root, complete the label and clearly indicate the variety name.

Training location:

Roses like a cool, sunny environment, and they need at least 6 hours of sunshine every day to produce good quality flowers. Its growth temperature is 15-25℃, which is too high for the growth of roses. Besides, good ventilation is also important. The hot, humid and poorly ventilated environment is easy to make rose plants suffer from various diseases, such as black spot and powdery mildew. At present, there are generally two kinds of cultivation places: gardens and balconies. Gardens are generally planted in sunny places, with at least 2-5 hours of sunshine throughout the morning; Choose a place with good drainage and ventilation; Mix thoroughly with humus or compost before transplanting. Balcony generally takes effective drying measures; Lay curtains, don't put the flowerpot directly on the concrete; In order to prevent the drainage ditch from blocking or leaking, we should also consider living nearby; Leave it in a sunny place for 2-5 hours in the morning.

Use soil:

The soil suitable for rose growth must be loose, well ventilated and well drained. Potted soil can be made of sandy loam, snake sawdust and vermiculite, while roses cultivated in the open field must be planted where there is no water, and the soil should be turned loose before planting. For garden planting, in order to improve the state of garden soil during transplanting, some transplanted places are dug to remove bad soil, and ruby, humus soil, dried cow dung and other substances with granular structure are mixed in the dug places. In places where roses have been planted before, transplanting new roses may worsen the growth and development of roses. In this case, new soil should be replaced. The flowerpot should be planted with red soil mixed with humus and dried cow dung. The proportion of mixed soil is as follows: red loam 60%, humus 20% and dry cow dung 20%. It is easy to use commercially available rose culture soil. You can also use it directly. In order to further improve courage and drainage, if water conservation is mixed with 20-30% ruby soil, the soil can be used to achieve the best state.

Seedling transplantation:

It can be divided into garden transplanting and planting box (flowerpot) transplanting.

The key points of transplanting in the garden are that the flower roots spread evenly around. In addition, when transplanting, never fertilize the soil. After transplanting, the plants should be fully watered, and before the roots are firmly rooted, columns should be erected to support the plants. Preparation supplies include buckets, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, posts, strings, name tags, small shovels, humus (or compost), shovels, etc. The main steps are as follows:

1. Remove the film covering the root. The flower roots are protected by protective materials, such as sphagnum or peat.

2. Carefully remove the protective materials and soil, and perform the operation under the condition of carefully confirming that there is no tumor at the root. Trim about 1/3 of the roots.

3. Put the flower roots into a bucket filled with water and let the roots fully absorb water for 30 minutes-1 hour, but be careful not to leave them for more than 24 hours.

4. Dig a planting pit with a uniform diameter and a depth of about 60 cm, put humus soil or compost into the soil and mix well, then pour it back to the upper part of the newly dug soil.

5. transplant flower seedlings. The key point is: put the flower seedlings in the center of the hole, let the flower roots spread evenly around and spread out as far as possible. Incline slightly downward from the bottom of the plant to stabilize the roots.

6. Cover the extended roots with soil. The soil covered after transplanting flower seedlings can be used to dig the lower part of the soil.

7. Dig ditches and water around the flower seedlings (called ditches or pots). Dig a circle around the flower seedlings.

8. Water the ditch. Don't add water from one place, but water it evenly all over the place.

9. After transplantation, cut off branches about 1/3 long, and cut off twigs, weak branches and dead branches from the bottom.

Key points of transplanting planting box (flowerpot):

When transplanting roses into planting boxes, sufficient space should be reserved between rose seedlings and flower seedlings, and branches should not overlap when transplanting flower seedlings. After transplantation, water enough twice. The preparation work includes: granular soil, culture soil, planting box, basin bottom net, shovel watering can, bucket, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, columns, strings and name labels. The main steps are as follows:

1. transplant about 2 flower seedlings in a planting box with a width of about 60 cm. You can consider using a planting box with a depth of more than 20 cm, which can stretch the roots of roses.

2. Put particles with a depth of about 3-4 cm in the bottom of the planting box, where large-sized ruby soil or commercially available basin bottom stones can be used.

3. Take the flower seedlings out of the net, untie the sphagnum covered with roots and spread the flower roots. Make sure the flower root is infected with the disease.

4. Remove the adhesive tape for root grafting. Please be sure to take off the tape.

5. Decide the position of transplanting flower seedlings. While embossing the seedlings by hand, cover the soil with a shovel.

6. Because the roots are tightly tied, it is necessary to spread the flower roots horizontally while transplanting the flower seedlings.

7. After determining the interval between two flower seedlings, cover them with soil and don't bury them in the soil.

8. Fully water the planting box to level the soil surface, and then fully water it after about 1 hour.

9. Leave 2-3 good branches and cut the twigs from the bottom. Good branches should be trimmed 1/3.

10, completed after the pillar supporting the branch line is erected. Put it in a cool place with improper wind for about 2-3 days. After the roots survive, apply fertilizer such as Hyponex and move to the sunny place.

Watering:

Roses germinate from March to June,165438+1October, and rose buds and flowers bloom one after another. Its driving force is water and nutrients (fertilizer). Especially water, while delivering nutrients to plants, water accounts for the vast majority of living things. So, it's very important. As the source of water supply, the fatter the roots grow, the better the roses grow. Therefore, it is very important to have a large number of leaves on the ground. Potted roses can be watered once every two days in the early stage of growth, and then watered after the soil in the pot is dry before and after flowering. Roses cultivated in the open field can be cooled by spraying water and fog in summer drought, and watering in winter is also necessary.

It is generally believed that hibernating roses do not evaporate the water in their leaves, so there is no need to water them. But in winter, there is little rain, the weather is cold, the water in the soil evaporates from the soil beyond imagination, and the soil becomes quite dry. This situation is very common. So if it continues to be sunny, please water it fully. Rose 65438+ absorbs nutrients from the soil around the end of 10 and grows white roots. If Rhizoma Bletillae is weak due to lack of water, it will have a bad influence on spring germination.

Fully water in the growing season starting in spring. When winter pruning is completed and new buds germinate, the absorption of water will be accelerated. Therefore, once the soil surface becomes dry, it should be fully watered. The key to watering is: "once it is dry, water it fully." Those methods, such as watering the soil even if it is not dry, or watering a small amount of water every day, often lead to excess water, which makes the roots elongate without absorbing water, but become barren and weak, and even cause root rot in serious cases.

Water should be controlled during the flowering of roses. This is the secret of good flowers. Because when the petals are unfolded, if you water them too much, the roses will absorb too much fertilizer and nutrients, and the flowers will not bloom well. If it is ordinary soil, even if the topsoil is dry, it can keep enough water during flowering. Potted roses should also be watered. Once the surface of the basin is dry, water it until the bottom of the basin can flow out. Water carefully. Water once can't make the water reach everywhere evenly. You can do it twice. Try to water it in the morning and evening in summer. If the leaves wither, water them immediately at any time.

Application of fertilizer:

Roses like fertilizer, so organic fertilizer should be added as base fertilizer when planting, and oil meal, bone meal or decomposed fertilizer can be used, and the dosage is 1/4- 1/5 of the soil. After that, topdressing once every half month, weeding can be combined with fertilization, and the soil is slightly loose, which will make the roses grow better. In the winter when roses are dormant, Wang soil is buried with fertilizer. 20-30 cm away from the base of the rose plant, dig a pit 20-40 cm deep around it. It doesn't matter if the root is broken. Adding enough humus soil or compost, and mixing with the soil, each rose is mixed with 500-700g of fermentation fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium of about 1: 3: 1. Don't apply fertilizer in one place, apply fertilizer evenly and don't miss it. In this case, there is no need for special topdressing. Fertilizer applied in summer is half of that in winter. Because roses are in the period of growth and development, don't dig holes as deep as those dug in winter, but scatter them sparsely on the soil surface and mix well with the surrounding soil. If you dig a deep pit, it may damage the root system that absorbs water and nutrients, so pay attention.

When potted, do not mix fertilizer into the transplanted culture soil, but supplement compost. It can be a large granular fertilizer (commercially available) mixed with oil residue and bone meal. If the pot is about 20 cm, it is about three places. Stay as far away from plants as possible and bury the fertilizer at a depth that seems to be buried but not buried. When replacing, take out the old fertilizer and put it in a different place than before.

Copy:

The propagation methods of roses include sowing, grafting, layering, branching and cutting. It is more convenient to use cuttage and ramet method for general family cultivation.

Cutting should be carried out in late autumn and early winter, and strong and full branches should be selected, and slender branches, diseased branches and new branches should not be cut. Each cutting should have at least 3 -4 leaves, and the rest should be removed to reduce evaporation. Put the cuttings in the sand bed, keep the temperature in a bright place and avoid direct sunlight at noon. They can take root in about a month and a half. If the rooting hormone can be used in combination, the rooting rate can be improved and the rooting time can be shortened. The next spring, cuttings can be moved into pots, pots 6 or 7. However, the suitable plant spacing for cultivating roses in the open field is 60cm in the big rotation period, 45cm in the middle rotation period, 25cm in the small rotation period, and the vine species is about 120cm.

Potted roses should be changed every two years, and the new pot is about 6-7cm larger than the old one. When changing pots, the old soil of 1/2- 1/3 should be removed, and some tangled roots should be removed. Here's how roses sprout:

1. After flowering, cut off the leaves and use their teeth as scions.

2. Tooth tip cutting method.

3. Cut a T-joint on the rhizome, and then insert the tooth tip into it.

4, properly fixed with tape. It is suggested that the growth point of rootstock should be removed before the tip of tooth begins to grow.

Pruning: Roses are perennial flowers. In the long growth process, moderate pruning can make plants grow vigorously and maintain beautiful plant shapes. If the branches are not pruned and allowed to grow and age, the flowers will gradually decrease and the plant shape will be quite ugly. Cut the flower branches of the rose to a length of 1/2, and the incision must be flat and 45 parallel to the axillary buds. In addition, dead branches, clustered branches, diseased branches, old branches and twisted branches should also be cut off, and good ventilation should be maintained to maintain a beautiful plant shape. The correct pruning methods of roses are: pruning roses after flowering to maintain good plant shape and growth potential; Cut the flowering branches to the length of 1/2, and cut the dead branches, diseased branches, clustered branches and winding branches together; Moderately pruned roses will grow new branches, which will grow buds and bloom again. The general pruning principles are as follows:

1, fix the clamp with sharp scissors, and the trimming position should be 0.6cm above the bud at an angle of 45.

2. The central part of the rose plant should be fully developed and kept in a bottle shape, which can promote air circulation and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

3. Cut off the diseased branches.

4. Cut off any adventitious buds.

5. Cut off the weak branches and restore the original appearance of the plants.

6. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring, that is, before the growing season.

7. After strong pruning, the number of roses will be less, but the amount of flowers will be huge, while light pruning will spend more and less.

8. The safe limit of pruning is that white appears at the center of the branch. Usually, the brown center indicates dead branches.

Pruning of Flowering Period: By May, roses begin to bloom, and water is poured before flowering, but from 10 day before flowering, if watering is controlled, beautiful flowers will definitely bloom. If the rose is in full bloom, pick that flower early. If the finished flower is left unchecked, it will bear fruit, and nutrients will be absorbed by the fruit, thus delaying the flowering of roses and leading to the weakness of flowers.

Besides, if you let the petals fall to the ground, leave them alone. It will be moldy and cause the rose to get sick, so remove the flower stalk before the petals fall.

For hybrid tea roses with flowers at the stem end, the leaves (5 leaves) should be cut into 1-2 pieces. Cut off the lower leaves, new buds can grow from them, and the second flower will bloom. Many-flowered varieties cut flower stalks from the roots connecting the next bud.

Spring pruning:

Pruning in spring is to produce more beautiful flowers that year. If you insist on a beautiful single flower like a hybrid line, you will cut a single flower at a low position (strong cut), but you want to enjoy a multi-flower series with many flowers. You can cut it to 1/2 high pine (weak cut) before pruning. The order of pruning is: first prune the branchlets from the bottom, and also prune the weak branches and old branches that have been dead for more than 2 years. After cutting off the extra parts, cut the remaining branches short. Roses that bloom all year round are pruned in February in spring, in late August and early September in autumn, and/kloc-0 is pruned twice a year. Roses that bloom only in one season, such as old roses, are only pruned in spring. Spring pruning is carried out in the period when roses are about to grow, even if it is quite short, there is no problem. Climbing roses, English roses and other varieties with trees over 2 meters high do not need special pruning. Just cut off the 10-20CM part at the front of the branch.

Autumn pruning:

From spring to autumn, roses grow thick and the leaves are gradually crowded. If left unchecked, the ventilation conditions will deteriorate, which will easily lead to diseases, so we should be diligent in pruning. The method of pruning is to cut off the twigs (called "inner branches") facing the inside of the plant from the bottom, and also cut off the withered parts if any. In addition, from the end of August to the beginning of September, the four-season flowering varieties can be pruned in autumn, and the branches can be shortened to 2/3 of the height before pruning. Good buds can be selected at this height, and branches can be cut obliquely at the place where the buds are 5mm upward. The key point is to leave as many leaves as possible. Without leaves, the flower shape will become worse, so pay attention. Roses on the ground, or varieties that only bloom in spring, only cut off internal branches or dead branches, and do not trim them in autumn.

Ways to spend the summer:

In summer, when the sun shines directly on the soil, the temperature will rise a lot and the roses will weaken. Therefore, it is necessary to cover the plant base with bark powder or sphagnum to prevent the soil temperature from rising. Mulching can not only adjust the soil temperature, but also prevent the soil from drying and splashing when it rains or watering. In addition, in order not to be exposed to direct sunlight, you can hang a net in the direction of direct sunlight from the afternoon, or set up a square grid frame to wrap plants with strong heat resistance in summer. When planting pots, put the flowerpot in a big circle of pots and make a double pot. In this way, the flowerpot planted with roses will not be exposed to direct sunlight, so the temperature of the pot soil can be prevented from rising. It is also important not to put the flowerpot directly on the concrete. If the branches and leaves are crowded, the ventilation will become worse, which will easily lead to diseases, so we should be diligent in sorting out crowded places.

The method of wintering:

In areas where the temperature will not drop below zero in winter, it is not necessary to take special measures to keep warm by covering with tree bark, sphagnum and sphagnum. Be careful not to frost the roses. The flowerpot or planting box should be moved out of the reach of frost and snow. A small greenhouse can be built on the balcony to keep warm, but in order to avoid sultry inside the greenhouse, it should be ventilated during the day.

Flowering period management: In order to make potted roses bloom large and plentiful, the buds germinated when the seedlings are young should usually be picked as early as possible, and then bloom after the seedlings grow for about half a year. If you want to get bigger flowers, only keep the main buds in each branch and pick the side buds as soon as possible. On the contrary, if there are many lateral buds, there are more flowers but each flower is smaller. In flowering period, applying liquid fertilizer of grass flowers once every 10 day can prolong flowering period.