Picking and processing of pollution-free honeysuckle (what are the picking and processing skills of honeysuckle)

Honeysuckle is a perennial semi-evergreen woody vine of Caprifoliaceae, also know

Picking and processing of pollution-free honeysuckle (what are the picking and processing skills of honeysuckle)

Honeysuckle is a perennial semi-evergreen woody vine of Caprifoliaceae, also known as Erhua and Hua Shuang, which is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. Because of its remarkable effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, lowering blood pressure and delaying aging, it is known as an antibiotic and an elixir of life in traditional Chinese medicine, and the production and development of honeysuckle have begun to receive more and more attention. The harvesting and processing of honeysuckle is the last two "procedures" in the production process, and it is also the final guarantee of "high yield, high efficiency, high quality and safety". In recent years, in order to improve the comprehensive benefits of honeysuckle, the Agricultural Bureau of fengqiu county City, Henan Province has continuously improved and innovated the traditional production methods and technologies, and created the best harvesting method of honeysuckle and the "four-stage variable temperature drying technology in curing barn", which has been affirmed by the authoritative departments of the state and played an important role in production. Now this technology is introduced as follows:

First, harvest

Excellent varieties of honeysuckle, such as Fengqiu Damaohua and Jizhaohua, can bloom in the same year in spring and in autumn and winter the following year. Therefore, after planting honeysuckle, it is necessary to consider the collection and processing of flower buds, prepare containers for collecting flower buds and build a flower bud processing and baking room.

Development of flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb

Fengqiu Damaohua blooms four times a year in North China. The first flower bud began to sprout in mid-April, and then gradually increased. By mid-May, the buds were ripe and began to blossom. At the end of May, the first flower bud ended. After that, it blooms every 3Od or so, and the fourth flowering can be at the beginning of lO.

It takes about L3-20 days for a single flower of Lonicera japonica to germinate and open, which is longer in spring, higher in summer and autumn, faster in bud development and shorter in development time. When the bud grows to an appropriate length of 1/2, the development is accelerated and the color begins to turn from green to white. If it is not harvested in time, it will open.

2. Harvest season

Honeysuckle can be divided into the following stages from budding to flowering and withering: rice bud stage, young bud stage, green bud stage, pre-white bud stage (upper white and lower green), white bud stage (upper white and lower white), silver flowering stage (early flowering stage), golden flowering stage (from flowering 1, from 2d to withering) and withering stage. The dry matter collected before the green bud stage is less, which has low medicinal value and affects the yield and quality. After the flowering of silver, the dry matter content is high, but the medicinal components are reduced. Although the output is high, the quality is poor. There are a lot of dry matter in the early stage of white bud, and the medicinal composition, yield and quality are high, but it is easy to miss the harvesting opportunity in the early stage of white bud, so the best harvesting time is the early stage of white bud, which is called the second white needle stage by the masses.

3. Harvest method

The best time to harvest honeysuckle is early morning and morning. At this time, the collected buds are not easy to open, full of nutrition, rich in fragrance and good in color. The afternoon harvest should be completed before sunset, because the flowering of honeysuckle is limited by light, and the mature buds will bloom after sunset, which will affect the quality. When harvesting, only mature buds and nearly mature buds are collected, and young buds and leaves are not collected. After harvesting, they should be put in baskets made of strips or bamboo. When concentrating, it should not be piled up, but spread out for a long time, and the longest time should not exceed 4 hours.

Second, processing

The primary processing of honeysuckle is to turn the collected fresh buds into dry buds by a certain method. The main methods are air drying, sun drying and drying. Air-drying and air-drying are gradually eliminated because they are not suitable for mass processing, and their quality is poor and unstable. The main processing method used in production is open flame drying. This method is not affected by the weather, and the quality of dried buds is good, so it is widely used by the masses. However, the disadvantage of "open flame drying method" is that harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide are seriously polluted. In recent years, agricultural technicians and drug farmers in fengqiu county jointly created the "four-stage variable temperature drying technology for curing barn", which reduced the pollution of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide and realized pollution-free processing. The specific method is as follows:

Construction of length curing barn and drying rack

First of all, the size of the curing barn should be determined according to the planting area. Generally, every 667 square meters of honeysuckle needs about 4-5 square meters, and the curing barn is generally a bungalow. There are two construction methods: (l) single row curing barn: the length of curing barn depends on the area of honeysuckle, with 2-2.2m wide and 2-2.5m high, doors and windows, two exhaust holes at the top, and clothes racks along the long side of the room. (2) Double-row grille type: The length of the curing barn depends on the area of honeysuckle, with a width of 2.5-3.2m and a height of 2-2.5m. It is provided with a door-window or double windows, and there are 2 13 exhaust holes at the top or near the edge of the room. No matter single row or double row, the inner wall of the curing barn is required to be smooth and airtight.