Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Yunnan customs, local people, topography and climate

Yunnan customs, local people, topography and climate

Yunnan is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China, with 25 ethnic minorities in the province. The population of Han nationality is 30.629 million, accounting for 66.63% of the total population; The population of ethnic minorities is 6.5438+05337 million, accounting for 33.37% of the total population. Among them, the Yi population is 5.028 million, accounting for 65.438+00.94% of the total population; The Hani population is 6.5438+0.63 million, accounting for 3.55% of the total population; Bai population 1, 566,5438+0,000, accounting for 3.40% of the total population; Dai population is 6,543,8+0,220, accounting for 2.66% of the total population; Zhuang population 12 15000, accounting for 2.64% of the total population. The Miao population is 6.5438+0.203 million, accounting for 2.62% of the total population; The Hui population is 698,000, accounting for 1.52% of the total population, and the Lisu population is 668,000, accounting for 1.45% of the total population. The population of Lahu nationality is 475,000, accounting for 1.03% of the total population. The distribution of ethnic groups is characterized by "big mixed residence and small settlement". Among them, there are 16 indigenous peoples in Yunnan: Yi, Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Pumi, Achang, Nu, Jino, De 'ang and Nu.

Climatic characteristics

The annual precipitation in Yunnan Province is 1. Type: Yunnan is located in the low latitude plateau, with a special geographical position and complex terrain, so the climate is also very complicated. The plateau monsoon climate is mainly influenced by the high-pressure airflow in southern Bangladesh. Most areas in the province are warm in winter and cool in summer, with four seasons like spring. The climate types in the province are rich and diverse, including seven climate types: north tropical, south subtropical, middle subtropical, north subtropical, south temperate, middle temperate and plateau climate zone.

2. Features: The climate in Yunnan has the characteristics of low latitude climate, monsoon climate and mountain plain climate. Its main performance is:

First, the regional differences and vertical changes of climate are very obvious. This phenomenon is closely related to the latitude and altitude of Yunnan. From the latitude point of view, its location is only equivalent to the geographical latitude from Leizhou Peninsula to Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and Guizhou. However, due to the high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south, the height difference between north and south is 6663.6 meters, which greatly aggravates the temperature difference caused by latitude factors in the whole province. This combination of high latitude and high altitude, low latitude and low altitude is consistent, that is, the increase of latitude in the horizontal direction coincides with the increase of altitude in the vertical direction. Except Jinsha River Valley and Yuanjiang River Valley, the annual average temperature rises from north to south, with an average temperature of about 5-24℃ and a temperature difference of about 19℃.

Due to the influence of topography and different weather systems, the zonal distribution law of temperature in the whole province often appears special circumstances, reflecting the regional differences and vertical changes of climate. There has been a phenomenon of "hot in the north and cool in the south". Especially in the vertical distribution, due to the mountainous territory, the river bed is constantly eroded, resulting in high mountains and deep valleys. From the valley to the top of the mountain, the climate types are different due to the rising height. Generally, every time the plateau rises 100 meters, the temperature drops by about 0.6℃. "One mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles is different from the sky", showing the characteristics of "three-dimensional climate".

Second, the annual temperature difference is small and the daily temperature difference is large. Because it is located in the low latitude plateau, the air is dry and sparse, and the solar heat obtained by various places not only increases or decreases with the change of solar altitude angle, but also is affected by clouds and rain. The average temperature of the hottest day in summer is about19-22℃; In winter, the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 6-8℃. The annual temperature difference is generally 10- 15℃, and the temperature is low in rainy days. The daily temperature change is cool in the morning and hot in the afternoon, especially in winter and spring, and the daily temperature difference can reach 12-20℃.

Third, abundant precipitation, alternating dry and wet, uneven distribution. The annual precipitation in most parts of the province is 1 100 mm, but due to the control and influence of different atmospheric circulation in winter and summer, the distribution of precipitation in seasons and regions is extremely uneven. The maximum precipitation is from June to August, accounting for about 60% of the annual precipitation. 165438+ 10 to April of the following year is the dry season, and the precipitation only accounts for 10-20% of the whole year, or even less. Moreover, in a small area, due to the change of altitude, the precipitation distribution is uneven. Yunnan has a long frost-free period. The southern border is frost-free all year round; Wenshan, Mengzi, Simao, Lincang and Dehong in the south have a frost-free period of 300-330 days; About 250 days in central Kunming, Yuxi and Chuxiong; The colder Zhaotong and Diqing reached 2 10-220 days. Yunnan has good lighting conditions, 90- 150 kcal per square centimeter per year, second only to Tibet, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions.

Most ethnic minorities

The most populous minority-Yi people

Dulong, the least populous minority

Baoshan, the largest hometown of overseas Chinese.

Yunnan ethnic village is the most concentrated scenic spot of ethnic customs.

The earliest ethnic autonomous prefecture-Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

The earliest ethnic autonomous county-Eshan Yi Autonomous County

National festivals are the best.

The most influential festival-Dai Water-splashing Festival

The most famous Torch Festival-Yi Torch Festival

The biggest material exchange event-Dali Sanyue Street National Festival

The most thrilling national festival-Lisu people's knife and pole festival (going up the knife mountain and going down the sea of fire)

The Biggest Dance of Ethnic Minorities —— The wooden brain longitudinal song of Jingpo nationality

The most famous Bull Running Festival-Miao Bullfighting Club

Etiquette with the Most National Characteristics —— Adult Ceremony of Jinuo Nationality

Ethnic minorities have the most marriage and love customs.

The strangest place of love-the girl's room

The most interesting love letter-flowers

The oldest love letter-Lai Su

The most euphemistic way of matchmaking-begging for food seeds

The most elegant way of love-expressing love with pipa and strings.

One of the oldest marriage customs in the world-Mosuo people's note marriage.

The strangest marriage custom-robbing relatives

The most frugal wedding labor

The most unique divorce ceremony-hosting a banquet to treat guests

The best in culture and craftsmanship.

The most famous museum-Yunnan Provincial Museum

Jiangchuan Bronze Museum, the earliest bronze museum established in China.

The most famous minority museum in China-Yunnan National Museum.

Heshun Library, the largest township library in China.

Buddhism, the most unique religion, spread from the south to the throne.

Dongba, the oldest hieroglyphic of ethnic minorities.

The oldest music-Naxi ancient music

The largest jade Buddha in China-Baoshan Jade Sleeping Buddha

The Highest Treasure of Woodcarving Art —— Gezimen, xiaoxincun, Tonghai

The Weirdest Village in China-Fengyandong Village

Ethnic minorities have the most unusual customs.

The Strangest Letter-Endorsement by Things

The most respected nation-Hani nationality

The most polite nation-Nu people

Yao people who like to pluck their eyebrows the most.

Jino people who like to wear earrings most.

The most interesting custom-moving at midnight

The strangest way of drinking-Komu people

The most peculiar fishing tool-Jingpo Long Dao

The strongest hunting method-empty-handed hunting

Naxi people-the people who are best at raising eagles and hunting.

The most regional characteristics

The highest altitude-6740 meters above sea level-Kawalpo.

The lowest altitude-the intersection of nanxi river and Honghe in Hekou County, 76.4m..

The hottest place-red river valley (the annual average temperature is above 30℃).

The coldest place-East of Diqing Prefecture (annual average temperature-1. 1℃)

The Best Climate-Dali City

The sunniest place-Yongren County

The wettest place-Longling County

Dry season-winter and spring

Jingdong county, the county with the highest forest coverage.

Pu 'er City is a prefecture-level city with the highest forest coverage.

Shangri-La County, the county with the highest timber accumulation.

The largest city-Kunming.

The place with the most volcanoes-Tengchong Volcano Group

The most natural landscape

One of the most famous karst landscapes in the world-Shilin

Stone forest landscape picture (14 photo)

The most famous soil forest-Yuanmou soil forest

The most peculiar sarin-colored sarin

The most beautiful scenery-Luoping Little Three Gorges

The Most Magnificent Geological Wonder-Three Parallel Rivers

The largest waterfall group in China-Jiulong River Waterfall Group

The most magical flower spring landscape-Baishuitai

The most beautiful snow mountain-Yulong Snow Mountain

Tiger Leaping Gorge, the most breathtaking landscape and the deepest canyon in China.

The most magnificent scenery of the Yangtze River-the first bay of the Yangtze River

Swallow Cave, the most distinctive cave in China.

The most visited cave-Arugu Cave

Jiuxiang Cave, the largest cave.

The most famous drunken fish landscape-DuDu Lake cuckoo drunken fish landscape

Dayingjiang-Ruilijiang Scenic Area-the most subtropical tourist attraction

Taibaoshan Park, a Rare Forest Park in the City

The best in the Jianghu.

The longest river-Jinsha River

The longest canyon-Nujiang Grand Canyon

Dianchi Lake, the largest plateau lake.

The deepest lake-Fuxian Lake

The most beautiful lake-Lugu Lake

The most famous hot spring-anning hot spring.

The most terrible spring-dumb spring

The most poisonous gas spring-Guaquetang

The hottest hot spring-103℃ hot spring

The strangest spring-the clear spring on the bank of the Red River

Tengchong Hot Sea is the most concentrated place of hot springs in China.

Visiting plants is the most interesting.

Yunnan Institute of Tropical Plants, the earliest tropical botanical garden in China.

The largest forest park-Zixi Mountain Scenic Area

The place with the most camellias in the world-ten thousand camellias in Yufeng Temple.

The most colorful flower-Japanese cypress (THE TEMPLE OF JIALAN)

The tallest tree-Wangtianshu

The Hardest Tree in Wood-Tielimu

The lightest tree in the world-balsa.

The most poisonous tree in the world-a tree with blood in its throat

The biggest floating lotus-Menglun Wang Lian

The most expensive medicinal tree species-Redbean Sequoia.

The fastest growing tree-miracle tree

The largest tree-the banyan king with a crown area of 5.5 mu.

Menghai Tea Tree King, the longest and longest tea tree.

Longevity Plant in the World —— Dracaena longifolia

The largest azalea tree in the world-azalea tree king

The most wonderful "listening to music" plant in the world-Dancing grass

Mimosa-the plant that can predict earthquakes most easily.

Animal swimming is the most interesting.

The largest zoo-Kunming Wildlife Park

The place with the most seagulls-Cuihu Park

The most peculiar place of butterflies-Dali butterfly spring

The earliest elephant performance team in China-Yunnan Ethnic Village Elephant Performance Team

The strangest "flying" animal-flying lizard

The Newly Discovered Crane in the World —— Black-necked Crane

The most "loving" bird-hornbill

The most beautiful bird-peacock

Gibbon, the animal with the highest acrobatic skills.

The animal with the most "spirit of unity and cooperation"-apes

The world's rarest butterfly-the discovery place of the Kashen ghost Papilio.

Bird carving mountain, the mountain with the most migratory birds passing by.

The Aquarium with the Most Aquatic Animals-Tong Yuan Mountain Aquarium

The most humanistic landscape

The Best Landscape Combining Natural Environment with Humanities and Art —— Xishan Longmen

The most famous long couplet-Daguanlou Long couplet

The Temple with the Most Lohan-Zhu Qian Temple

Jin Dian, the largest bronze temple in China.

The city with the most national characteristics-Dali Ancient City

The most scientific architectural layout of the ancient city in China-Old Town of Lijiang

The tallest even-numbered ancient pagoda in China-Chihiro Pagoda in Dali

The strangest tower-a tree wrapped in a tower wrapped in a tree

Xiushan Park has the most couplets in China.

The Best Landscape Combining Natural Environment with Humanities and Art —— Xishan Longmen

The most famous long couplet-Daguanlou Long couplet

The Temple with the Most Lohan-Zhu Qian Temple

Jin Dian, the largest bronze temple in China.

The city with the most national characteristics-Dali Ancient City

The most scientific architectural layout of the ancient city in China-Old Town of Lijiang

The tallest even-numbered ancient pagoda in China-Chihiro Pagoda in Dali

The strangest tower-a tree wrapped in a tower wrapped in a tree

The Park with the Most Couplets in China —— Yuxi Tonghai Xiushan Park

Shishan Park, the park with the most palace architectural features.

The earliest grottoes-Shi Zhongshan Grottoes

The most famous building in Southern Buddhism-Manfeilong Tower

The most famous building-Wufeng Building

The most famous pavilion-Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion

The largest Tibetan Buddhist temple-Gadansong Zanlin Temple

The largest Confucius Temple-Jianshui Confucius Temple

Weibaoshan, the largest Taoist resort

The most famous Buddhist mountain-Jizu Mountain

The oldest rock painting-Cangyuan rock painting

The largest relief-the relief of history

The Oldest Orchid Works —— A Record of A Good South

The most fossil

The earliest fossil of human teeth in China-Yuanmou man's teeth

The earliest animal fossils in the world-Chengjiang Mollusca Fossil Group

The Oldest Ape Fossil in China —— the Lamaxian Fossil in Lufeng

The place with the most dinosaur fossils-Lufeng

The earliest vertebrate fossil found in China-the fossil of the head turtle.

The most metallic cultural relic

The earliest physical evidence that Yunnan belongs to the central government-Yunnan Wang Xi

The oldest tin ware-perforated tin ornaments

The oldest bronze drum in the world-Wanjiaba bronze drum

Nanzhao Iron Column, the largest iron column in China.

The largest bronze bell-Jin Dian bronze bell

The largest bronze statue of Confucius —— The bronze statue of Confucius in Shiyang Confucius Temple

The largest bronze statue-Guo Si bronze Buddha statue

The earliest copper coffin in China-Shitoushan copper coffin

The largest and heaviest ancient coin in the world-Jiajing Bao Tong

Stone tablets are the most cultural relics.

The earliest inscription-Dragon Face Monument

The most famous stone tablet-Nanzhao Dehua Monument

The oldest stone tablet in Zhaotong-Mengbei