What are the English names of amber and beeswax?

Amber is a fossil formed by long-term evolution of the resin of ancient Pinaceae plants buried in the stratum. Transparent as crystal, bright as pearl, and colored as agate. The varieties are Jin Po, Insect, Xiangpo, Lingpo, Shipo, Huapo, Shuipo, Mingpo and Wapo. Amber containing intact insects or plants is especially precious. The birth of amber amber was born 40 million to 60 million years ago, belonging to the Eocene in geology. It is a precious turpentine fossil that has undergone qualitative change after high pressure and high heat extrusion of the earth's rock formations. Amber is an amorphous organic semi-precious stone, delicate and light, with a warm and delicate touch. Amber is mostly transparent, and there are many colors, among which yellow is the most common, and there are also red, green and extremely rare blue. Amber was called "Ying" or "Jade Heritage" in ancient China. It is said to be the soul of a tiger, so it is also called "Tiger Spirit". Amber has been regarded as a precious treasure since ancient times, because amber comes from turpentine, and pine trees symbolize longevity in China. Some amber doesn't need to be ignited. A gentle touch can release a charming pine fragrance. It has the effect of calming the nerves and is widely made into religious articles. Since ancient times, people in China have loved pine fragrance and regarded amber and dragon saliva as precious spices. According to Tang Dynasty's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing, after Han proclaimed himself emperor, Zhao became an amber pillow. Milla Beeswax Jump to Navigation Beeswax Data The origin of Beeswax has long been discovered. Beeswax amber not only has jewelry value, but also has special medical value. Beeswax is a prehistoric jungle composed of conifers, pines and firs. Stimulated by sudden weather changes and other natural disasters, it causes self-protection, secretes a large number of transparent and highly viscous gums or resins, and is buried underground or under the sea after the crustal changes, condensing the trajectory of the earth's evolution and absorbing precious mineral elements and incredible aura. About 30 million to 90 million years later, resin fossils were formed. Geological research shows that many coniferous plants, such as conifers and maples, grew on the earth in Eocene and Cretaceous from 30 million to/kloc-0.0 billion years ago. These trees were attacked by strong grease in a certain geological period, and a large amount of grease was secreted and fell to the ground, and they were buried deep underground with the change of geological layer. After more than 30 million years of formation pressure and heat, these fatty liquids were petrified into beeswax mines. Geological research also shows that beeswax was first formed in Cretaceous about 1 100 million years ago, and was formed in Miocene about 20 million years ago at the latest. The beeswax formed in Miocene is already very soft (Dominican beeswax is one of them). Later, due to the sharp decline of coniferous forests, the lack of petrochemical time and the gradual stability of stratigraphic movement, the formation of beeswax became less and less. And the ancients said: "A thousand years of amber, a million years of beeswax" is wrong. The producing areas of beeswax are Dominica, Iran, Morocco, South Africa, Myanmar, Sicily, Baltic Sea, Afghanistan, Romania, Poland, Pakistan, Bhutan, Denmark and Thailand. Russia, Japan, Canada, South Korea and Spain mainly produce natural resins. Beeswax is magically buried underground or under the sea. After the ups and downs of the earth's crust, the sun and rain, and the impact of glaciers and rivers, it has concentrated the trajectory of the earth's evolution, absorbed precious mineral elements and incredible aura, and formed its wonderful function of benefiting the human body. In ancient China, the efficacy of beeswax and amber was recorded. In the Tang Dynasty, a pregnant woman died suddenly after giving birth, and the drug king Sun Simiao happened to pass by. He saw blood dripping from the crack of the coffin and concluded that the man was still alive and could be saved. Then his family smoked the nostrils of the deceased with "safflower" first, and then used the "magic medicine" beeswax amber for first aid. After a while, the dead man woke up and groaned. As a Chinese herbal medicine in Guiyang, beeswax amber has long been known to doctors. According to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, honeymoon wax amber smells sweet and non-toxic, which can soothe the five internal organs, calm the soul and kill evil spirits; Eliminating stranguria, treating toxin, breaking knot, stopping bleeding, promoting granulation, preventing miscarriage, strengthening heart, improving eyesight, relieving heartache and epilepsy; Has the functions of nourishing the heart, calming the nerves, breaking blood and producing sperm; Holding the handle often can drive away poison and keep warm. Wearing it can prevent thyroid gland, ignite, purify space and ward off evil spirits. It is one of the five treasures of traditional Chinese medicine. According to new traditional chinese medicine Dictionary and Materia Medica Seeking Truth, beeswax amber can dispel wind, dredge meridians such as heart, liver, small intestine and lung, soothe the nerves, and treat insomnia, asthma and rheumatism, which is widely used. "Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing" praised: "Amber has a calm mind, which can dispel blood stasis and relieve stranguria, and can prevent convulsion, epilepsy, insomnia, blood stasis, abdominal pain and dysuria." Beeswax amber is also one of the seven treasures of Buddhism. In Hua Yan Jing, Hokkekyo, Tantric Scriptures, etc., the Buddhas are often worshipped with beeswax amber to show the unity of heart and Buddha. It can also be used for meditation, taking six dusts and cleaning six roots. It is well known that the magnetic field of beeswax amber can eliminate negative sexual function, absorb the residual pathogenic gas in the body, dredge the pulse, purify the magnetic field and protect the body from evil spirits. The Jing of the King of Spirits says, "After Pei Zhi's death, all evil spirits will not haunt him.". In the west, beeswax amber has been regarded as one of the medical treasures since ancient times. The ancient Greeks believed that beeswax amber was buried under the sea for thousands of years, and its essence was absorbed into beeswax amber, so it contained a lot of iodine. Wearing a headdress made of beeswax amber is of great benefit to the treatment and prevention of goiter. The Greeks believed that beeswax amber had "protective" and medical functions. Amber and beeswax not only contain sulfur and carbon, but also have the characteristics of triboelectrification, so the Greeks call them "electrogold". Contact with different people's magnetic fields will produce different effects, so some people who practice Qigong attach great importance to beeswax amber.

amber

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Amber is a fossil formed by long-term evolution of the resin of ancient Pinaceae plants buried in the stratum. Transparent as crystal, bright as pearl, and colored as agate. The varieties are Jin Po, Insect, Xiangpo, Lingpo, Shipo, Huapo, Shuipo, Mingpo and Wapo. Especially amber containing intact insects or plants is precious. The birth of amber amber was born 40 million to 60 million years ago, belonging to the Eocene in geology. It is a precious turpentine fossil that has undergone qualitative change after high pressure and high heat extrusion of the earth's rock formations. Amber is an amorphous organic semi-precious stone, delicate and light, with a warm and delicate touch. Amber is mostly transparent, and there are many colors, among which yellow is the most common, and there are also red, green and extremely rare blue. Amber was called "Ying" or "Jade Heritage" in ancient China. It is said to be the soul of a tiger, so it is also called "Tiger Spirit". Amber has been regarded as a precious treasure since ancient times, because amber comes from turpentine, and pine trees symbolize longevity in China. Some amber doesn't need to be ignited. A gentle touch can release a charming pine fragrance. It has the effect of calming the nerves and is widely made into religious articles. Since ancient times, people in China have loved pine fragrance and regarded amber and dragon saliva as precious spices. According to Tang Dynasty's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing, after Han proclaimed himself emperor, Zhao became an amber pillow. Amber In the past BC 1600 years later, residents along the Baltic Sea traded tin and amber as currency with tribes in the southern region in exchange for bronze weapons or other tools. In 2000 BC, the Mycenae, Phoenicians and Etruscans in Central Europe formed the commercial network of amber (note: Etruscan is an ancient country in western Italy). At the same time, Baltic amber spread to the east coast of the Mediterranean via the Aegean Sea. Archaeologists excavated bottles and jars of Mycenae civilization in ancient Greece in Syria and found amber necklaces in the Baltic Sea. In the fifth century BC, the Romans made an expedition to the Baltic Sea to look for amber, and the amber trade reached an unprecedented grand occasion during this period. In the Middle Ages, Baltic amber was popular for its religious use. In the East, amber is also cherished by all ethnic groups, especially people from * * *, Persia, Turkey and China. Amber's hometown Amber's most famous mineral sources are distributed in the coastal areas of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland and the Soviet Union, commonly known as Baltic amber. The amber in this area is buried in the stratum 100 to 300 feet below the surface, which is called blue soil. At present, the largest amber mining area in the world belongs to the Polish Sammland mining area. However, only 15% of amber mines in Sammland mining area can be processed into amber ornaments after removing weeds and preserving the essence. In addition to amber mines with blue mud, amber along the Baltic Sea is also famous. This kind of amber is called "sea amber" because it is suspended in seawater, which is different from mine amber buried deep in the stratum. Haiper usually floats in the sea within 50 miles from the coastline, and it can be found as far away as Britain and France. The origin of amber recorded in ancient books in China is Hanbangu [Han Shu. Biography of the Western Regions, Daqin in Kashmir (present-day Italy), Jin Ailao in China, Zhang Hua [Natural History. Volume 4 "Fairy Quotations"), Yongchang, Yizhou [now Baoshan County, Yunnan Province], Nanzhao, Huanyusong, and Zhao (Zhu Zhi) in the Tang Dynasty ate amber. Shipped to Sanfo, Qi Guoming, Cao Zhao [on Gegu], Nanfan, Xifan, Korea, Japan, Sumatra, Japan, Tribute, Qing, Xu Xilin [Xi Chao Xin Yu], Miyachi Boqing, Netherlands, Qu Dajun [Guangdong Xin Yu], Yunnan and the early years of the Republic of China. "Poetic elegance" refers to "Huayang National Records" in Bohai Sea. The first is sea amber); It is alluvial from the seabed to the coast; The second is pit amber); Mined from the stratum; The third kind, called Amber Lake, is the original amber ore in the valley. It rained for a long time, and it peeled off from the rock and entered the lake downstream with the stream. Among them, the amount of lake amber is the least, and the quality of mine amber is the best. Haipo, also known as sea stone, was originally an amber ore deposited in the sea layer or attached to the coastal rock wall, which was washed into the sea by seawater for years. This kind of amber is often entangled with seaweed, so fishermen use fishing nets to salvage it. /kloc-Haiper prevailed in the Baltic Sea in the 0 th and 9 th centuries. Due to years of seawater erosion, it has formed a polished appearance and its quality has also been affected. The most famous Haiper is produced in Germany and Poland. In fact, the word amber comes from * * *, which means "floating on the sea". Mineral pearls are directly collected from the blue mud in the stratum, unlike Haipo, which will be eroded by seawater, so they remain original. As for amber, it may have stopped mining because of scarcity. Electrical properties of amber Amber is called "electron" in Greek, because it can generate static electricity through friction, so amber is also translated as "calcium carbide". As early as 400 BC, the phenomenon of "triboelectricity" of amber puzzled Plato and Aristotle, and it added a bit of mystery to amber because it could not be explained reasonably at that time. China ancient books also recorded many electrostatic effects of amber. In the book Lun Heng written by Wang Chong in the later Han Dynasty, it was recorded that "a magnet leads a needle", and "Dunmou" refers to amber. Volume 7 of Jin's "Wang Jia" mentioned that a pair of amber birds were placed in a quiet room and sang indoors. I'm afraid the ancients exaggerated the facts, but being able to sing should belong to the role of amber electrostatic friction. The fourth volume of Hanshu Guo Xian [Cave Ghost] narrates that "Fortunately, Li Juan, the imperial secretary, wears amber and hides it in his clothes, singing in the clouds. This is also an example of static electricity generated by rubbing amber. The Influence of Temperature on Amber Some amber can release a charming pine fragrance without igniting and burning, with only a touch. This amber is called "rosin amber" in Chinese. Since ancient times, people in China have loved rosin, and amber and dragon saliva are also regarded as precious spices. According to Tang Dynasty's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing, after the Han Dynasty became emperor, Zhao used an amber pillow to absorb incense. At present, Taiwan Province Province is still processing rosin amber, most of which are enshrined in Buddhist temples, seeking its calming and qualitative effects. During the Roman Empire, western women often held rosin and amber, emitting body temperature amber rosin. These are all examples of using amber rosin. (Note: Long Xianxiang is a kind of gray secretion in whale intestines, which floats on the sea surface and can be made into top spices. ) at room temperature, the temperature changes and friction release a charming pine fragrance. Amber began to soften at 150℃- 180℃ and completely melted at 250℃-375℃.

Precipitating succinic acid; Amber is oily, and it starts to burn when it exceeds 375 degrees Celsius. It has a bright yellow flame and a loose fragrance. Sometimes, amber is blue-green and rich in color. In ancient books, amber is classified according to its characteristics. For example, as Cao Zhao pointed out in Ming Dynasty, if it is rosin, red and yellow are "Mingpo", incense is "Xiangpo" and goose yellow is "Wapo". Li Shizhen (Compendium of Materia Medica) in Ming Dynasty classified amber in the most detailed way. According to the custom of China people, black amber is called "Weng Po"; Yellow is transparent and clear, called "Jin Po"; As for blood-red amber, it is called "blood amber", and in the west, it is called "cherry amber". There is also a kind of amber, which is black under ordinary light and crimson under strong light, and is called "amber". People with poor transparency and tiny bubbles are called "honey wax" because of their color like honey and texture like wax, while westerners are called "honey amber" because of their color like honey. In fact, beeswax is only a category of amber, but the name of amber or beeswax is often controversial in China. Archaeological documents in Chinese mainland did not emphasize the word "beeswax", but returned to the color of amber, described as orange opaque amber, or red and yellow opaque amber and so on. Baltic amber Baltic amber is mainly golden yellow, which comes from oligoturpentine fossils and has a particularly delicate texture. The earliest countries that established amber industry in modern times were all near the Baltic Sea, including the Soviet Union, Britain, Poland, Denmark and the Netherlands. The Baltic region is the largest amber producing area in the world at present. 1980, Kaliningrad alone produced two-thirds of the world's amber. German amber is also an important export item. There are also many large amber production plants in the Baltic countries, with Lithuania being the largest, followed by Latvia and Estonia. According to Zhang Po, an Indian gem expert, cherry red is the most valuable. The most special is black amber, which is opaque in normal light, but can present a beautiful deep red in strong light. It is regarded as the best "amber" in the domestic amber market. China has been extremely precious since ancient times. Compendium of Materia Medica says it is the best of all kinds of amber. Song described it as "the most precious amber, which costs five times as much as gold" (note: it is said to come from Eastern Europe and Vietnam, but it is actually based on the definition of amber: crimson and nearly black, with light. )

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Amber = amber beeswax = beeswax

Reference: Yahoo Dictionary

Amber-amber beeswax-beeswax